1

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

The furniture making industry remains to be flourishing industry because of the

art of designing. Every now and then, styles of pieces of furniture are fashioned to satisfy

the discriminating tastes of people in the various walks of life. Because of the

modernization of our technology, many designer come up to think what should be the

product that would trend to the market that have a quality and space saver furniture of

what people looking for.

Furniture styles have developed in curious ways. Only one characteristics of

furniture has remained relatively standard and that is the strength which the buyer would

like to have. That's why every family always look and select a high standard furniture

that will satisfy their needs , pleasure and provide comfort for a long period of time.

In designing pieces of furniture, the following factors to be considered are: the

function or purpose of the furniture, its pleasing form, materials to be used, the technique

on prohibiting it and its specific cost. However buyers are more satisfy with the furnitures

design than its materials used because of the attraction and pleasing to the eyes.

As for Mary Bellis, furnitures have a classification and one of this is the resting

furniture wherein bed is an example of it. Bed is a piece of furniture upon which a person

may recline or sleep in many ways. And for many centuries, the bed was considered as

the most important piece of furniture in the house and a type of status symbol. Beds were

used in ancient Egypt as more than a place for sleeping and used as a place to eat meals

and incertain socially.

 2

As the years passed by, different styles of bed are being developed. One of it is the

bed with drawer and open shelves. Drawer is specifically designed for the storage

compartment of papers and other valuables. Therefore the user's not only have a bed to

sleep but also a drawer which they can put anything to it.

Based on increasing demand in the furniture industry, though innovators already

construct different furniture in houses, there are still cases encountered wherein the

owner of the house can’t provide or bought all types of furniture because of the

expensiveness of it. From the researchers’ observation, the real developer and the urban

planning now construct smaller space residential dwelling so the researcher decided to

design Four in One Furniture that suitable to a multiple purposes in a modern time living.

Aside from it, a bed can be converted into a single bed, double bed and sofa bed.

This Four in One Furniture can accommodate one to three persons that can be

transforming as a sofa bed at day time through the sliding mechanism under the bed with

lock and support. Another function, sofa bed can transform to single bed through folding

a sofa bed to make it one. This furniture consists of ball type roller leg which can be fold

under the bed with lock so that it can be easy to transfer inside the house. This furniture

bed, not only bed but some purpose as part of furniture like drawer, open shelves and

small part storage space. This creation should be functional, and durable that will satisfy

and comfort the necessity of the user.

According to Farah Nasser, overcrowded homes could result not only from the

number of family members but also from mismanaged space as well. This problem had a

solution: Four in One Furniture. Furniture could be designed in a way to serve multiple
 3

purposes. This space saving concept has been around for many years however, it was not

until recently that the importance and convenience of multifunctional furniture was

recognized particularly due to the increase of urban lifestyle which is associated with

urban area.

Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to make Four in One Furnitures. Specifically it aims to:

1. Design of the Four in One Furniture.

2. Identify the process involved in the construction of Four in One Furniture; and

3. Determine the acceptability level of the product in terms of:

A. Durability

B. Functionality

C. Comfortability

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused in the design, construction, and validating the acceptability of

the Four in One Furniture that aimed to determine the functionality, durability, and

comfortability.
 4

Evaluation of the study was conducted to (15) households, (15) students taking

carpentry subject, and (5) non-related respondent in carpentry for the validation and

acceptability of the study.

 5

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the readers, some terms in this study are clearly defined.

Cushion. Foam use in the multifunctional Furniture.

Double bed. Bed which can accommodate two persons.

Drawer. Furniture that can stored anything on.

Durable. The Four in One Furniture is strong and in good condition over a long period of

time.

Furniture. The single bed, double bed and the sofa bed with drawer those are useful

inside and outside the house.

Four in One Furniture. The combination of single bed, double bed, sofa bed and

drawer.

Single bed. Is a bed that one person can accommodate.

Durable. The Four in One Furniture is strong and in good condition over a long period of

time.

Functional.Other feature of furniture that useful inside and outside the house.

Sofa Bed. Bed consists of backrest.

 6

End Notes

Fundamentals of furniture and cabinet making by Gregorio T. Amano, Published and

copy right 1987 by Saint Mary's Publishing.1308 P.Guevara St.Sta.cruz,Manila
The illustrated handbook of upholstery by N.H. Roberts.1st edition,1st printing, copy
1983 by TAB BOOKS INC.Reprinted under Authority of presidential decree
no.285 as amended by P.D nos.400 and 120,National bookstore Inc.701
rizal avenue cor.soler st.

Fundamentals of furniture and cabinet making by Gregorio T. Amano,Published and ..

Copyright 198 by Saint Mary's Publishing.1308 P.Guevara St.Sta.cruz,Manila
Mary Bellis.blog.retrievedfrom http://www.thoughtco.com, July10, 2017
Nasser, Farah, "multifunctional furniture for underprivileged communities: a
milestone in sustainable development" (2013).Department of Computer
Graphics Technology Degree Theses.Paper 26.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgttheses/26, july 23,2017
 7

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which drawn

from books, internet, and published thesis. The researchers gathered data to obtain related

facts and information that gave better insight in making this study.

In the book of Clive Edwards entitled Interior design a critical introduction, Mark

Kingwell points out that furniture has various functions enabling humans to complete

tasks and at this level all furniture types are equal. However, he also reinforces the role of

furniture to meet higher level human needs.

Stanley Abercrombie suggests that furniture can be categorized in three basic

types: those that serve our bodies, those that serve our possessions and those that serve

only our senses.

Bed is classified as resting furniture that serve our bodies primarily used as a

placed to sleep and often used for relaxation. To make a bed more comfortable a mattress

is usually placed on top of it. The second layer is the box spring inner-spring base. The

box spring in large mattress size box containing wood and springs that provide additional

support and suspension for mattress. And the third layer would be the bed frame.

In ancient worlds early beds were little more than piles of straw or some other

natural materials. An important change was raising them off ground, to avoid draughts,

dirt and pests.

 8

In the early middle age, the ancient Germans lay on the floor or beds of leaves

covered with skins, or in a kind of shallow chest filled with leaves and moss. They laid

carpets on the floor or on a bench against the wall, placed upon them mattress stuffed

with feathers, wool or animal hair and used skins as a covering.

In the 13th century luxury increased and bedsteads were made of wood much

decorated with inlaid, carved and painted ornament. They also used folding beds, which

served as couches by day and had a cushion's covered with silk laid upon leather. The

Carolingian manuscripts show metal bedsteads much higher at the head than at the feet,

and this shape continue in use until in France. Elevating the head and shoulders helps aid

breathing, especially when one is suffering from congestion or condition affecting the

lungs so many cushions being added to raise the body to a sloping position.

In 14th century the woodwork became of less importance, being generally entirely

covered by hangings of rich materials like silk, velvet and even cloth of gold were much

used. It is also the time when leather bed became highly prized possessions.

In the study of Matt Soniak, the murphy bed, also known as a wall bed, fold down

bed or pull down bed, in a bed that hinged at one end so it can be folded up and stored

vertically against a wall or in a closet. It is useful in situation where floor space in at a

premium, like studio apartment, dorm rooms, mobile homes, and cruise ship cabins.

Murphy's innovation was at the beds point of folding. Using an old closet doorjamb and

some door hinges, he built a pivot that allowed the bed to attach to a wall and fold up

against it for easy storage. As shown in figure 2.1.

 9

Figure 2.1 Murphy Bed

Sarah E. Goode invented a folding cabinet bed which helps people who lived in tight

housing to utilize their space efficiently. When the bed was folded up, it looked like a

desk with room for storage. At night, the desk would be unfolded to become a bed. It was

fully functioning both as a bed and as a desk.

Many more choices are available to today’s consumers in the way of beds and

mattresses. Current trends in furniture change every year as new and exciting models.

Much of today beds and platform beds are offered in traditional, transitional and

contemporary styles in a wide variety of ever changing designs. New colors are being

made available in beds and furniture as manufacturers develop new techniques of

applying more vibrant and unique colors and strains to bath wood, metal, and other newer

materials. With the advances in bed construction and design this period is sure to be

remembered in its own right as actively working to offer people the styles and choices

they want in an era that continues to move forward. Modern day beds represent the

cumulative efforts of so many individuals and gives broader appreciation of how for
 10

mankind has come in their attempts to provide the people with a better bed for which to

sleep.

As the study of John Mcneil, James Hickman and Michael Isheim, a prior art

single stock keeping unit for accommodating double, queen and king sized beds with

both support and under the bed drawers is equipped with foot actuated drawer opening.

Each stock keeping unit includes faced box spring supporting paired face frame-less

cabinets which are conveniently shipped stacked one upon another and are placed back to

back and assembled for underlying box spring support. Each face frame-less cabinet

includes two floor contacting members, and three vertical members, and the intermediate

vertical member. Conventional drawers on the side mounted drawer roller bearing and

slide guides to expose a finished drawer front without hardware for opening and closing.

The floor contacting members adjacent the drawer front is recessed to relative to the

drawer front to permit relatively small retracting movement of the drawer on side

mounted drawer portion for folding the drawer in the closed position. A detentuated

spring is mounted between the drawer back and frame from which the drawer is

supported. When the drawer is initially closed, the detent retracts and the side mounted

drawer roller bearing and slide guides move to recessed portion of the slides, maintaining

the drawer closed. When opening is desired, further inward pushing against the detent

mechanism causes detent expansion, the drawer supporting rollers are urged out of

engagement to the slide recess and opening occurs. An under bed mounted drawer is

disclosed which may be easily opened from the reclining, sitting, and standing position.

As shown in figure 2.2.

 11

Figure 2.2 Drawer without hardware for installation under bed

According to the study of Kelly C. Gloger, a knockdown bed formed of the

plurality of longitudinally spaced parallel, transversely extending, U-shaped channel

members detachably coupled by latch assemblies within respective ends of the U-shaped

channel members engaging receiver assemblies fitted at longitudinally spaced positions

on facing surfaces of opposed side boards of the bed, with the channel members having

open slots on each side therefore, and receiving thin, rectangular panels to form a planar

box spring and mattress support across the top of the bed, act to partially suspend drawers

which are positioned beneath the planar box spring and mattress support. As shown in

figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 Knockdown Bed

 12

Luis Armando Quiñones invention relates to convertible furniture. Particularly, it

refers to a novel folding mechanism for a bed-sofa, characterized by comprising two

portions structure both corresponding to a seat and back or to form a flat surface for a

bed, comprising such mechanism elongated plaltens, sliding and fixing plates, folding

hinges and a pair of frames or structures corresponding to each one of said portions.

Donald J. Acker, A convertible sofa-bed unit in which the back is moved from a

substantially vertical position along the rear of the seat section to a horizontal position

along the forward edge of the seat, and substantially on a plane therewith. The back is

held in the two positions by a mechanism at each end, each consisting of two arms

connected to the ends of the seat section and the back section which cause the back

section to rotate to place the surface facing forward in the sofa position to the upwardly

facing arrangement in the bed position. A support member is provided at each end of the

seat section near the forward edge thereof for engagement by one arm at each end,

capable of fully supporting the back in the bed position so that no legs are required for

use of the unit as a double bed. As shown in figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4 Convertible Sofa Bed Unit

 13

Moshe Mizrahi , A combination piece of furniture providing a couch which can

be converted into a bed, including a first frame enclosing a first platform, a second frame

enclosing a second platform and a hinge for pivotally connecting the first platform to the

second platform so that the second frame can be pivoted 180° between a first mode, when

the second platform is disposed on the first plat form to form the couch, and a second

mode, when the second platform is disposed adjacent to the first platform in a side-by-

side arrangement to form the bed. A hinge pivotally connects a back rest to a rear portion

of the second platform so that the back rest can be pivoted between an upright position

extending perpendicular to the second platform, when the second frame is in the first

mode, and a folded position resting on the second platform, when the second frame is in

the second mode. A plate hinged to the second frame is wedged against a step-like

member disposed on the back rest to maintain the back rest in the folded position on the

second plat form. Preferably, the first frame is provided with four supporting legs, and

the second frame is provided with two supporting legs. As shown in figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5 Combination sofa bed-double beds with pivotable backrest

 14

Synthesis of State-of-the-Art

This study is similar to the ideas of the studies presented in literature and studies.

As of John Mcneil, James Hickman and Michael Isheim invented the drawer without

hardware for installation under bed which is a prior art single stock keeping unit for

accommodating double, queen and king sized beds with both support and under the bed

drawers is equipped with foot actuated drawer opening and Moshe Mizrahi that invented

the combination sofa bed-double bed with pivotable backrest which is a combination

piece of furniture providing a couch that can be converted into a bed, the present study

comes up with combining the two prior studies and add another feature which is folding

leg with ball type wheel for easiest way to transport from one place to another and this

concepts of bed were used to develop the Four in One Furniture that will help not only

the household but also other individual as well, especially those people living in urban

area.

Conceptualize Framework of the Study

In making Four in One Furniture, conceptual framework is the instrument in the

fulfillment of the study. This section summarizes the flow of the study and illustrates how

the study builds.

The study followed the systematic process of input, process and output of the

study.

Input of the Four in One Furniture consists of the categories in obtaining the goal

of the study. These were the concept and ideas; Related literature and studies; Knowledge

and skills; Materials and tools; Budget.

 15

Process consists of the different activities that guided the researchers in

constructing Four in One Furniture. Several steps were considered such as analyzing,

planning, designing, constructing, testing, revision and evaluating to attain the realization

of the product.

Output of the study entails with the evaluation that the Four in One Furniture was

highly acceptable in terms of functionality, durability and comfortability.

Figure 2.1 Conceptual Framework

INPUT
 Concept and ideas;
 Related literature and
studies;
 Knowledge and skills;
 Materials and tools;
 Budget

PROCESS
 analyzing,
 planning,
 designing,
 constructing
 testing
 revision and evaluating

OUTPUT

Four in One
Furniture
 16

End Notes

MediaWiki .History of bed. May 25, 2016. Retrievedfrom:www.

newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/bed, July 9, 2017
Americacomesalive.com>2012/02/08
Mentalfloss.com>article>who-was-murphy
Phil Pendleton copyright 2007-2015.Platformbeds.com/history-of- bed_ep_
58-1html.history of bed, July 9, 2017
Percy Blandford's favorite woodworking project.1992 by TABS Books
Nasser, Farah, "multifunctional furniture for underprivileged communities: a
milestone in sustainable development" (2013).Department of Computer
Graphics Technology Degree Theses.Paper 26.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgttheses/26, july 24,2017
United States Patent.Moshe Mizrahi.Combination sofabed-double bed with
pivotable backrest.August 20,1991.Retrieved
from,http://www.google.com/patents/US5107553July 29,2017
United States Patent. Donald J. Acker.A convertible sofa-bed unit.September 5,
1978 Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/US4110855A,July 29,2017
United States Patent.John Mcneil, James Hickman and Michael Isheim.Drawer
without hardware for installation under bed.January 7,2003 Retrieved
from http://www.google.com/patents/US6502256,July .29,2017
United States Patent.Luis Armando Quiñones.Bed sofa.June 1, 2004 Retrieved
from http://www.google.com/patents/US6742200B2,July 29,2017
 17

Chapter III

METHODS AND MATERIALS

This chapter presents the methods and materials of the Four in One Furniture. It

also includes the technical specification of materials, tools, and equipment that we are

using for constructing the Four in One Furniture.

Methodology

The research and development (R & D) process is used in this study. It is the

process use to develop and validate the usefulness of the product. The descriptive method

is utilized as it used documentary analysis to gather data on the acceptability of the

output. The researcher use survey questionnaire as an instrument in gathering data. The

method deals with planning, designing, canvassing and finalizing the product.

Research Instrument

This study used a survey questionnaire as an instrument to gain data in a selected

students in BISCAST took up a carpentry subject, a selected households and non-related

students in BISCAST to validate the acceptability of the product.

The questionnaire is structured in such a way that the respondents will be able to

answer it easily. Thus, the form used in questionnaire is based on the Likert format with a

five (5) point response scale.

 18

Table 3.1. Shows the evaluating rate with corresponding descriptive

interpretation.

RATING DESCRIPTIVE INTERPRETATION

5 Highly Acceptable
4 Moderately Acceptable
3 Acceptable
2 Moderately Unacceptable
1 Not Acceptable

Planning

The researchers decided to make this product which is the Four in One Furniture

that consists of three features which is the single and double bed with drawer and open

shelves, small storage or extra storage space and sofa bed that will help the household to

minimize and maximize the space of a particular room. It is also the phase of

development where the different sketches, drawing and plans are made.

Gantt chart

The table3.1 shows the Activities for planning to final defense and the date

planned.

Table 3.1 Gantt Chart

Activities

Remarks

1.Planning

a. Laying out and designing

b. Canvassing of the materials

2.Constructing
 19

a. Purchasing of the materials

b. Prepare the tools and

equipment

c. Construction of the product

3.Testing and Revision

4.Evaluation

5.Final defense

Design of Multifunctional Furniture

The design of the Four in One Furniture manifests the single and double bed, sofa

bed with drawer and open shelves that is made of wood.

The Four in One Furniture comprises of the following dimensions and measurements:

Top View
 20

Front View

Side View

Single Bed Double Bed

 21

Sofa Bed

Canvassing
The researchers found materials which are appropriate to the design of the Four in

One Furniture that delivered good quality of a product.

Supplies and Materials

In table 3.2, it indicates the lists of supplies and materials with the corresponding

quantity, unit, description, unit price, and total price.

Table 3.2 Lists of Supplies and Materials

Quantity Unit Description Unit Total price

price

9 Pcs. Good lumber 640 Php5,760.00

1”×12” ×12’ S4S

4 Pcs THK Plywood Marine 780 Php3120.00

½”THK

2 Pcs. Handle 55 Php110.00

2½ Kl. Assorted pin nails 85 Php212.50

1”,1½”,2 ½”
 22

4 Pcs Ball type leg roller 75 Php300.00

20 Pcs Nut & bolts 38 Php760.00

12mmø×6”

4 Pcs. Drawer Slide 18” 150 Php600.00

4 Pairs Loose pin hinges 250 Php1000.00

3 1/2 “×3 ½”

1 Quart Stikwel 130 Php130.00

2 Quart Paint (brown and light brown) 279 Php558.00

2 Pcs. Foam with cover cloth 1400 Php2800.00

1.89×0.89×0.09m

TOTAL: Php15,350.50

Table 3.2 Lists of Supplies and Materials

Tools and Material

Table 3.3 shows the lists of tools and materials used in constructing the Four-in-

One Furniture.

Table 3.3 Lists of Tools

Name of Tools Functions

Hammer Used for striking the nail

Saw Used to cut woods and plywood

Chisel Used to chip the wood

Screwdriver Used to loosen and tighten the screw that used to

 23

attach the wood

Push-pull rule Used to measure the width and length of the bed

Pencil and marker Used for marking for specific guide measure

Tri-square Used to measure a right angle and straight line

Brush Used to spread the varnish

Plane Used to make wood smooth

Table 3.3 Lists of Tools

In table 3.4, presents the materials used in constructing the Four in One Furniture.

Table 3.4 Lists of the Materials

Name of materials Function

Wood Used for the construction of the bed

Plywood Used as base of the bed

Foam Used to make the bed soft and it located to a second layer

Nail Used to fasten the wood

Screw Used to fasten the hinges into the wood

Metal Hinges Used to fold the wood

Paint Used to color the wood

Table 3.4 Lists of the Materials

 24

Construction procedure in development of Four in One Furniture

1. Set the pieces of wood and make a mark or measurement as for plan standard

width and length of the bed furniture.

2. Cut using the cross wood saw.

3. Assemble using the finishing nail and stikwel based on detailed plan.

4. Fabrication of folding bed legs with ball roller wheel with lock.

5. Fabrication of back lock and machine bolts support for the sofa function of bed.

6. Fabrication of drawers and shelves as well as the handle and drawer slides.

7. Sanding of wood bed finish and varnishing.

8. Fixing other fixtures needed to complete the function.

The Respondents

The respondents of this study are 15 households, 15 students taking carpentry

subject, and 5 non- related respondents in carpentry with the total of 35 respondents.

Table 3.6 Respondents of the study

Respondents Number of respondents

Households 15

Students taking carpentry 15

Non related respondent 5

Total: 35
 25

Statistical Formula

To determine the acceptability level of the product, the data are tabulated and

computed and compute the weighted mean using the formula.

∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑤𝑚 =
𝑛

Where:

Wm = weighted mean

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = sum of the product times the frequency

n = the no. of respondents

 26

Chapter IV

Four in One Furniture

This chapter presents involving the statement of the problems wherein the final

product is already stated, the lists of actual materials that are being used, the design of the

Four in One Furniture, the process and procedure on constructing the product, the result

and interpretation of the product, testing and revision and the acceptability level

according to functionality, durability and comfortability of the product.

Design of the Four in One Furniture

The design of the product was caught in the given idea of John Mcneil, James

Hickman and Michael Isheim, the drawer without hardware for installation under bed

year 2003 and other researchers and panelists recommendation together with the research

adviser. The product was then designed to provide innovated furniture wherein it does not

focus on just single furniture with a single function but added another function which was

the single bed transformable to a double bed and have a back rest support to be

transformed to a sofa bed with attached drawer and open shelves. The added features

could provide a comfort and convenience to the users.

The design of the Four-in-One Furniture manifests the single bed, double bed and

sofa bed with drawer and open shelves that is made of wood.

The Four in One Furniture comprises of the following dimensions:

 27

Figure 4.1. Shows the different views of Single bed of the “Four in One Furniture”.
 28

Figure 4.2. Shows the different views of the Sofa Bed with Drawer and Open shelves of

the “Four in One Furniture”.

 29

Figure 4.3. Shows the different views of the Double Bed of the “Four in One Furniture”.
 30

Figure 4.4. Right Side View of Sofa Bed and open shelves of Four in One Furniture with
dimensions.

Figure 4.5 Front View of Sofa Bed with Drawer of Four in One Furniture with
dimensions.
 31

Figure 4.6. Different Views of Sofa Bed with drawer and open shelves of the “Four in
One Furniture”.

Label:

A. Open shelves

B. Back rest Support

C. Foam

D. Handle

E. Drawer

F. Metal hinges

G. Ball type wheel

 32

Design of Four in One Furniture

The design of Four in One Furniture manifests the furniture bed to a

transformable bed such as Single Bed, Double Bed, and Sofa Bed with drawer and open

shelves. It is made of marine plywood and good lumber.

Research and Development (R&D)

The researchers used the Research and Development Method as was being used

in the present study wherein précised activities were conducted to innovate the product.

This method dealt with planning, designing, canvassing and evaluation.

Planning

Table 4.1. Shows the projected and actual days of construction of the Four in One
Furniture.
Projected Actual Days of Construction Actual Days of Construction

30 days 12 Days

Summary of Expenditures

Table 4.2. Shows the summary of expenditures with corresponding materials,

miscellaneous, labor and the total expenses of the product.
Materials Php. 15,350.50

Miscellaneous Php. 100.00

Labor Php. 6,140.20

Total Expenses Php. 21,590.70

 33

Materials, Tools and Equipment

This are the materials, tools and equipment used in the development of “Four in One

Furniture”.

Table 4.3. Tools and Equipments used in constructing the “Four in One Furniture”.
Name of Tools and Tools and equipment Functions
Equipment
Hammer used for striking the nail

Saw Used to cut woods and

plywood

Electric Saw

Electric plane

Screwdriver Used to loosen and

tighten the screw that

used to attach the wood

 34

Push-pull rule used to measure the

width and length of the

bed

Pencil and marker used for marking for

specific guide measure

Tri-square used to measure a right

angle and straight line

Brush used to spread the

varnish

Marking Gauge

Table 4.3. Tools and Equipments used in constructing the “Four in One Furniture”.

Table 4.4. Materials used in constructing the “Four in One Furniture”.

Name of materials Materials Function
 35

Wood used for the

construction of the bed

Plywood used as base of the bed

Foam used to

make the bed soft and

it located to a second

layer

Nail used to fasten the

wood

Screw used to fasten the

hinges into the wood

 36

Metal Hinge used to fold the wood

Paint used to color the wood

Table 4.4. Materials used in constructing the “Four in One Furniture”.

Process involved in Constructing Four in One Furniture

The following figure shows the procedure in construction of the Four in One Furniture.

A. Set the pieces of wood and make a mark or measurement as for plan standard width

and length of the bed furniture.

 37

Figure 4.7. Measuring the wood for the sides of the Four in One Furniture
 38

Figure 4.8. Marking the exact size for cutting using pencil marker and marking gauge.
 39

B. Cut using the cross wood saw and electric saw.

Figure 4.9. Cutting of wood using cross cut saw and electric saw.
 40

C. Assemble using the finishing nail and stikwel based on detailed plan.

Figure 4.10. Fastening and connecting the woods

 41

Figure 4.11. Putting stikwel on wood

D. Fabrication of folding bed legs with ball roller wheel with lock.

Figure 4.12. The Furniture with the ball roller type

 42

E. Fabrication of drawers and shelves as well as the handle and drawer slides.

Figure 4. 13. Fabrication of Drawers

F. Planing of wood bed finish and painting.

Figure 4.14. planing and painting.

G. Fixing other fixtures needed to complete the function.

 43

Figure 4.15. Finishing and the Final Product

Testing and revision of the project

After the construction, the researchers undergo testing and revision of the

product. The completed product was tested for its Functionality, Durability and

Comfortability. As of the different functions of the Furniture, Single Bed and Double

Bed were being tested by the researchers as to the strength of the bed and if the bed

can carry a heavy weighted human. The researchers also tried to take a nap on the

product to assure the Durability of the product and comfortability. Since that the

researchers added a sofa bed, the researchers also tested the back rest supporter if it

was strong enough and unbreakable. As the total inspection, there was no defects on

the product.
 44

Acceptability of the “Four in One Furniture”

The researchers conducted an Evaluation at selected area in Naga City. To

evaluate the product in accordance with its functionality, durability and comfortability,

we included fifteen (15) students in Carpentry, fifteen (15) households and five (5) non-

related students.

Functionality of the “Four in One Furniture”

To determine the acceptability of the product, validation was made in terms of its

functionality.

Based on the results being evaluated, Four in One Furniture was functional

because first, it was easy to transform, operate and manipulate, second, it was

transferable from one place to another place by the used of wheels and lastly, it was

capable of storing things in drawer and open shelves which were not fragile.

Table 4.5. Shows the summary of the acceptability level in terms of functionality of the
product.
Household Student in Non- Overall Interpretation

Functionality carpentry related rating

student

Weighted mean

a. Easy to 4.87 4.93 5.0 4.93 Highly

transform, acceptable

operate and

manipulate

b. Transferable 4.6 4.93 5.0 4.84 Highly

 45

from one place to acceptable

another place

(wheels)

c. Capable of 4.67 5.0 5.0 4.89 Highly

storing things acceptable

which is not

fragile (drawer

and open

shelves)

Average: 4.71 4.95 5.0 4.89 Highly

acceptable

Legend:

Range Verbal Interpretation

4.1 – 5.0 Highly Acceptable

3.1 – 4.0 Moderately Acceptable

2.1 – 3.0 Acceptable

1.1 – 2.0 Moderately Unacceptable

0 – 1.0 Not Acceptable

Table 4.5. Shows the result of evaluation as to Functionality of the product.

Households rated 4.71, students in Carpentry subject rated 4.95, and non- related students

rated 5.0 wherein its interpretation was equivalent to highly acceptable which means that
 46

the product was acceptable for them in terms of its functionality. And the overall rating

was 4.89 and its verbal description was highly acceptable.

Durability of the “Four in One Furniture”

Based on the evaluation results, the Four in One Furniture was durable because of

the following reasons: first, its solidity (parts properly attached), second, can used for a

long period of time, and lastly it was strong enough to carry the user.

Table 4.6. Shows the summary of the acceptability level in terms of durability of the
product.
Durability Household Student in Non- Overall Interpretation

Carpentry related Rating

student

Weighted Mean

a. Solidity (parts 4.87 5.0 5.0 4.96 Highly

properly Acceptable

attached,

attached,

strong and

stable).

b. Can use for a 4.73 5.0 5.0 4.91 Highly

long period of Acceptable

time.

c. Strong 4.87 5.0 4.8 4.89 Highly

enough to Acceptable
 47

carry the user.

Average: 4.82 5.0 4.93 4.92 Highly

Acceptable

Legend:

Range Verbal Interpretation

4.1 – 5.0 Highly Acceptable

3.1 – 4.0 Moderately Acceptable

2.1 – 3.0 Acceptable

1.1 – 2.0 Moderately Unacceptable

0 – 1.0 Not Acceptable

Table 4.6 Shows the result of evaluation as to durability of the product.

Households rated 4.82, students in Carpentry subject rated 5.0, and non- related students

rated 4.93 wherein its interpretation was equivalent to highly acceptable which means

that the product was acceptable for them in terms of its durability. The overall rating was

4.92 and its verbal description was highly acceptable.

Comfortability of the “Four in One Furniture”

Based on the evaluation results, the Four in One Furniture was comfortable

because of the following reasons: first, it gives satisfaction to the user, second, the

furniture was safe to use, third, it gives favourable space to the user (satisfaction when

reclining in bed, and lastly, it gives comfort and relaxation to the user (with the used of

foam).
 48

Table 4.7. Shows the summary of the acceptability level in terms of comfortability of the
product.
Comfortability Household Student in Non- Overall Interpretation

Carpentry related Rating

student

Weighted Mean

a. Gives 4.87 4.93 5.0 4.93 Highly

satisfaction to Acceptable

the user.

b. The furniture 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.93 Highly

is safe to use. Acceptable

c. Gives 4.93 5.0 5.0 4.98 Highly

favorable Acceptable

space to the

user.

(satisfaction

when

reclining in

bed)

d. Gives 4.87 5.0 5.0 4.96 Highly

comfort and Acceptable

relaxation to

the user.

(with the use

 49

of foam)

Average: 4.87 4.98 5.0 4.95 Highly

Acceptable

Legend:

Range Verbal Interpretation

4.1 – 5.0 Highly Acceptable

3.1 – 4.0 Moderately Acceptable

2.1 – 3.0 Acceptable

1.1 – 2.0 Moderately Unacceptable

0 – 1.0 Not Acceptable

Table 4.7 Shows the result of evaluation as to comfortability of the product.

Households rated 4.87, students in Carpentry subject rated 4.98, and non- related students

rated 5.0 wherein its interpretation was equivalent to highly acceptable which means that

the product was acceptable for them in terms of its comfortability. The overall rating was

4.95 and the verbal description was highly acceptable.

Summary Rating Results of the Four in One Furniture

The table below shows the summary of evaluation rating in terms of

functionality, durability and comfortability as rated by households, students in carpentry

and non-related students. Using the legend with the rating scale of 4.1-5 as the highest

(highly accepted) and 0-1 as the lowest (not accepted).

 50

Table 4.8. Shows the summary of overall rating of the acceptability of the Four in One
Furniture.
Acceptability Household Student In Non- Overall Description

carpentry related weighted

student mean

Weighted Mean

1.Functionality 4.71 4.95 5.0 4.89 Highly

acceptable

2. Durability 4.82 5.0 4.93 4.92 Highly

Acceptable

3.Comfortability 4.87 4.98 5.0 4.95 Highly

Acceptable

Average: 4.8 4.97 4.97 4.92 Highly

Acceptable

Legend:

Range Verbal Interpretation

4.1 – 5.0 Highly Acceptable

3.1 – 4.0 Moderately Acceptable

2.1 – 3.0 Acceptable

1.1 – 2.0 Moderately Unacceptable

0 – 1.0 Not Acceptable

Table 4.8 Revealed the summary of evaluation result as rated by household,

student in carpentry and non-related student in terms of functionality, durability and

 51

comfortability. As of the Functionality of the product, it was highly acceptable based on

the gathered results wherein it can easily transform, operate and manipulate, it was

transferable because of the used of wheel and can store things inside the drawer and open

shelves. As to the Durability of the product, it was also highly acceptable based on the

gathered data because the material used was a good lumber, and it was strong enough to

carry the user. As to the Comfortability of the product, it was interpreted as highly

acceptable because it gives comfort and relaxation to the user, and gives favourable

space. The overall rating was 4.92 which mean that the product was highly acceptable.
 52

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consist of summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations

about the study based on the acquired data through analysis and interpretation.

Summary of Findings

The main objective of this study was to develop a four in one furniture that

consist of sofa bed, single bed, double bed, drawer and open shelves. This study is similar

to the ideas and concept of Moshe Mizrahi that invented the combination of sofa bed and

double bed with pivoted backrest and also to John Mcneil, James Hickman and Michael

Isheim invented the drawer without hardware for installation. These studies combined the

two prior studies and add another feature such as open shelves and ball type wheel.

The study made use of Research and Development method (R&D) that deals with

the following procedures; planning, designing, canvassing, and evaluation of the product.

Also guided with the reviewed studies and literature came from different sources. This

method used to validate the acceptability level of the product in terms functionality,

durability, and comfortability.

The result of the conducted evaluation of the product was rated by (15) fifteen

households, (15) fifteen students took carpentry in BISCAST and (5) five non-related

students in carpentry subject in BISCAST for the validation of acceptability of the

product. The obtained total weighted mean for functionality is 4.89 which is highly

acceptable, for durability obtained a 4.92 which is also a highly acceptable .And for
 53

comfortability obtained a weighted mean 4.95 with an interpretation of highly acceptable.

The overall weighted mean for functionality, durability, and comfortability are obtained a

weighted mean 4.92 which means the product was highly acceptable.

Based from the validation of the acceptability of the product among the three

levels (functionality, durability, and comfortability) comfortability is highlighted based

from the data gathered in the respondents which means they convince or believe that the

product is safe to use, gives favorable space, comfort, satisfaction and relaxation to the

user although functionality, and durability are also able to use their intended uses and

functions.

CONCLUSIONS

Based from the result of the data, the Four in One Furniture in terms of

functionality includes the following reasons, easy to transform, operate and manipulate,

transferable from one place to another place, capable of storing things w/c are not fragile

(open shelves and drawer) was highly acceptable. Also highly acceptable in terms of

durability includes the following the furniture has good quality of materials so that it is

strong enough to carry the users from a long period of time. The furniture was designed

to gives favorable space to the users, comfort and relaxation which the product claim its

comfortability.

Recommendations:

From the evaluation conducted by the researchers, the respondent recommends

different sizes of Four in One Furniture in next production. The concept and ideas of the
 54

product can be improved thus, this study is open to recommend for innovation and further

improvement by future researchers.

 55

Bibliography

Fundamentals of furniture and cabinet making by Gregorio T. Amano, Published and

copy right 1987 by Saint Mary's Publishing.1308 P.Guevara St.Sta.cruz,Manila
Furnitures. February 8, 2012.Retrieved from:Americacomesalive.com, July 10, 2017
Mary Bellis.blog.retrievedfrom http://www.thoughtco.com, July10, 2017
MediaWiki .History of bed. May 25, 2016. Retrievedfrom:www.
newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/bed, July 9, 2017
Mentalfloss.com>article>who-was-murphy
Nasser, Farah, "multifunctional furniture for underprivileged communities: a
milestone in sustainable development" (2013).Department of Computer
Graphics Technology Degree Theses.Paper 26.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgttheses/26, July 23, 2017
Nasser, Farah, "multifunctional furniture for underprivileged communities: a
milestone in sustainable development" (2013).Department of Computer
Graphics Technology Degree Theses.Paper 26.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgttheses/26, July 24, 2017
Percy Blandford's favorite woodworking project.1992 by TABS Books
Phil Pendleton copyright 2007-2015.Platformbeds.com/history-of- bed_ep_
58-1html.history of bed, July 9, 2017
The illustrated handbook of upholstery by N.H. Roberts.1st edition,1st printing, copy
1983 by TAB BOOKS INC.Reprinted under Authority of presidential decree
no.285 as amended by P.D nos.400 and 120,National bookstore Inc.701
rizal avenue cor.soler st.

United States Patent. Donald J. Acker.A convertible sofa-bed unit.September 5,

1978 Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/US4110855A,July 29,2017
United States Patent.Luis Armando Quiñones.Bed sofa.June 1, 2004 Retrieved
from http://www.google.com/patents/US6742200B2,July 29,2017
United States Patent.John Mcneil, James Hickman and Michael Isheim.Drawer
without hardware for installation under bed.January 7,2003 Retrieved from
http://www.google.com/patents/US6502256,July .29,2017
United States Patent.Moshe Mizrahi.Combination sofabed-double bed with
pivotable backrest.August 20,1991.Retrieved
from,http://www.google.com/patents/US5107553July 29,2017
 56

APPENDIX A

BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND

TECHNOLOGY
City Of Naga
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

FOUR IN ONE FURNITURE

To the respondent,

The purpose of this validation sheet is to gather information as to the

acceptability of the Four in One Furniture. Your responses will guide the researchers in

identifying the strong and weak points of the project that will lead to its further

improvements.

Name :( optional) __________________________

 Please check if you belong to them.

( ) household

( ) student in carpentry subject

( ) non-related student in carpentry subject

Direction: For every item, please rate by checking the appropriate number.

5 - Highly acceptable (furniture were done with outstanding quality)

4 - Moderately acceptable (furniture were done with high quality)

3 - Acceptable (furniture were done with acceptable quality)

 57

2 - Fairly acceptable (furniture were done but needs improvements)

1 - Unacceptable

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1

1.Functionality

a. Easy to transform, operate and manipulate

b. Transferable from one place to another place

c. Capable of storing things which is not

fragile(drawer and open shelves)

2. Durability

a. Solidity (parts properly attached, attached,

strong and stable).

b. Can use for a long period of time.

c. Strong enough to carry the user.

3. Comfortability

e. Gives satisfaction to the user.

f. The furniture is safe to use.

g. Gives favorable space to the user. (satisfaction

when reclining in bed)

h. Gives comfort and relaxation to the user. (with

the use of foam)

 58

Recommendations/Suggestions:

__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Thank you!

_____________________

Respondent’s Signature
 59

APPENDIX B

Computation of the acceptability level of Four in One Furniture in terms of

functionality, durability and comfortability. With the combine tally of the respondents

compose of one (15) fifteen households, (15) fifteen students in carpentry and (5) five

non-related students.

Criteria Rating Total

5 4 3 2 1

1.Functionality

Easy to transform, operate and manipulate 32 3 0 0 0 35

Transferable from one place to another place 28 7 0 0 0 35

Capable of storing things which is not 30 5 0 0 0 35

fragile(drawer and open shelves)

2. Durability

Solidity (parts properly attached, attached, strong 33 2 0 0 0 35

and stable).

Can use for a long period of time. 31 4 0 0 0 35

Strong enough to carry the user. 32 3 0 0 0 35

3. Comfortability

Gives satisfaction to the user. 32 3 0 0 0 35

The furniture is safe to use. 32 3 0 0 0 35

Gives favorable space to the user. (satisfaction 34 1 0 0 0 35

when reclining in bed)

 60

Gives comfort and relaxation to the user. (with the 33 2 0 0 0 35

use of foam)
 61

APPENDIX C:

Documentation:
62