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CH 1.

2 ISA Symbols

Module Objectives:

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

Sketch the symbols representing three different kinds (pneumatic,


electronic and hydraulic) of transmission line.

State the instrument which a given standard ISA symbol represents,


with respect to its function and mounting location.

Sketch a simple flow sheet using standard ISA symbols, given the
function and location of different instruments and the type of
transmission line connecting them.
What is the International Symbol of Access?

The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA) is one of


the leading process control trade and standards organizations. The ISA
has developed a set of symbols for use in engineering drawings and
designs of control loops (ISA S5.1 instrumentation symbol
specification). You should be familiar with ISA symbology so that you
can demonstrate possible process control loop solutions on paper to
your customer. Figure shows a control loop using ISA symbology.
Drawings of this kind are known as piping and instrumentation
drawings (P&ID).
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INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES

ISA Symbols

To simplify drawings and flow sheets (instrumentation schematics) and


therefore make process loops more easily understandable -
instruments on
drawings which show the location and function of different
devices are
represented by standard symbols.

In North America, a convention based on Instrument Society of


America (ISA) symbols has been adopted. (NB: There are local
variations to some of the symbology).

Line Symbols

Transmission lines which link different instruments are shown in Figure


1.2-2.

Fig. 1.2-2. Symbols for Signal Transmission Lines.

Instrument Symbols

Instruments are identified by circles with lettered codes (two or three


letters) inserted. This lettered code shows the instrument type and
function.

In general, the process that is to be monitored by the instrument is


indicated by the first letter of the coding, for example:

F = Flow

L = Level

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P = Pressure

T = Temperature

The second letter in the coding indicates the function of the instrument,
for example:

FI = Flow Indicator

FC = Flow Controller

LA = Level Alarm

LR = Level Recorder

PT = Pressure Transmitter

TE = Temperature Element

In some cases, when the instrument is used for two purposes or when
the function of the instrument has to be more clearly specified, a third
letter is used, for example:

FIC = Flow Indicating Controller

LAH = Level Alarm High

LAL = Level Alarm Low


TAG NUMBERS
Numbers on P&ID symbols represent instrument tag numbers. Often
these numbers are associated with a particular control loop (e.g., flow
transmitter 123). See Figure

A table of instrument identification codes is given in Table 1.2-1.


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INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES
To distinguish control room mounted instruments from local or field
mounted instruments, a horizontal line drawn across the symbol
diameter of the circle is used.

Process Variable Symbol Type of Instrument Symbol


Analyses A Alarm A
Burner B Users Choice B
Combustion B Controller C
Users Choice C Control valve CV
Users Choice D Trap CV
Voltage V Sensor (primary element) E
Flow Rate F Rupture disc E
Users Choice G Sight or gage glass G
Current (electric) I Monitor G
Power J Indicator I
Time K Control Station K
Level L Light (pilot/operation) L
Users Choice M Users Choice N
Users Choice N Flow Resistance Orifice O
Users Choice O Test point (sample point) P
Pressure / Vacuum P Recorder R
Radiation R Switch S
Speed (or Frequency) S Transmitter T
Temperature T Multifunction U
Multivariable U Valve/Damper V
Vibration V Well W
Weight (force) W Unclassified X
Unclassified X Relay Y
Event Y Driver Z
Position, dimension Z Actuator Z

Table 1.2-1. ISA Instrumentation Codes in Process Control Systems.

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A circle with lettered code only represents a field or locally
mounted instrument.

A circle with a solid line across its diameter and the lettered code
above this line indicates a control room panel mounted instrument.

A circle with a dotted line across its diameter indicates a control


equipment room rack, (i.e. usually behind the control panel),
mounted instrument (See Figure1.2-3).

Fig. 1.2-3. ISA Symbols and the Instrument Location Representation.

Symbol Example

A level loop consists of:


Level transmitter Field Mounted
Level indicator
Level controller Control Room Panel Mounted
Level recorder
High level alarm Control Room Rack Mounted
Low level alarm

The level transmitter is connected directly to the tank and the rest of
the instruments are driven by the level transmitter and used to monitor
and indicate the level in a tank.

Assuming that the signal transmitted is electronic, draw a


representative flow sheet using ISA symbols.

Solution

The loop can be represented by ISA symbols as shown in Figure 1.2-4.


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INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES

Fig. 1.2-4. ISA Symbols Representation of a level Loop.

Table 1.2-2. Instrument Identification Code.

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