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By

Instruction set of
Instruction set of
8086
Microprocessor
8086
Microprocessor
Instruction set of
Instruction set of
8086
Microprocessor
8086
Microprocessor
1

A.Sanyasi Rao
Assoc. Prof,Dept. of ECE
Balaji Institute of Engineering & Sciences
Narsmapet
2
•The sequence of commands used to tell a microcomputer
what to
do is called a program,
•Each command in a program is called an instruction
•8088 understands and performs operations for 117 basic
instructions
•The native language of the IBM PC is the machine language
of the
8088
•A program written in machine language is referred to as
machine
code
•In 8088 assembly language, each of the operations is
described by
alphanumeric symbols instead of 0-1s.
ADDAX, BX
(Opcode)
(Destination operand) (Source operand )
Software
Software
Instructions
Instructions
3
LABEL: INSTRUCTION ;COMMENT
Address identifier
Does not generate any machine code
•Ex.START: MOV AX, BX
; copy BX into AX
•There is a one-to-one relationship between
assembly and
machine language instructions
•A compiled machine code implementation of a
program
written in a high-level language results in
inefficient code
– More machine language
instructions than an assembled
version of an equivalent handwritten assembly
language
program
4

•Two key benefits of assembly


language programming
– It takes up less memory
– It executes much faster
Applications
Applications
•One of the most beneficial uses of
assembly language programming is
real-
time applications.
5
Real time means the task required by the application must
be completed before any other input to the program that will
alter its operation can occur
For example the device service routine which controls the
operation of the floppy disk drive is a good example that is
usually written in assembly language

•Assembly language not only good for


controlling hardware devices but also
performing pure software operations
6
– Searching through a large table of data for a
special
string of characters
– Code translation from ASCII to EBCDIC
– Table sort routines
– Mathematical routines
Assembly language: perform real-time operations
High-level languages: used to write those parts
that are not time critical
Converting Assembly Language
Instructions
to Machine Code
7
•An instruction can be coded with 1 to 6 bytes
•Byte 1 contains three kinds of information
– Opcode field (6 bits) specifies the operation (add, subtract,
move)
– Register Direction Bit (D bit) Tells the register operand in
REG
field in byte 2 is source or destination operand
1: destination
0: source
- Data Size Bit (W bit) Specifies whether the operation will be
performed on 8-bit or 16-bit data
0: 8 bits
1: 16 bits

8
•Byte 2 has three fields
– Mode field (MOD)
– Register field (REG) used to identify the register for the first operand
– Register/memory field (R/M field)
Data Transfer Instructions - MOV
Data Transfer Instructions - MOV
9
Mnemonic
Meaning
Format
Operation
Flags affected
MOV
Move
Mov D,S
(S) (D)
None
Memory
Immediate
Segment Register
Memory
Segment Register
Segment Register
EX
NO MOV
: MOV AL, BL
Destination
Source
Memory
Accumulator
Accumulator Memory
Register
Register
Register
Memory
Memory
Register
Register
Immediate
Memory
Immediate
Seg reg
Reg 16
Seg reg
Mem 16
Reg 16
Seg reg
Memory
Seg reg
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Reads:
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Category:
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(2 Ratings)
dx
equivalent instruction
programming ppt
logical left
far jump
means
shift instruction
three address
(more tags)
dx
equivalent instruction
programming ppt
logical left
far jump
means
shift instruction
three address
modes ppt
aad
left shift
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address move
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even if I have uploaded my file, ******* scribd isn't allowing me to download this good ppt,
******* ******* scribd, **** you
08 / 30 / 2010

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