PVEng Pressure Vessel Engineering Ltd.

ASME Calculations - CRN Assistance - Vessel Design - Finite Element Analysis

Design Conditions
Code: ASME VIII-1 Finite Element Analysis Report - VIII-1
Year: 2007
Addenda: 2009 File: PVEfea-4472.0
MAWP: 1500 psi Desc: Tri-Clamp FEA
MEAWP: 0 psi Dwg: PVEdwg-4472.0
Max. Temp.: 500 °F Date: August 16, 2010
MDMT: -40 °F
MDMT Press.: 1500 psi
Min. Thk. (UG-16b): 0.0625 in
Corrosion Allowance: 0 in
Hydrotest: 2201 psi
Impact Testing: None
Impact Exemption: UHA-51(d)
Radiography: None

UG-22 Loadings Considered

Internal Press.: Yes
External Press.: No
Vessel Weight: No
Weight of Attachments: No
Attachment of Internals: No
Attachment of Externals: No
Cyclic or Dynamic Reactions: No
Wind Loading: No
Seismic Loading: No
Fluid Impact Shock Reactions: No
Temperature Gradients: No
Differential Thermal Expansion: No Author: Cameron Moore
Abnormal Pressures: No Reviewer: Laurence Brundrett
Hydrotest Loads: No

Conclusion: The Tri-Clamp meets VIII-2 design rules

using VIII-1 allowable stresses and is acceptable.

www.pveng.com Pressure Vessel Engineering Ltd.

info@pveng.com 120 Randall Drive, Suite B
Phone 519-880-9808 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2V 1C6
Table of Contents 23-Aug-10 Page 2 of 20

Description Page Description Page

Cover 1 Reaction Area 11
Table of Contents 2 Reaction Forces 12
Executive Summary 3 Displacement 13
Stress Limits 4 Stress 14
Model 5 Clamp Stress 15
Mesh 6 Ferrule Stress 16
Error 7 Stress Linearization 17
Restraints 8 Bolt Stress 18
Loads 9 Component Cycle Life 19
Bolt Loads 10

Revision(s)
Rev Description Date By
0 Release 16-Aug-10 CBM
Executive Summary ver 4.00 Page 3 of 20

Goal:

The Tri-Clamp will be used under ASME VIII-1 service. This product cannot be calculated to code rules
due to the complexity of its geometry. Instead the rules of ASME VIII-2 are used with ASME VIII-1
allowable stresses to determine its acceptability.

Summary Conclusions:

Materials
Material strength properties used in this report are obtained from ASME IID, Table 1A, and are suitable
for VIII-1 components. The rules of ASME VIII-2 are used to set the stress limits.

Model Information
The model used in the analysis represents 1/2 of the Tri-Clamp due to symmetry. A global mesh size of
0.09375" has been applied using 3D tetrahedral solid elements. The mesh size results in a reported error
of less than 5%.

Restraints & Loads

A symmetry restraint is applied to compensate for the use of a 1/2 model. A single point on the clamp is
fixed to prevent rigid body motion in all directions. Internal pressure is applied up to the pressure
boundary and bolt loads simulated with a "bolt connector" feature. The resulting reaction forces closely
match the theoretical reaction forces. The model is in balance and may be used for displacement and
stress analysis.

Results
Through the FEA we found a 0.0009" maximum displacement as acceptable. A 22,817 psi peak stress
results in an infinite cycle life. All general areas are within the allowable stress limits.

Analysis Conclusion:

The Tri-Clamp meets VIII-2 design rules using VIII-1 allowable stresses and is acceptable.
1 Material Stress Limits ver 4.01 ASME VIII-2 Fig 5.1 Page 4 of 20
2 Material Input Chart:
3 500 Temperature [ºF]
4 Material 1 Material 2 Bolting 3 Material 4
5 Material = SA-182 F316L SA-403 316L SA-193 B7
6 Application = Clamps/Ferrules Pipe Caps Bolts
7 Sm [psi] = 14,800 14,800 25,000
8 Sy [psi] = 16,400 16,400 88,500
9 E1 = 1.0 1.0 1.0
10 E2 = 1.0 1.0 1.0
11 E [psi] = 25,900,000 25,900,000 27,400,000
12 v = 0.30 0.30 0.30
13 Coef [/˚F]=
14
15
Cond [btu/hr-ft-˚F]=
16 Pm [psi] = 14,800 14,800 50,000
17 Pl [psi] = 22,200 22,200 0
18 Pl+Pb [psi] = 22,200 22,200 75,000
19 Pl+Pb+Q [psi] = 44,400 44,400 0
20 Material 5 Material 6 Material 7 Bolting 8
21 Material =
22 Application =
23 Sm [psi] =
24 Sy [psi] =
25 E1 =
26 E2 =
27 E [psi] =
28 v=
29 Coef [/˚F]=
30
31
Cond [btu/hr-ft-˚F]=
32 Pm [psi] =
33 Pl [psi] =
34 Pl+Pb [psi] =
35 Pl+Pb+Q [psi] =
36 Comments
37 Variable Descriptions: VIII-2 5.13
38 Sm (basic allowable) E (modulus of elasticity) - IID Table TM-1
39 E1 (weld efficiency) v (Poison's ratio) - IID Table PRD
40 E2 (casting efficiency) Coef (coefficient of thermal expansion) - IID Table TE-1
41 Cond (Thermal Conductivity) - IID Table TCD
42 Stress Limit Equations: VIII-2 Figure 5.1
43 Pm = E1*E2*Sm~~general primary membrane stress intensity limit
44 Pl = 1.5*E1*E2*Sm~~local membrane stress intensity limit
45 Pl+Pb = 1.5*E1*E2*Sm~~primary membrane + primary bending stress intensity limit
46 Pl+Pb+Q = Max(3*E1*E2*Sm,2*E1*E2*Sy)~~primary + secondary stress intensity
47 Pl+Pb+Q+F = Use fatigue curves~~peak stress intensity limit
48 Comments:
49 (1) Sy material property is not required, more conservative Pl+Pb+Q limits might be computed without it.
50 (2) The thermal expansion and conductivity coefficients are only required for studies including thermal stresses
51 (3) Refer to VIII-2 5.15 Figure 5.1 and following for the Pm, Pl, Q and F stress limits
52 (4) Refer to VIII-2 5.14 Table 5.6 for the correct application of the calculated stress limits
53 (5) Use IID tables 5A and 5B for Sm for VIII-2 studies
54 (6) Use IID tables 1A and 1B for Sm values (S) for VIII-1 studies
55 (7) Use B31.1 Table A for Sm values for B31.1 studies
56 (8) Use B31.3 Table A for Sm values for B31.3 studies
1 Model Page 5 of 20
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24 Fig-A An exploded view of the Tri-Clamp assembly.

25 The clamp, ferrules and bolts will be analyzed in this report.
26 Refer to drawing PVEdwg-4472.0 for details.
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50 Fig-B Due to symmetry, a half model will be analyzed. Ferrules have been capped to simulate loads
51 caused by a closed loop system. The nuts and bolts have been replaced by a "bolt connector" feature.
52
1 Mesh Page 6 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of the mesh applied to the model. A global mesh size of 0.09375" is used with second order
25 tetrahedral solid elements.
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50 Fig-B A view of the mesh on the opposite side of the assembly. "No Penetration" contact sets are applied
51 between the two clamp faces and the ferrule to clamp interaction. The caps are treated as bonded to the
52 ferrules.
1 Error Page 7 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of Error plot, capped at 5% error

25 No general areas are observed in excess of 5% . Error results are acceptable, the mesh selected is
26 appropriate.
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52 Fig-B An alternative view of Fig-A.

1 Restraints Page 8 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of the symmetry restraint applied. This condition restrains the
25 sectioned faces to the "XY" plane wile permitting movement in the "X" & "Y" directions. This restraint
26 compensates for the use of a half model and provides results identical to a full model.
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50 Fig-B A close-up of Fig-A.

51 A point is restrained from translation in the Y and X directions. The model is now restrained from rigid body
52 motion in all directions.
1 Loads Page 9 of 20
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24 Fig-A 1,500 psi is applied to all internal faces up to the pressure boundary.
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50 Fig-B A close-up of Fig-A.

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1 Bolt Loads Page 10 of 20
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24 Fig-A Simulated bolt connectors are applied to the clamp. This simulates a bolt using beam elements rather
25 than including the bolt in the model. An axial preload of 1,262 lb has been applied. Refer to the bolt results
26 page for the preload calculation.
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50 Fig-B A "No Penetration" contact set is applied. A friction factor of 0.7 for steel on steel is incorporated.
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1 Reaction Area Page 11 of 20
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24 Fig-A The reaction normal to the XY plane is measured. This area is used to compute the reaction force
25 acting in the Z-direction.
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50 Fig-B The reaction area measured in the Z-direction is 6.977 sq. in. This area will be multiplied by the
51 design pressure to determine the reaction force in the Z-direction.
52
1 Reaction Forces ver 4.08 Page 12 of 20
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24 View showing Global Reaction Forces from analysis 'X' = -0.00158 lb, 'Y' = 0.0078 lb, 'Z' = 10467 lb
25 Calculated Reaction Forces = Analysis Reaction Forces within 2%
26 Model is balanced, results are valid.
27 1,500 P [psi] - Pressure
28 X Axis: reaction forces on the YZ plane caused by loads in the X direction
29 0.000 XArea [in2] - Pressurized area on YZ plane
30 0.0 XForce [lbs] - Added force in the X direction
31 -0.002 XReaction [lbs] - Reaction force in X direction reported by FEA program
32 TReactionX [lbs] = XArea*P+XForce ~~ Theoretical X reaction force 0*1500+0 = 0
33

34 Y Axis: reaction forces on the XZ plane caused by loads in the Y direction

35 0.000 YArea [in2] - Pressurized area on XZ plane
36 0.0 YForce [lbs] - Added force in the Y direction
37 0.008 YReaction [lbs] - Reaction force in Y direction reported by FEA program
38 TReactionY [lbs] = YArea*P+YForce ~~ Theoretical Y reaction force 0*1500+0 = 0
39

40 Z Axis: reaction forces on the XY plane caused by loads in the Z direction

41 6.977 ZArea [in2] - Pressurized area on XY plane
42 0.0 ZForce [lbs] - Added force in the Z direction
43 10467.000 ZReaction [lbs] - Reaction force in Z direction reported by FEA program
44 TReactionZ [lbs] = ZArea*P+ZForce ~~ Theoretical Z reaction force 6.977*1500+0 = 10,466
45

46 Resultant of reaction forces in X, Y and Z:

47 TResultant [lbs] = sqrt(TReactionX^2+TReactionY^2+TReactionZ^2) ~~ Theoretical resultant
48 SQRT(0^2+0^2+10466^2) = 10,466
49 Resultant [lbs] = sqrt(XReaction^2+YReaction^2+ZReaction^2) ~~ Actual resultant
50 SQRT(-0.002^2+0.008^2+10467^2) = 10,467
51 Error [%] = 100*(TResultant-Resultant)/Resultant 100*(10466-10467)/10467 = 0.0
52 CheckError = abs(Error)<2 ~~ Error should be less than 2% ABS(0)<2 = Acceptable
53
1 Displacement Page 13 of 20
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Axial Elongation
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Radial Expansion
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24 Fig-A A view of the displacement plot with superimposed original geometry. Results are magnified 500x.
25 The ferrules elongate axially and displace radially outward. The clamps rotate about the center due to the
26 pulling force of the ferrules.
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Joint separation
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50 Fig-B A alternate view of Fig-A. The maximum displacement is 0.0009". Note the clamp displacement in
51 the bolt head region and joint separation begins to occur. The displacement direction is as expected and the
52 magnitude is acceptable.
1 Stress Page 14 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of the stress plot (von Mises) capped at the primary general membrane allowable of 14,800
25 psi.
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50 Fig-B A sectioned view of Fig-A.

51 `A peak stress of 22,817 psi is located on the clamp face in contact with the ferrule. This stress will be used
52 to determine the cycle life of the design.
1 Stress Page 15 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of the clamp only stress plot (von Mises) capped at the primary general membrane allowable
25 of 14,800 psi.
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50 Fig-B An "ISO Clipped" view of Fig-A capped at 14,800 psi.

51 The only stresses in excess of 14,800 psi are in peak areas. A fatigue life will be based on the maximum
52 peak stress.
1 Stress Page 16 of 20
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24 Fig-A A view of the ferrule only stress plot (von Mises) capped at the primary general membrane allowable
25 of 14,800 psi.
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50 Fig-B An "ISO Clipped" view of Fig-A capped at 14,800 psi.

51 Stresses in the hub region in excess of 14,800 psi will be further analyzed through a stress
52 linearization study on the following page.
1 Stress Linearization ver 2.37 Page 17 of 20
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Stress Classification Line
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24 Fig-A The stress classification line is taken through the ferrule hub. The membrane stress is 2,692 psi
25 and the membrane plus bending stress is 13,376 psi. These stresses are within the allowable limits and
26 are acceptable.
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25,000 von Mises with all Components
28

29 Sn
20,000
30 St
31 15,000 Sh
32
10,000 Tnt
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Stress

34 Tnh
5,000
35 Tth
36 0 von Mises
37 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 Pm
38 -5,000
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Pm+Pb
-10,000
40 Peak
41 -15,000
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Distance i to j
43

44 Stress Check:
45 General Stress Classification
46 SA-182 F316L Material
47 Allowed Actual Check
48 Pm [psi] = 14,800 2,692 Acceptable
49 Pb [psi] = 11,727 4 nodes found on the stress classification line
50 Pl+Pb [psi] = 22,200 13,376 Acceptable 0.1533 units long - cubic spline interpolated to 71
51 Peak [psi] = 17,123 equally spaced nodes.
1 Bolt Stress ver 4.10 Page 18 of 20
2 Tri Clamp Bolt Description
3 Inputs:
4 Preload + Operating Load type
5 UNC Bolt Type
6 1/4 Dia [in] Nominal Bolt Size (UNC)
7 25,000 Sm [psi] Allowable Bolt Stress
8 J:\4000-4999\4400-4499\4472 PVE Tri Clamp\bolt data.csv File Location
9 RDia [in] = PVELookup("BoltDia","Lookup","Root Dia",Dia) ~~ Root Diameter 0.189
10 HDia [in] = PVELookup("BoltDia","Lookup","AF",Dia) ~~ Head Diameter 0.438
11 A [in^2] = (π*RDia^2)/4 ~~cross sectional area (3.142*0.189^2)/4 = 0.028
12 Spl1 [psi] = 2*0.9*Sm ~~ bolt preload stress 2*0.9*25000 = 45,000
13 Spl2 [psi] = 45000/(SQRT(Dia)) ~~bolt preload stress per App. S 45000/(SQRT(0)) = 90,000
14 PL [lb] = if(Spl2<(2*Sm),Spl2*A,Spl1*A) ~~bolt preload force used for fea
15 IF(90000<(2*25000),90000*0.028,45000*0.028) = 1,262
16
Bolt Stresses - All Connectors
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18 80000

19 70000

20 60000
Pm
Stress (psi)

21 50000 Pm+Pb
22 40000 Pm-Pb
23 30000 Max Conn

24 Sm
20000
25 2 x Sm
10000
26 3 x Sm
0
27 1 2

28 Connector

29

30 All connectors are below the allowables

31 Type X Y Z Resultant Connector
32 SF (lb) 0.00 0.00 -0.09 0.09 Shear Force
33 AF (lb) 0.00 1293.90 4.87 1293.90 Axial Force
34 BM (lb-in) -1.58 0.00 0.00 1.58 Counterbore with Nut-1Bend Moment
35 Shear Stress: Maximum Stressed Connector
36 SSx [psi] = SFx/A 0/0.028 = 0
37 SSy [psi] = SFy/A 0/0.028 = 0
38 SSz [psi] = SFz/A -0.09/0.028 = -3
39 Axial Stress: Maximum Stressed Connector
40 SAx [psi] = AFx/A 0/0.028 = 0
41 SAy [psi] = AFy/A 1293.9/0.028 = 46,120
42 SAz [psi] = AFz/A 4.87/0.028 = 174
43 Von Mises - Average Stress Across Bolt: Maximum Stressed Connector
44 σ [psi] = SQRT(((SAx-SAy)^2+(SAy-SAz)^2+(SAz-SAx)^2+6*(SSx^2+SSy^2+SSz^2))/2)
45 SQRT(((0-46120)^2+(46120-174)^2+(174-0)^2+6*(0^2+0^2+-3^2))/2) = 46,033
46 Checkσ = σ<= 2*Sm ~~ ASME Section VIII-2 5.7.2(a) 46033<= 2*25000 = Acceptable
47 Bending Stress: Maximum Stressed Connector
48 M [lb-in] = 1.58 = 2
49 SB [psi] = M*(RDia/2)/((π*(RDia/2)^4)/4) 2*(0.189/2)/((3.142*(0.189/2)^4)/4) = 2,381
50 PmPb [psi] = Max(abs(σ+SB),abs(σ-SB))
51 MAX(ABS(46033+2381),ABS(46033-2381)) = 48414
52 CheckPmPb = PmPb<= 3*Sm ~~ ASME Section VIII-2 5.7.2(b) 48414<= 3*25000 = Acceptable
1
Cycle Life ver 5.10 Page 19 of 20
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Fig-A The 22,817 psi peak stress is used to determine the cycle life. An equivalent alternating stress of
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12,465 psi is calculated which results in an infinite cycle life.
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28 Stress Ranking
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30 2.50E+04
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Stress Differential

32
2.00E+04

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1.50E+04
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35 1.00E+04
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37 5.00E+03
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0.00E+00
39 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
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Rank
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42
43 The above chart represents the top differential von Mises stresses. These stresses are determined according to the
44 equations listed in ASMIE VIII-2 5.5.3.2. Stresses converging to infinity tend to lie at discontinuities and are not used for cycle
45 life calculations.
46 9287 Node - first node of a consecutive set
47 ΔSpk [psi] = vlookup(nodeselect,stressresult,2,False)
48 vlookup(nodeselect,stressresult,2,FALSE) = 22,817
49 Not Linearized Stress result .
50 Table3.F.4CurveA Material coefficient table
51 Series 3xx High Alloy Steels, Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy, Ni-Fe-Cr Alloy, and Ni-Cu Alloy for temperatures not exceeding 800°F
52 Sa <= 28.2ksi, Curve A - Areas not heat, affected (Pl+Pb+Q) range <= 27.2ksi
 Cycle Life ver 5.10 Page 20 of 20
1 Inputs: VIII-2, 5.5.3
2 1.00 Kf - fatigue strength reduction factor
3 14,800 Sa [psi] - material allowable
4 16,400 Sy [psi] - material yield strength
5 500 Tav [°F] - average cycle temperature
6 25,900,000 Et [psi] - modulus of elasticity at Tav
7 Alternating Equivalent Stress: VIII-2, 5.5.3.2
8 Sps [psi] = max(3*Sa,2*Sy) MAX(3*14800,2*16400)
44,400 =
9 Kek = if(ΔSpk<=Sps,1,"Linearize") 1.00
10 Kek = if(Sn1k <= Sps, 1,"ERROR") 1.00
11 Saltk = (Kf*Kek*ΔSpk)/2 (1*1*22817)/2 = 11,408
12 EG [psi] = PVELookup("EgTable","Lookup","Eg","CL_Fig511022A") 28,300,000
13 Se [psi] = Saltk*EG/Et 11408*28300000/25900000
12,465 =
14 Cycles = PVELookup("CL_Fig511022A","CycleLifeLookup",Se) 100,000,000,000
15

16 Stress vs. Cycles

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24 PVELookup("","CycleLifeLookup",Se)
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1.0E+10
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