BS 6349 Part 1.

2 – Assessment of

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

actions

Steve Osborn
Moving into Practice
Steve Osborn
Atkins Fellow

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 1
Prologue

Why is BS 6349: Part 1.2 “Faulty”?

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
16 February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 2
 Prologue
During public

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

comment, someone
Erroneous
said “The equations
power?

Steve Osborn
for wind and current
area both have 10-4
multipliers, which
converts the
Newtons to tonnes.”

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 3
 Prologue
If we assume that CTW

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

and similar constants
are dimensionless this

Steve Osborn
is true. So we
changed the formula
to this:-

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 4
 Prologue
Except that CTW is not

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

dimensionless, so our
original formulae were

Steve Osborn
right.

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 5
Prologue
So BSI withdrew the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

The moral of this story:-

Steve Osborn
• Perhaps we should trust our judgement more
• Scrutinise the comments very carefully

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 6
Prologue

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

The consequences:-

Steve Osborn
• An important contribution to the industry has been
withdrawn for several months
• Confidence has been disturbed
• Quite a few people (including in China, Africa and
France!) suddenly lost a document they were relying
on

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 7
Prologue

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Revised text has been approved and will
be available very shortly

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 8
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 9
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 10
Layout of the standard
Combinations of actions

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

and structural design

Steve Osborn
Wave and water level
conditions

Actions loads and hydraulic

responses

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 11
Layout of the standard
The main sections of Part 1.2 are:-

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Combinations of actions and structural design
– Which is discussed later in this presentation

Steve Osborn
• Wave and water level conditions
– Also discussed later in this section
• Actions loads and hydraulic responses
• Annexes A to I

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 12
Layout of the standard
Actions loads and hydraulic responses:-

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• In itself is a major section
• Covers hydraulic actions, currents and waves

Steve Osborn
• Ship induced actions such as berthing and mooring
(generally referring to Part 4), but also actions such
as propeller wash
• Earthquakes
• Cargo loadings
• Cargo handling equipment loadings

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 13
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 14
The “Controlling Document”

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Part 1.2 has a major role as the
“controlling document” for all structural

Steve Osborn
design in the BS 6349 series
• It provides the “rules” connecting the codes
describing maritime works facilties to the Eurocodes
that permit the structural design.
• Much as BS 5400 Part 2 used to for Bridges.

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 15
The “Controlling Document”

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
“Material”
Eurocode
e.g. EC3-2
“Actions” and “Controlling”
Code in one.
The revised BS 6349:Part
1.2

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 16
The “Controlling Document”
Contains the tables of partial factors

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 17
The “Controlling Document”
Contains the tables of partial factors

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 18
The “Controlling Document”
Contains the combination formulae

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

In Eurocode 0, the
combination formulae

Steve Osborn
are in 5 separate
tables on different
pages (see following –
actually 10, that’s 5 for
buildings and 5 for
bridges, all on different
pages!!)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 19
The “Controlling Document”
Compare that with finding your way round Eurocode 0

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Showing you only the
building set -

Steve Osborn
Combination formulae
for the EQU set

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 20
The “Controlling Document”
Compare that with finding your way round Eurocode 0
Combination

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

formulae for
the STR/GEO

Steve Osborn
set B

Partial factors are in

an obscure corner of
the tables

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 21
The “Controlling Document”
Compare that with finding your way round Eurocode 0

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Combination
formulae for

Steve Osborn
the STR/GEO
set C

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 22
The “Controlling Document”
Compare that with finding your way round Eurocode 0

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Combination
formulae for

Steve Osborn
seismic and
accidental
actions

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 23
The “Controlling Document”
Compare that with finding your way round Eurocode 0

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Combination
formulae for

Steve Osborn
SLS cases

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 24
The “Controlling Document”
And just to remind you, all 5 tables are here……

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Persistent and
transient

Accidental

Seismic

Construction

SLS
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 25
The “Controlling Document”
Partial factors for Partial factors for Partial factors for
And here! the EQU set A the STR/GEO set the STR/GEO set

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

B C

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 26
The “Controlling Document”
Contains the tables of

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

combination factors
• (More about those when

Steve Osborn
discussing seismic issues)

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 27
The “Controlling Document”
Selection of partial factors now rationalised

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• For most variable actions, partial factors have been set at 1.50.

Steve Osborn
• For elastomeric fenders, typical partial factor has been set at 1.35 –
a reduction
– Because the latest version of Part 4 requires additional load to
allow for tolerances in rubber.
– Not reasonable increase load factors since loads are highly
predictable and more factors are taken into account

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 28
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 29
Sea state and waves

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

This is a very large section:-
• Not possible to highlight everything

Steve Osborn
• However it brings some new approaches

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
16 February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 30
 Sea state and waves
The change in

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

the
introduction is

Steve Osborn
indicative

This is from
Part 1:2000

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
16 February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 31
 Sea state and waves
This is from Part 1.2,

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

2016

Steve Osborn
Includes an immediate
review of the purpose of
obtaining the wave
information

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
16 February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 32
 Sea state and waves
Different information for different

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

purposes, e.g.

Steve Osborn
Open piled structures Breakwaters Mooring analysis

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 33
 Sea state and waves
Immediately kicks off with reminder to

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

choose your method to suit the
requirement:-.

Steve Osborn
• Method of
simplification to suit
what is required
• Is it for near shore or
deeper seas?

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 34
 Sea state and waves
• Climate change – completely new

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Wave characteristics – now more focus on
spectral and non-linear theories (previous heavily

Steve Osborn
based in linear theory)
• Offshore wave climate – new/ updated to focus
more on use of global numerical hindcast
sources rather than empirical hindcasts or
visually observed data
• New sections on joint (dependent) probability

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 35
 Sea state and waves
Much information is now in

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

the Annexes:-
• e.g. formulae for linear wave

Steve Osborn
analysis
• Wave prediction curves

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 36
 Sea state and waves
Much information is now in

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

the Annexes:-
• e.g. formulae for linear wave

Steve Osborn
analysis
• Wave prediction curves

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 37
 Sea state and waves
Much information is now in

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

the Annexes:-
• e.g. formulae for linear wave

Steve Osborn
analysis
• Wave prediction curves
• Shallow water wave transformation
information

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 38
 Sea state and waves
Much information is now in

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

the Annexes:-
• e.g. formulae for linear wave

Steve Osborn
analysis
• Wave prediction curves
• Shallow water wave transformation
information
• Information on wave breaking
processes

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 39
 Sea state and waves
Includes new recommendations for

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

physical model testing

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 40
 Sea state and waves
The assessment of hydraulic

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

actions:-
• Complexity means it is wise to refer to

Steve Osborn
detailed documentation, e.g. by CIRIA et al
• Information on wave formulae are given in
Annex E
• Information on flow induced vibrations etc
also there.

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 41
 Sea state and waves
The assessment of hydraulic

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

actions:-
• Certain formulae for vertical walls now

Steve Osborn
not explicitly quoted.
• e.g. Sainflou formula not displayed, but
accessible via references (e.g.
McConnell, Allsop and Flohr)
• Propeller wash scour issues highlighted
and references available via PIANC

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 42
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 43
The earthquake section
• The plans for finalising this
section were presented last year.

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• The approach of pointing to both

Steve Osborn
Eurocode 8 and AISC 61-14 were
endorsed

• Part 1.2 only goes as far as

defining seismic accelerations

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 44
The earthquake section
Eurocode 8 criteria for “Damage Limitation”

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Taken as the Level 1 earthquake

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 45
The earthquake section
Eurocode 8 criteria for “No collapse”

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Taken as the Level 2 earthquake

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 46
The earthquake section
Eurocode 8 criteria for “No collapse”

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
What is “residual load bearing
capacity”?

Taken as the Level 2 earthquake

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 47
The earthquake section
AISC 61-14 has three
requirements

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

More or less equivalent to
“No collapse”

Steve Osborn
An additional but useful
criterion (relates to PIANC)

More or less equivalent to

“Damage limitation”

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 48
The earthquake section
AISC 61-14 is the most
advanced code dealing with

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

seismic maritime issues

Steve Osborn
Very good for quays and Doesn’t cover retaining
suspended jetties wall type quays

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 49
The earthquake section
The key items in
BS6349 Part 1.2 are:-

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Defines the Level 1 and Level 2
earthquake

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 50
The earthquake section
The key items in
BS6349 Part 1.2

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

are:-

Steve Osborn
Invokes the Eurocode 8
importance classes and
factors

Provides the means to carry out

the controlled and repairable
damage assessment using the
“Performance factor” and
reference to AISC 61-14 where
needed

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 51
The earthquake section
By this means we can invoke both:-

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Eurocode 8

Steve Osborn
• AISC 61-14

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 52
The earthquake section
A word about combination factors

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Factor for quasi-permanent
value of a variable action

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 53
The earthquake section
A word about combination factors

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Magnitude of seismic action
Characteristic value
Quasi permanent value

Magnitude of building personnel loading

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 54
The earthquake section
A word about combination factors

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Magnitude of seismic action
Characteristic value
Quasi permanent value

Magnitude of building personnel loading

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 55
The earthquake section

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

In the Eurocode that explains this:-

Steve Osborn
One assumes that those that designed the Eurocodes chose
these for seismic combinations to provide a suitable joint
probability ------ if only to allow for people not loading the area at
night!

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 56
The earthquake section
Cargo storage areas

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Steve Osborn
Magnitude of seismic action
Load can be expected to have less variation
Characteristic value
Quasi permanent value

Magnitude of cargo storage loading

So need to move the quasi permanent factor up

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 57
The earthquake section

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

This is what the Eurocode did for storage
loadings:

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 58
The earthquake section

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

This is what the BS6349 has done for
cargo areas:-

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 59
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 60
Some interesting additions
Since last year another “tweak” has been
introduced.

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Guidance on bollard/mooring hook

Steve Osborn
loadings with multiple wires

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 61
Some interesting additions
Table 8 gives useful

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

guidance and definition of
scenarios

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 62
Some interesting additions
Guidance on reach

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

stacker loadings

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 63
Some interesting additions
Guidance on rubber tyred

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

gantries

Steve Osborn
BS 6349: “Maritime Works”
13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 64
Contents

• Layout of the standard

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Part 1.2’s function as the “controlling document”

Steve Osborn
• Sea state and waves
• How the earthquake section was finalised
• Some interesting additions
• Summarising

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 65
Summarising

• BS 6349 Part 1.2 now completes the update of

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

Part 1:2000.
• It improves our connection to the Eurocodes

Steve Osborn
• It opens the way to new areas (particularly
seismic and scour)
• It is already making an international impact
– Even though it is presently suspended!!

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 66
Summarising

• Completing the update of Part 1 has been a

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

gargantuan task.
• Even Part 1.2 on its own has been an heroic

Steve Osborn
undertaking.
• Please show your appreciation for the
contributors listed in the next slide

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 67
Summarising
Initial thinking:
 Peter Hunter
 William Allsop
 Peter Hawkes
 Jan De Waal
Hydraulic/ environmental actions:

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

 Terry Hedges
 Simon Burchett
 Dick Thomas Seismic actions:
 Simon Everitt
 Simon Burchett  Steve Osborn
 Giovanni Cuomo

Steve Osborn
Partial factors:  David Smith
 Ian Cruickshank
 Steve Osborn  Jack Pappin
 Gareth Evans
 Adrian Douglas  Ziggy Lubkowski
Operational actions:
 David Smith  Edmund Booth
 Chris Boysons
 Graeme Walker  Ian Smith
 David Veale
Sea-state:  Helge Frandsen
 Mark McBride
 Jo Evans  Iain Tromans
 Roger Allen
 Simon Burchett  Dimitrios Pachakis
 Andy Cook
 John Fenton
 Peter Stebbings
 Mark Calverley
 Peter Beamish
 Dominic Hames

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 68
Summarising
Corporate support

Part 1.2 Moving into Practice

• Aecom
• Arup

Steve Osborn
• Atkins
• CH2M
• Edmund Booth
• HR Wallingford
• Mott MacDonald
• Ramboll
• Royal HaskoningDHV
• WSP/Parsons Brinkerhoff

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 69
 Part 1.2 Moving into Practice
Steve Osborn
THANK YOU

BS 6349: “Maritime Works”

13th February 2017
Advancing on Firm Foundations 70