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Guide
Revision 0
Date 01-Dec-2008
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Depressurisation using Hysys PEC-BMS-EN-GDE-P-2548 0
Revision history
0 1-Dec-2008 Approved
Summary
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Depressurisation using Hysys PEC-BMS-EN-GDE-P-2548 0
CONTENTS
CONTENTS.........................................................................................3
1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................4
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
2. Adiabatic mode: Used to model the blowdown of pressure vessel or piping with
no external heat supplied. This is used to determine the minimum vessel
temperature during non-fire case blowdown.
The use of the Hysys utility is described in this guideline together with a spreadsheet
Blowdown.xls that has been developed to estimate the various input data that is required
for the calculation.
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Valve Valve equation Fisher with 100% valve opening or Masoneilan with
Parameter Cf=1
Operating Mode Fire- API 521 Adiabatic
Condition
Relief Pressure Relief Valve Set Pressure Relief Valve Set
Pressure
Temperature Max. / Min. operating Minimum of ambient
temperature / operating
temperature
De-pressuring 15 minutes Till atmospheric
Time pressure is reached
Prior to carrying out the blowdown / depressurization calculations in Hysys, the following
input data need to be estimated for each blowdown section.
HHLL of the vessel should be used for calculation of initial volume of the
liquid in the vessel.
Horizontal cylinder :
Cross sectional area up to height H can be calculated using following formulae
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The % of liquid filling for piping is calculated as the ratio of liquid - gas actual
volumetric flow rate of the stream considered as obtained from the Material
Balances.
E.g. if the liquid volume fraction is 20% as per the material balance and the
volume of the pipework has been estimated as 10 m 3 then the initial liquid
volume for this section is 2 m3.
The % liquid filling for the tubes of exchangers is calculated as the average of
the ratio of liquid - gas actual volumetric flow rate of the inlet and outlet
streams obtained from the Material Balances.
The Total Weight of metal is calculated as the product of the Volume of metal
and the density of metal (carbon steel density is considered as 7850 kg/m 3).
The Volume of metal for a vessel is calculated as the volume of the outer
cylinder minus the volume of the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder volume
uses the internal vessel diameter. The outer cylinder volume is calculated
using a diameter obtained by adding 2 times the thickness of the wall to the
internal diameter. If the mechanical datasheet for the equipment is available
then the weight of the equipment indicated on the datasheet can be directly
used.
The Weight of metal in contact with Liquid is calculated as the product of the
Total Weight of metal and % liquid filling for Liquid. The Weight of metal in
contact with Vapour is calculated as the product of the Total Weight of metal
and (100% - % liquid filling).
The Equivalent Wall Thickness is calculated as the sum of the product of the
Wall Thicknesses and Internal Volumes of each item divided by the sum of the
Internal Volumes. This thickness is used in Heat flux-detail-conduction-Metal
thickness
Wall thicknesses for piping are obtained from the Piping Project Material
Specifications.
Wall Thickness for vessels are taken from the mechanical datasheet.
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Hysys depressurization utility can accept 4 streams. For more than 4 streams use mixer
block to combine the streams and use the mixer outlet stream in depressurization
utility as feed.
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Go to Heat flux tab and select Fire API 521 as operating mode.
C1=21000 Btu/hr/ft; C2=0.82 ; C3=1 ( Refer the figure given below)
This will use API 521 equation for calculation of heat load in case external fire
Heat load = 21000*F*Aw0.82 Btu/hr/ft2
Heat Loss Model
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Use Fisher with 100% valve opening or Masoneilan flow equation with critical flow
factor equal to 1.
For initial sizing of the valve give some guess value of the Cv.
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The “PV work term contribution” is a coefficient that allows the user to tune the
energy balance equation to reflect the actual behavior. This factor should ideally be
100% to follow the thermodynamic equations, but sometime results did not match the
expected behavior: transients were too rapid, therefore this factor was introduced in
order to tune the models.
This is approximately Isentropic efficiency which is used in the blowdown calculations.
It is a measure of the reversibility of the system. This takes into account the frictional
loss within the blowdown system. Thus a higher isentropic efficiency leads to a lower
minimum temperature on blowdown. In the absence of pertinent experimental data or
publications it is recommended to use 0% (default) in fire case and 100% for gas filled
and 70% for liquid containing systems in adiabatic case for this term.
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As per API 521 the depressuring system shall reduce the pressure of the
equipment within the fire zone to 50% design pressure or 690 kpa whichever is
lower within 15 minutes. As per DEP 80.45.10.10 the depressuring system shall
reduce the pressure of the equipment within the fire zone to 50% design
pressure within 15 minutes.
Use Option “Calculate Cv”
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Important result in fire case depressurisation is peak flow through the valve. This will
be available in Summary of performance tab.
Screen 1 is identical to that for the Fire Case. In addition to the data specified for the fire
case, the metal mass in contact with liquid and vapour must be specified.
For carrying out adiabatic blowdown select the operating mode as Adiabatic from heat
flux model.
Use “Detailed” heat loss model.
Specify vapor recycle efficiency as 1% and Liquid recycle efficiency as 100%. This will
ensure minimum metal temperature.
Specify minimum ambient temperature
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The Conduction parameters allow the user to manipulate the conductive properties of
the wall and insulation.
Specify thickness of metal and insulation in conduction tab. Use default value for rest.
The Convection view allows users to manipulate the heat transfer coefficient for inside
and outside the vessel as well as between vapor and liquid material inside the vessel.
These can be retained as default.
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Use the Cv obtained from fire case in valve parameter tab while keeping the other
parameters same as in Fire case.
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Use “PV work contribution term” 70% for wet sections and 100% gas section.
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In operating condition tab, select the option “calculate pressure”. Increase the
depressurizing time in a step wise manner so that the system pressure close to the
flare back pressure is attained.
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Now run the utility till the final value of the pressure reached. This final pressure will
be backpressure of the flare header.
Minimum vessel metal temperature is the important value in the adiabatic case.
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When equipment is not depressurized immediately after shutdown, the equipment may
cool down before blow down occurs. The start pressure associated with this
temperature will be calculated by performing an isochoric flash (constant volume)
from the normal conditions to the minimum attainable temperature. This minimum
temperature is taken as per project guideline and generally it is equal to minimum
ambient temperature. The pressure associated with this temperature is found out
using isochoric flash. Procedure for this is as follows:
1. Note down the actual volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate of the stream
(Stream-A) which we have used for the adiabatic blow down (stream with
normal operating temperature and pressure).
2. Take one more stream (Stream-B) and specify the composition and mass
flow rate of this stream same as Stream-A
3. Specify temperature of Stream-B equal to minimum ambient temperature
4. Apply adjust block to Stream-B with following setting
Aadjusted variable = Pressure of stream-B
Target variable = Actual volume of stream-B
Specifed target value = Actual volume of stream-A.
5. Final pressure is the start pressure for the adiabatic blow down.
6. Taking this stream as the start point for the adiabatic blow down, follow
the same procedure mentioned in section 4.1 to 4.5.)
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4.7
APPENDIX 1 EXAMPLE
Input Data :
Unit Value
Fire Case
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Mole fraction composition is taken as follows (Based on stream data from Material Balance).
Nitrogen 2.78E-02
CO2 0.208927
H2S 8.49E-02
Methane 0.548892
Ethane 5.11E-02
Propane 2.46E-02
i-Butane 3.04E-03
n-Butane 8.31E-03
i-Pentane 2.20E-03
n-Pentane 3.70E-03
Benzene 1.28E-04
Toluene 3.06E-04
m-Xylene 1.48E-04
p-Xylene 1.48E-04
o-Xylene 1.76E-04
cfc6_1* 3.64E-03
cfc7_1* 2.91E-03
cfc8_1* 2.81E-03
F9_1* 2.73E-03
F10_1* 2.47E-03
F11_1* 1.98E-03
F12_1* 2.76E-03
F14_1* 2.35E-03
F16_1* 2.00E-03
F18_1* 1.72E-03
F20_1* 1.48E-03
F22_1* 1.27E-03
F24_1* 1.10E-03
F26_1* 9.51E-04
F28_1* 8.24E-04
F30_1* 7.15E-04
F32_1* 6.22E-04
F34_1* 5.42E-04
F36_1* 4.73E-04
F38_1* 4.14E-04
F40_1* 3.63E-04
F42_1* 3.18E-04
F44_1* 2.81E-04
H2O 8.95E-04
TEGlycol 1.00E-06
Blowdown study :
Initial Volume and mass calculation (Blowdown.xls spreadsheet developed for for
this calculation )
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Initial
Mass
of
Metal Initial
Actual Actual in Mass of
Liquid vapor Fr Total Initial contact Metal in
Pipe flow flow Liquid Pipe Pipe Diff METAL Liquid with contact
Pipe Dia thk L rate rate Filling ID OD Vol Vol. MASS volume Liq with Vap V*t
inch mm m m3/hr m3/hr mm mm m3 m3 kg m3 kg kg
PIPE-Feed 8 9.52 150 1.3600 13.2 0.093 203 222 0.95 4.9 7,491.28 0.45 699.25 6792.03 0.046309
PIPE-Gas
outlet 10 9.52 100 0.0 13.2 0.000 254 273 0.79 5.1 6,186.86 0.00 0.00 6186.86 0.048239
Pipe Liquid
Outlet 3 4 100 1.4 0.0 1.000 76.2 84.2 0.1 0.5 791.14 0.46 791.14 0.00 0.001824
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Result
140
120
Pressure in bar
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Time in sec
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250000
Mass flow rate in Kg/hr 230000
210000
190000
170000
150000
130000
110000
90000
70000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
time in seconds
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Result :
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30
25
Temperature in Deg C
20
15
10
0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225
time in min
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