By raising concern shared by content creators, governments, and internet

stakeholders41 ,the document had a good chance of gaining traction at WIPO.

However, Brazilian government leadership van-ished with the impeachment of Rousseff
in its absence, it is unclear if these issues will be taken up at a multilateral
level in the foreseeable future42.

The Internet as Source

Increasingly online sources compete aggressively with print sources as a means of

access to educational materials. Graduate students are expected to read
lqnguageworks and for english lan-guage materials, the large international shadow
libraries such as LibGen, Bookzz and Aaaarg are the destinations of choice at the
undergraduate levels, demand is predominently for Portuguese language works, which
none of the major international sites collect on significant scale Portugese-
language shadow libraries have emerged at several points in the past fifetten
years, but none have survived long enough to become definitive archives. in nearly
all cases, collectiond remain small and local built from ad hoc sharing of
materials between students or between students and professors usually focussed on
specific courses or degrees. These colletions rarely circulate to the publicat
large, even if sometimes they end up on the internet as thematically organized
compilations posted to file hosting services and linked from Facbook or blog posts.
The defunct website Livfros de Humanas (Humanites Books) remains .so far, the
best exmaple of Brazilian attempt at a large scale student-built shadow library
Livros de Humanas was a blog that collected links to texts stored on file hosting
services. It Wass organized by Thiago Candido, a student of literature from the
university of Sao Paulo based on files uploaed by his collegues and himself, often
scanned from physical copies. As in so many other cases, the initial motivation was
cost "In 2009, the copy shop that served the school -illegal according to ABDR, but
without which no one can study at USP or any other brazilian university- raised the
price for a photocopied page to R$0.15, a 50 percent increase", Candido said in an
interview. That motivated a group of students to share the content of their
courses in sites 4shared and mediafire. The blog functioned as an index of those
links .
Unfortunately, for LIVROS De HUMANAS, they had to cotend with the ABDR.
Beginning in august 2009, the ABDR began to systematically end takedown notices
to hosting and linking sites and initiate lawsuits against supposed infringers. By
July 2010, around forty thousand notices had been sent with what ABDR alleged was a
takedown success rate of 90 percent. In 2014, the ABDR claimed to be removing links
to pirated content at a rate of around eight thousand links per month.
This type of enforcement was not eough to keep infringing content offline, but
has proved sucessful, at least so far, in deterring the emergence of large scale,
online pirate libraries. While the ABDR claims that Livros de Hiumanas was "just
another website", and that the lawsuit against it was one of at least thirty others
that had been filed until the no other student-curated collection of digital
materials like it has appeared since. The site was taken down as it was becoming
the main source for digital Portugese-language academic materials in the humanites
and social sciences.
The community of users served by Candido's collection protested loudly against
the lawsuit Livros de Huamans gained support from publishers, intellectuals and
best selling pro-piracy novelist Paulo Coelho. International support came fromNeil
Gaiman, who chimed in via twitter that he was "Standing up for #freeLivrodeHumanas.
Milena Duchiadde, the former owner of Rio De Janeiro's traditional humanities
bookstore. Leonardo da Vinci, wrote a letter of support, grounded on the fairness
of sharing materails thats are had to find. A few