IP ADDRESS

What is Ip Address
Ip Address is a numerical label assigned to the each
device to participate in network that uses ip for
communication or it is also called logical address
which is generally mandatory for any computer
device to connect to internet.
There are two version of the IP
1. IPV4 it is 32bit address divided in 4 octats (bit
represented in binary in 0 and 1 form and then
binary value divided in 4 octats and converted in
hexadecimal no which is called ip address)
For Ex 198.168.191.1
2. IPV6 it is 128 bit address
Range of ip address is 0 to 255
Class in ip address
Class A 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0 (127.0.0.0) Reserved
for loop back
Class B 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0
 Class C 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239 multicasting puspose
Class E 240 to 255 used for research
How to identify class of the ip
Check first octat only check range and identify
137.34.45.44 = class A
Class A N H H H
Class B N N H H
Class C N N N H
Network bit represented by 1 and host bit by 0

How to find out network id

115.10.11.10(Class A)
115.0.0.0 ( network id)( for finding network id we
have check class of the ip if it is of first class then
keep first octat as it is and made rest three octat 0.
If ip is of second class then keep first two octat as it
is and made 0 rest two octats and so on)
Ex 190.10.10.20(class B)
Network id = 190.10.0.0
Ex 220.20.30.40(Class C)
Network id = 220.20.30.0
how to find subnet mask of the ip address

220.20.30.0(this is third class ip and third class ip

having three network bits and one host bit as we
all know that network id resents by 1 and host id
by 0)
Subnet mask =255.255.255.0

190.20.30.40(class B)
Subnet mask =255.255.0.0

12.20.30.40(class )
Subnet mask =255.0.0.0

Privet ip: it is available free of cost

Public ip: it is need to buy
Reserved privet ips
Class A: 10.0.0.0
Class B: 172.16.0.0 TO 172.31.0.0
Class C 192.0.0.0

156.20.30.40
Calculate network id, broadcast id , no of usable
host
Network id = 156.20.0.0
Broadcast id = 156.20.255.255
Usable host= 2^H-2 (H= total host bit in
network id)= 2^16-2 =65534(no of computer can
be connected)
-2 means two ips can’t be used
2= network id + broadcast id

What is subnetting
Network within a network/ logically division of
ip addresses

Why sub netting is used

Subnetting is used to avoid misuse of ip address
There are three method to avoid wastage of the
ip
1. We start using private ip’s
Which are class A 10.0.0.0 class B 176.16.0.0 to
176.31.0.0 Class C 192.0.0.0
2. We may start using ipv6
3. If I want to use ipv4 then we should start
using subnetting
4. What is subnetting
5. Network within a network/ logically division
of ip addresses

10 20 20

50 4
Router is a internetworking device. So same
network id can’t be given to different interfaces
of the router because router always used to
communicate between two different networks

Suppose you have given 10.0.0.0 to one

interface of the router and you have to connect
10 computer to it
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.3
……… .10
Now this network id can’t be used for another
interface of the router(so how much ips wasted
10^24 -2= more than 1 lack)