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“to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and
governments and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty tasks of
liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny”
C CALAMBA
Calamba, Laguna. Rizal was born in this town sometime between 11:30 to midnight on
June 19, 1861. He falls under the astrological sign Gemini but in the Chinese Zodiac he is a
Rooster.
D DAPITAN
Dapitan, Zamboangadel Norte. Place of exile, 1892-1896. The present Rizal Shrine is
part of the beach front estate Rizal acquired using winnings from the lotto.
E ELIAS
Elias is a character in Noli Me Tangereoften interpreted or depicted as Andres
Bonifacio wearing a white camisa de chino and red Kundiman pants. However, Rizal and
Bonifacio had not met by the time the Noli was published in 1887. Rizal is said to have regretted
killing Elias in the Noli.
G GERTRUDE
Gertrude Beckett was the daughter of Rizal’s landlord in London. In her letters to Rizal
she signed herself “Gettie” and referred to Rizal as “Pettie”.
H HEIDELBERG, HITLER
Heidelberg is the university town where Rizal took specialized courses in
ophthalmology in the Augenklinik under Otto Becker. One of his famous poems, “To the
Flowers of Heidelberg” was composed here. One of the enduring urban legends of the
Philippines is that Rizal is the father of Adolf Hitler.
I INDOLENCE
“Indolence of the Filipinos” is one of Rizal’smost anthologized essays. It is a response
to the myth of the lazy native spread by the Spaniards and explains the effects of climate on the
Philippines.
K KABABATA
“Sa akingmgakabata” is a much anthological poem on the beauty of Tagalog allegedly
written when Rizal was eight years old. At best, this poem is attributed to Rizal, at worst it may
not have been written by Rizal at all.
O OPTHALMOLOGY
Rizal specialized in ophthalmology after his medical studies in Madrid to cure his
mother’s failing eyesight. He studied under Louis de Wecker in Paris and Otto Becker in
Germany.
P PACIANO, PASTELLS
Paciano Mercado is Rizal’s elder brother, who inspired and guided Rizal’s life and
career. He translated the Noli in Tagalog. He fought the Spaniards during the Philippine
Revolution and also became a general during the Filipino-American War. Pablo Pastellswas the
Jesuit superior with whom Rizal corresponded from Dapitan on religious and philosophical
issues.
Q QUIROGA, QUIOPQUIAP
Quirogais a character in El Fili and Quiopquiapwas the pseudonym of Pablo Feced, a
journalist known for his anti-Filipino writings.
W WOMEN of MALOLOS
Rizal wrote a lengthy letter to the women of Malolos, Bulacan, who against friar
objections, proposed a night school where they could learn Spanish. The letter was published in
La Solidaridad.
X XEREZ-BURGOS
Manuel Xerez-Burgos, nephew of the ill-fated Fr. Jose Burgos interceded with the
Jesuits when Rizal was not admitted into Ateneo Municipal due to his small stature.
Filipinos and foreigners alike have paid tribute that his place of honor in history is
secure. His Austrian bosom friend, Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rector of the
Imperial Atheneum of Leitmeritz, said that “Rizal was the greatest product of the
Philippines and his coming to the world was like the appearance of a rare comet,
whose brilliance appears only every other century.”Another German friend, Dr.
Adolf B. Meyer, Director of the Dresden Museum who admired his all-around
knowledge and ability, remarked “Rizal’s many-sidedness was stupendous.”
His precocity since early boyhood turned into versatility in later years.
Being curious and inquisitive, he developed a rare facility of mastering varied
subjects and occupations.