COURSE: COMPUTER CONCEPTS

ASSIGNMENT # 01

TOPIC: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

SUBMITTED BY: Anas Masood Qureshi

SUBMITTED TO: SIR DASTAGIR ANSARI
DISCIPLINE: IMM-1B
 ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE?

Acc ordi
ng t o fa
ther of
Arti fici
al I ntel
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, Jo h
nM cCa
rthy , it i
s“ Th
es cie
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nd eng
ineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a so

ftware think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide,
and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as
a basis of developing intelligent software and systems.

AIMS OF AI:
 To make reliable problem-solving technology available to a wider audience and
to provide the level of intelligent support that allows rapid generation of Web-
based knowledge applications.

 To achieve the system which behave

expert intelligent behavior, learn,
demonstrate, explain, and advice its
users.

 To make that type of systems which

understand, think, learn, and behave like
humans.
TYPES OF AI:

There are four types of artificial intelligence:

1. REACTIVE MACHINES
The most basic types of AI systems are purely reactive, and have the ability neither to fo
rm memories nor to use past experiences to inform current decisions.

2. LIMITED MEMORY
This Type II class contains machines can look into the past. Self-driving cars do some of
this already

1. THEORY OF MIND
Machines in the next, more advanced, class not only form representations about the wo
rld, but also about other agents or entities in the world. In psychology, this is called “the
ory of mind” – the understanding that people, creatures and objects in the world can hav
e thoughts and emotions that affect their own behavior.

2. SELF AWARE
The final step of AI development is to build systems that can form representations about
themselves

CONTRIBUTIONS OF AI:
Artificial intelligence is a science and technology based on disciplines such as Compu
ter Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering. A major th
rust of AI is in the development of computer functions associat
ed with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and
problem solving

TECHNOLOGIES OF AI:
Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence demonstrated by machines, particularly co
mputers. AI is transforming the way enterprises view business intelligence. Recent studi
es point to a marked increase in the adoption and investment in Artificial Intelligence by
enterprises through the years. Needless to say, the market for AI technology is flourishi
ng with businesses realizing the potential of AI to boost their growth.
Today, AI has spawned various technologies of which some are tested and some are n
ew.

 Machine Learning
The fundamental goal of machine learning is to develop intelligent machines that c
an teach themselves and improve from data without explicit programming or any o
 ther human interference. This latest techn
ology is a top priority for most organizatio
n and business are now investing in it righ
t now to redefine their business edge

 SPEECH
This is the ability of a program to recognize and analyze spoken language words
and phrases and convert them into data. Speech recognition can be applied by an
enterprise for call routing, voice dialing, voice search and speech-to-text processi
ng

 VIRTUAL AGENTS:
Virtual agents are often represented as comput
er-generated AI characters that can lead an int
elligent conversation with users. It can respond
to questions and perform a non-verbal behavi
or. One of the advantages of virtual agents is that customers can receive help 24/
7 and no longer must wait for some call center to open in
the morning.

 LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Used to turn all sorts of data into human readable text. T
his is an underrated, potentially transformative technolog
y with many applications such as automating business int
elligence reports, product descriptions, financial reports, meeting memos and mor
e.The structured data is turned into text at a great speed, written like a human but
at a speed of multiple pages a second.

 EXPERT SYSTEM
An expert system is a computer system that emulates th
e decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert syst
ems are designed to solve complex problems by reason
ing through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if-then rules rather than t
hrough conventional procedural code.
  PLANNING AND
OPTIMIZATION
Many difficult a problem solving require co
mputational intelligence. One of the major
directions in artificial intelligence consists i
n the development of efficient computational intelligence algorithms, like: evolution
ary algorithms, and neural networks. Systems, that operate in isolation or coopera
te with each other, like mobile robots could use computational intelligence algorith
ms for different problems/tasks solvin
g, however in their behavior could em
erge an intelligence called system's i
ntelligence, intelligence of a system

 ROBOTICS
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is
the automation of rule-based tasks. I
t is possible because of scripts and methods that mimic the way humans perform t
asks. Enterprises are currently employing RPA in business areas where it is too e
xpensive and inefficient to employ human workers.

PROS AND CONS OF A

I:

 PROS
▸ With artificial intelligence, the chances of error are almost nil and greater precision an
d accuracy is achieved.
▸ The greatest advantage of artificial intelligence is that machines do not require sleep
or breaks, and are able to function without stopping. They can continuously perform the
same task without getting bored or tired. When employed to carry out dangerous tasks,
the risk to human health and safety is reduced.
▸ Artificial intelligence can be utilized in carrying out repetitive and time-consuming task
s efficiently.

 CONS
▸ One of the main disadvantages of artificial intelligence is the cost incurred in the main
tenance and repair. Programs need to be updated to suit the changing requirements, an
d machines need to be made smarter. In case of a breakdown, the cost of repair may b
e very high. Procedures to restore lost code or data may be time-consuming and costly.
▸ If the control of machines goes in the wrong hands, it may cause destruction. Machin
es won't think before acting. Thus, they may be programmed to do the wrong things, or f
or mass destruction.
▸ Imagine intelligent machines employed in creative fields. Do you think robots can exc
el or even compete the human mind in creative thinking or originality? Thinking machine
s lack a creative mind. Human beings are emotional intellectuals. They think and feel. T
heir feelings guide their thoughts. This is not the case with machines. The intuitive abiliti
es that humans possess, the way humans can judge based on previous knowledge, the
inherent abilities that they have, cannot be replicated by machines. Also, machines lack
common sense.