Mathematics in the Modern World – UNIT 4

The Normal Distribution

Mathematics & Physics Department

University of Santo Tomas

Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Xandro Alexi A. Nieto
Properties of the Normal Distribution

• The mean, median, and mode are all equal.

• The curve is symmetric at the center (i.e.
around the mean, μ).
• Exactly half of the values are to the left of
center and exactly half the values are to the
right.
• Extends on both directions toward infinity
• The total area under the curve is 1.
Properties of the Normal Distribution
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 140 away from the mean?
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 160 away from the mean?
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 50 away from the mean?
The Z-score

X − mean
= Z − score
SD
𝐙 − 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞
• positive z-score: X is above the mean
• negative z-score: X is below the mean
The Z-score

Which is better?
Two equivalent tests were given to a group.
The tests are designed with different scales.
The results are normally distributed and
summarized below. Which is better, a score of
145 in Test I or a score of 60 in Test II?

Test I: Mean = 100 Test II: Mean = 40

St.Dev.= 15 St.Dev.=5
The Z-score

Which is better?
Juan got 130 in Chemistry and 113 in
Math. If the scores in Chemistry and
Math are normally distributed with
mean of 140 (SD = 5) and
125 (SD = 4), respectively, in what
course did he perform better?
The Z-score

Is a higher z-score
always better?
The Normal Distribution functions
Area Under the Normal Distribution
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟏. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭

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Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟐. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭

Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟑. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭

Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

4. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭

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Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

5. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎

Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

6. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

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Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

7. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐙 < 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟒.

Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

8. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐙 > 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟎𝟎.

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Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

9. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐳𝟏 < 𝐙 < 𝐳𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎.

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Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of a
babies are normally
distributed, with a mean weight
of 3.3 Kg and standard
deviation of 0.6 Kg. What is the
probability that a randomly
selected baby has a
birthweight of:
a) less than 3.0 Kg
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of a
babies are normally
distributed, with a mean weight
of 3.3 Kg and standard
deviation of 0.6 Kg. What is the
probability that a randomly
selected baby has a
birthweight of:
b) more than 4.2 Kg
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of a
babies are normally
distributed, with a mean weight
of 3.3 Kg and standard
deviation of 0.6 Kg. What is the
probability that a randomly
selected baby has a
birthweight of:
c) between than 2.85 and 3.9 Kg
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
The National Medical Admission Test
(NMAT) are scores reported in
standard form, called the General
Performance Score (GPS), and have a
range of 200 to 800, based from the
norm group with mean of 500, and What the percentile rank of the
standard deviation of 100. It was examinee who got a score of 710?
stated, “A GPS score of 539 has a
percentile rank of 65, indicating that
the score belongs to the upper 35%
while 65% of the norm group scored
lower.”
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
The National Medical Admission Test
(NMAT) are scores reported in
standard form, called the General
Performance Score (GPS), and have a
range of 200 to 800, based from the
norm group with mean of 500, and
standard deviation of 100. It was
stated, “A GPS score of 539 has a
percentile rank of 65, indicating that
the score belongs to the upper 35%
while 65% of the norm group scored
lower.”
END OF UNIT 4.3