Purposive education – about writing, speaking and presenting to different audiences.

Provide students oppurtunities for communicating effectively and appropriately to multicultural

audience in a local or global context.

KSI > knowledge, skill, information

Verbal communication – use of words written or oral Non- verbal communication

– action, sign, gesture, symbols Communication – understood as a process of meaning making
through a channel or a medium. It comes from the latin word
communicares, meaning to sharer or to make ideas common.

The components of the communication process 1. source – the sender

carefully crafts the message. 2. message – reason behind any reason 3.
channel- is the means by w/c a message is conveyed. 4. receiver –the person
who receive

the message. 5. feedback – essential to confirm receiving understood.

6. environment – the place, the feeling, the mood, mindset and condition of both sender and receiver
are environment. 7. context- includes the expectations of the sender. 8.
interference – also known as barrier or block that prevents.

Types verbal communication – refers to the communication in which

message is transmitted verbally non- verbal communication- is the sending or
receiving a wordless message.

Kinds of interference a. psychological barrier- thought that hamper the message to

be interpreted. b. physical barriers- include competiting, wheather, weather and climate.
c.linguistics and cultural barriers- pertains to the language and its cultural environment where words mat
mean another in other culture. d.mechanical barriers- disturbance in hearing due to thunders,
telephone call disconnection and problems in tv reception.

Nine principles of effective communication.(9c`s) Michael Osborn (2009)

1. clarity- understandable 2.concreteness- reduces misunderstanding. 3.courtesy-

being polite in terms of approach and manner in addressing an individual in communication.
4.correctness- proper use of punction to indicate precision in communication 5. consideration-
message must be geared towards the audience 6.creativity- ability to craft 7.conciseness -use
of simple and direct language manifest. 8.cultural sentivity- emphasis on empowering
diverse cultures, lifestyle and races.

9. captivating- command more attention and better responses. Ethics- branch of

philosophy
Ethical communication 1. respect audience 2. consider the
result of communication 3. value truth 4. use information correctly
5. do not falsify information

Globalization- is the communication and assertation among individual.

Possible barriers 1. cultural relativism – beliefs, values, practices.

2. lack of knowledge of other culture 3.discrimination and harassment- offensive environment
4. language differences

Strategies 1. know communication principles > 9c`s

2. analyze the message receiver > their culture, needs, interest, and attitudes.
3. be open to an accepting of other culture > learning different cultural background
4. learn about culture and apply what is learned > learning different culture 5, consider language
needs > language is important source of communication.

Inetercultural communication – wide range of communication.

Froms of intercultural communication 1.intercultural communication – genre of communication study

that embraces the interactions between people representing different historical races. >
interethnic communication – interacting with people of different ethnic origins. 2. international
communication- it focuses attention on the overall process though which data and information flow
through the state boarders.

Example:

Government to government

Business to business

People to people

3. intracultural communication- type of communications that takes place between members of the same
dominant culture, but with slightly different values

4 areas:

Unconscious incompetence – where people misinterpret each others behaviour.

Conscious incompetence- where people are aware that misinterpretation of others behaviour is
occurring, but we don’t do anything about it.

Conscious competence- where we think about our communication behaviour and consciously modify it
to improve our effectiveness

Unconscious competence- whre we have practiced the

skills for effective communication to extent that we have no longer to think about them use them.
Stereotyping – cognitive bias which all of us have heard before.

Negative stereotypes and prejudices – can cause communication problems and give offense

3 cognitive biases Familiarity bias – makes us seek out information that we already know,

Joseph shaules “ the intercultural mind”

Confirmation bias - describe the tendency of our brain to search for information and focus on details in a
way that our pre existing ideas about something being confirmed.

Selective perception bias – is the tendency to ignore stimuli or quickly forget about stimuli.

Ward haugh –“specific set of linguistic item” “human speech patterns” Register of language – it is a
variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular setting.

Initializing- the spoken mode place after associated with everyday registers
Multi- modality –multiple mode of communication Spoken mode – is often associated
with everyday registers . Written mode – is strongly associated with academic registers.

Varieties of spoken and written language

Lin(2006) 1. language varies when communicating with people within

(local) and outside (global) our community. 2. language varies in speaking and
writing 3. language varies in everyday and specialized discourses.

Mahboob(2004) 8 different domains 1. local everyday written – this may include instances of local
everyday written usage found in the neighbourhood poster( poster looking for transients/ bed spacers
2.everyday oral - , occur in local communication among neighbours in everyday, informal and local
varieties of languages. 3.local specialized written – can be found in the publications
and web sites of local societies such as baguio midland courier. 4. local specialized
oral- involves specialized discourses. For example, in a computer shop in the neighbourhood, specialized
local usage can be found( specialized computer game related vocabulary is used)

5. global everyday written – avoids local colloquialisms to make the text accessible to wider communities
of readers. 6. global everyday oral – may occur in interactions between
people coming from different parts of the world when they talk about everyday casual topics.
7. global specialized written – expands to as many readers internationally, hence the non-usage of local
colloquial expressions(international research journal articles) 8. global specialized oral-
occurs when people from different parts of the world discuss specialized topics in spoken from( paper
presentation sessions in an international academic conference.)

Multimedia presentation – is a stand alone presentation that includes information presented with slides,
video, or digital representations. Multimedia applications- used to improve learning affectiveness.
6 main elements

Text Images Audio Video Animations User control Graphics Special

features of computer based presentions 1. custom navigation (linking) between
slides, to other media and to the internet. 2. can be made into hard copy
printouts or transparencies 3.can be uploaded to web Steps making effective multimedia
presentations 1. know the purpose of presentation 2.
know the audience 3. gather information 4. use a variety of resources

Citations

MLA – modern language association

Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975

APA –American psychological association.

Marcuse, S. (1975). A survey of musical instruments. New York: Harper and Row.

Organize the information a. list the main points b. have only one main idea
per slide c. present ideas in a logical order d. place important information near the top
check technical issues a. contrast - Dark text on white
Background -white text on Dark Background Use only one design and color scheme
>Avoid clutter >Avoid patterned or texture backgrounds >Use of
large font size (minimum18 pts) >Use fonts that are easy to read. >Don’t
use more than two types of fonts >Avoid too much text. >Use
no more than 3 or 4 bullets per slide. >Be creative
https-hypertext transfer protocol secure www- world wide web org
– organization path - domain