Antiemetics

Different types: Anticholinergics

Antihistamines
Phenothiazines
Dopemineatagonist
5HT3-receptor antagonist
Common side effects:
anticholinergics antihistamines phenothiazines dopemineantagonis 5HT3-
Receptor
antagomist

Drowsiness Drowsiness Abnormal face Abnormal face and Constipation

and body body movements
movements
Cnstipation Headache Rhythmic, Drowsiness Headaches
involuntary
movements of
tongue, face
and jaw
Blurred vision Dry mouth Tremor Hyperprolactinaemia Flushing
Flushing Blurred vision Restlessness Injection
site reaction
Dry mouth Urinary sedation
urgency and
retention

Examples:
Anticholinergic Antihistamine phenothiazines dopemineatagonist 5HT3-
receptor
antagonist

Antropine Benadryl Chlorpromazine Amphetamine/ Ondannisetron

dextroamphetamine
 Belladonna Chlor- Fluphenazine Dolasentron
alkaloid tripolinergics
Benxtropine Claritin Mesoridazine Granisetron
mesylate
clidinium Perphenazine tropisentron
Darifenacin promazine

Mechanism of Action:
Anticholinergics-
Anticholinergics are the class of drug that block the transmitter acetylcholine in CNS and PNS.
Anticholinergic drugs combine reversibly with muscarinic cholinergic receptor thus preventing
access of neurotransmitter acetylcholine in these sites.

Antihistamines- in the treatment of allergic diseases is believed to be competitive

antagonism of histamine binding to cellular receptor, which are present on
nerve endings, smooth muscles and glandular ceels.
Phenothiazines- according to the study the mechanism of action of anti psychotic
drug is unknown.
Dopemineantagonist- act directly on postsynaptic dopamine receptor, thus
obviating the need for metabolic conversion, storage, and release. Also
receptor and mediating the antiparkinsonian action of levodopa.
5HT-3 receptor antagonist- are present in several critical sites involved in
emesis, including vagal afferents, the solitary tract nucleus (STN) and the
area postrema itself. 5HT-3 receptor antagonist supress vomiting and nausea
by inhibiting serotonin binding to the 5HT-3 receptors.