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65 वीं BPSC पर ा म शा मल होने जा रहे सभी पर ा थओं को शभ
ु कामनाय Mukharjee
kharjee Nagar, Delhi
RepublicaIAS
Bhandari House, Behind Batra Cinema, Mukahrjee Nagar, Delhi
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GEOGRAPHY
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Profile of Bihar
िबहार का प रचय
(As per Govt. data)
Physical Features
Latitude 24°-20'-10" ~ 27°-31'-15 N
Longitude 83°-19'-50" ~ 88°-17'-40" E
Rural Area 92,257.51 sq. kms
Urban Area 1,095.49 sq. kms
Total Area 94,163.00 sq. kms
Height above Sea-Level 173 Feet
Normal Rainfall 1,205 mm
Avg. Number of Rainy Days 52.5 Days in a Year
Administrative Units
Divisions 9
Districts 38
Sub-Divisions 101
CD Blocks 534
Panchayats 8,406
Number of Revenue Villages 45,103
Number of Urban Agglomerations 14
Number of Towns 199
- Statutory Towns 139
- Non-Statutory Towns 60
Police Stations 853
- Civil Police Stations 813
- Railway Police Stations 40
Police Districts 43
10,40,99,452 (8.6% of
Population
India)
- Male 5,41,85,347
- Female 4,96,19,290
Population (0~6 Years Group)
- In Absolute Numbers 1,91,33.964
96,15,280
89,66,949
- Percentage of Total Population 17.90%
17.75%
18.07%
Literacy
- In Absolute Numbers 5,43,90,254
3,27,11,975
2,16,78,279
- Percentage of Total Population 61.82%
71.2%
51.5%
Decadal Population Growth (2001-
(2001
2011)
- Absolute 2,08,06,128
- As Percentage 25.07%
Madhepura District
Highest Decadal Growth at
(30.65%)
Lowest Decadal Growth at Gopalganj District (18.83%)
- Civil Police Stations 813
- Railway Police Stations 40
Density of Population 1,102 per sq kms
- Highest Density Sheohar, 1882 per sq kms
- Lowest Density Kaimur, 488 per sq kms
Most Populous District Patna: 57,72,804
Least Populous District Sheikhpura: 6,34,927
Sex Ratio (Females/Thousand Males) 916
- Highest Ratio (Gopalganj) 1,015
Educational Institutions
Universities
Aryabhatta Knowledge
nowledge University, Patna.
Patna University, Patna.
Chanakya National Law University, Patna.
Patna
Magadh University, Bodh Gaya.
Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur.
Tilka Manjhi, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur.
Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga.
Kameshwar
shwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, Darbhanga.
Jaiprakash University, Chapra.
Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University, Madhepura.
Vir Kunwar Singh
h University, Arrah.
Nalanda Open University, Patna.
Mazrul Haque Arabi-Farsi
Farsi University, Patna.
Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa.
Engineering Colleges
Bihar College of Engineering
neering Patna University, Patna -.
Bhagalpur College of Engineering Sabour, Bhagalpur -
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Management Institutions
Chandragupt Institute of Management, Patna.
Gaya College (Affiliated to Magadh
Mag University), Gaya, Bihar.
Indian Institute of Business Management Buddh Marg, Patna -
L.N.Mishra Institute of Economic Development and Social Changes, Patna.
Patna Women's College (Affiliated
(Affiliate to Patna University), Bailey Road, Patna.
Shanti Sewa Samiti's Indian Institute of Hotel Management, , Patna -
Medical Colleges
Darbhanga Medical College, Laheriasarai.
Shree Krishna Medical College, Muzaffarpur.
Patna Medical College, Patna.
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur.
A. N. Magadh Medical College, Gaya
Nalanda Medical College, patna.
Katihar Medical College, katihar.
Mata Gujri Medical College, Kshanganj.
Research Institutions
Central Fuel Research Institute, Jalgorda.
Rajendra Memorial Research Institute, Agamkuan, Patna.
Bihar Research Institute, Patna.
K. P. Jaiswal Research Institute, Patna.
Dr. A. N. Sinha Research Institute, Patna.
Darbhanga Research Institute, Darbhanga.
Law Colleges
B.M.T. Law College (Autonomous), Purnia.
T.N.B. Law College,, Bhagalpur.
S.K.J. Law College, Muzaffarpur.
Ayurvedic Colleges
Tibbti College, Patna.
Astang Ayurvedic College, Bhagalpur.
Shiv Kumari Ayurvedic College, Begusarai.
Ayurvedic College, Patna.
Maharani Rameshwari Mahavidyalay, Darbhanga.
Veterinary Colleges
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna.
Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Samastipur.
Other Institutions
Bihar College of Pharmacy, New Bailey Road, Patna - 801 503.
(वैकि पक िवषय )
सवािधक अंकदायी िवषय ; सवािधक अंकदायी दृ ीकोण
कोण
65th BPSC MAINS CALSS & TEST SERIES
By
K. Ashutosh
Online & Offline Test Series: Hindi and English Medium
Start From : 20th October
BIHAR
Bihar is a state in East India, bordering Nepal. It is divided by the River Ganges, which floods its
fertile plains. The name Bihar is derived from the Sanskrit and Pali word, Vihara which means
"abode". The region roughly encompassing
encompassing the present state was dotted with Buddhist vihara, the
abodes of Buddhist monks in the ancient and medieval periods. It is the 13th largest state, with
an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi) and the 3rd largest by population. It is contiguous with
Uttarr Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and
with Jharkhand to the south.
The Mahajanpada
The Buddhist and Jaina literature mentioned that 6th century India was ruled by a number of
small kingdoms or city states dominated by Magadha. By 500 BC witnesses the emergence of
sixteen Monarchies and Republics known as the Mahajanapada.
RepublicaIAS ( Civil Circle)
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Buddhist Literature
1. Vinaya Pitaka: It contains rules and regulations of monks and nuns.
2. Sutta Pitaka: It is a collection of short sermons of Buddha which is further divi
divided into
5 Nikayas.
3. Abhidhamma Pitaka: It contains the meta-physics
meta physics of Buddha. i.e. Religious Discourse
4. Jatakas: It is a collection of short stories related to the previous birth of Buddha.
5. Millindapanho: It contains the conversational dialogues between
between Greek King Menander
and the Buddhist saint Nagasena.
Note: Tripitakas were finally compiled during the fourth Buddhist Council and They were
written in Pali.
Doctrine of Jainism
1. The doctrine is moving around five concept: Satya; Ahimsa; Aparigraha ; Asteya ;
Brahamacharya.
2. Salvation could be achieved by the purification of soul through severe penance and practicing
triratnas.
RepublicaIAS ( Civil Circle)
By: A K Upadhyay
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रपि लकाIAS
ल य 2020
Module class program for IAS & PCS
िव ान एवं ौ ोिगक
(सामा य िव ान के साथ )
ारा
ऐ े .उपा
ऐ.क ाय
RepublicaIAS ( Civil Circle)
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Pre-Maurya
Maurya Dynasties under Magadha Empire
Brihadrath Dynasty
Brihadrath was the earliest known king of Magadha and his name has been memtioned in
Rigveda. According to the Mahabharta and Puranas, Brihadrath was the eldest son of
Vasu, the Kru kind of Chedi.
Chedi Jarasandha was the famous king of the dynasty and was the
son of Brihadrath.
Haryanka Dynasty
Bimbisara was the founder of the dynasty. He expanded the boundaries of his kingdom
through matrimonial alliances. His first wife Kosaladevi was a Kaushal pri
princess, sister of
Prasenjit. His second wife Chellana was a Licchhavi princess and third wife Kshema was
a princess of Madra clan of Punjab.
Ajatshatru was succeeded Bimbisara. It was during his reign that Mahatama Buddha
attained ‘Mahaparinirvana’ and Lord Mahavira died in Pavapuri. First Buddhist
Council was conducted under his patronage. Udayin succeeded Ajatshatru. He founded
the city of Patliputra and made it capital city.
Shishunaga Dynasty
Nanda Dynasty
Mauryan Society
1. Megasthenese divided the Mauryas Society into seven castes: Philospher, farmers,
soldiers, herdsman, artisan, magistrate and councilors. They mentioned that there
was no existence of slavery but it is contradicted by other Indian sources.
2. Kautilya recommended the recruitment of vaishayas and shudras in the army but
their actual enrolment is extremely doubtful. He refers the existence of four castes.
3. The position of shudra improved somewhat for hitherto agricultural labourers and
domestic slaves. They could own their land.
Chandragupta Mauryarya was the founder of the Maurya Dynasty. There is an ambiguity on
the origin of the Maurya for example Brahmanical tradition states that they are born
of Mura,, a shudra woman in the court of Nandas; according to the Buddhist tradition
tradition,
they are from Kshatriya
triya clan called Mauryas living in the region of Gorakhpur
adjoining the Nepalese terai.
Ashokan Inscriptions
Inscription is bases of the reconstructed history of Ashoka which are classified
into: Major Rock Edicts; Minor Rock Edicts;
Edicts Separate Rock Edicts; Major Pillar
Edicts; and Minor pillar Edicts
These inscriptions are found
und in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In these
inscriptions, Ashoka refers to himself as “Devanampiya piyadasi” which means “dear
to God”.
The name of Ashoka occurs only in copies of a Minor Rock Edicts I found at the three
places in Karnataka and at one in Madhya Pradesh.
They appeared in Aramaic language and Kharoshthi Script in north-western western part of
the sub-continent.
continent. In Afganistan, they were written in both Aramaic and Greek Scripts
and languages.
Gupta Empire
This dynasty signifies the establishment of second empire in ancient Indian History.
Gupta succeeded in n bringing major parts of India under a unified administration to a great
extent. The difference between Gupta empire’s and Mauryan empire’s administration was
that in the Mauryan administration and power was centralised but the in the Gupta
administration,, powr was more decentralised. Inscriptions state that the Sri Gupta was the
first king.
The Gupta Empire is referred to as the Golden Age of India because of the extensive
inventions and discoveries in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, li
literature,
logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy that illuminated the elements of
Hindu Culture.
The Gupta Empire came into power in around 275 AD. It marked the end of 500 hundred
years of domination of the provincial powers and resulting disquiet that began with the
fall of the Mauryas.
Gatotkacha Gupta
• He succeeded Srigupta.
• He also took the title of Maharaja.
araja.
• All the power was concentrated with the king. Often an element of divinity was attached to the
kings.
• The king adopted the titles of such as Paramveshvara, Maharajadhiraj and
Parambhattaraka. Kingship was as hereditary but there was no a firm of primogeniture.
• The Gupta rulers has organised a huge army.
• Forced labour or Vishti was also practised in royal Army.
• The king acted as the fountainhead and decided all disputes in general, punishments were lig
light
and mild.
• A council of ministers and civil officials assisted the king
• The most important officers in the Gupta Empire were the Kumaramatyas.
The Pala Empire was a Buddhist supreme power in ancient India. The kingdom was
focused around present-day
day Bangladesh and eastern India. The Palas had introduced a
time of soundness and thriving in the Bengal-Bihar
Bengal Bihar area. They were the supporters of
the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools of Buddhism. They have made numerous
extraordinary temples and works of art, which also included the Somapura Mahavihara.
The prestigious universities of Nalanda and Vikramashila prospered under their support.
The business and social impact of the Palas came to far and wide, with exchange systems
and scholarly contacts
tacts traversing over the Himalayas to South-east
South east Asia. The Arabs
recorded them as the most considerate rulers in India.
Pala Rulers
Gopala:
The first Pala ruler, Gopala, was the son of a warrior named Vapyata. The Ballala
Ballala-
Carita states that the Palas were
were Kshatriyas, a case emphasized by Taranatha in his
History of Buddhism in India and in addition Ghanaram Chakrabarty in
his Dharmamangala (both written in the 16th AD). The Ramacharitam likewise bears
witness to the fifteenth Pala emperor, Ramapala, as a Kshatriya. Gopala's realm was
enormously extended by his child Dharmapala and his grandson Devapala.
Dharmpala:
He was the Pala ruler who defeated by the Pratihara ruler Vatsaraja. Later, the
Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva defeated Dharmapala as well as Vatsaraja.
Vatsaraja. After Dhruva left
for the Deccan area, Dharmapala assembled a forceful domain in the northern India. He
crushed Indrayudha of Kannauj, and introduced his own particular chosen one
Chakrayudha on the throne of Kannauj. A few other littler states in North
North India likewise
recognized his suzerainty. Before long, his extension was checked by Vatsaraja's child
Nagabhata II, who vanquished Kannauj and headed out Chakrayudha. Nagabhata II then
progressed up to Munger and defeated Dharmapala in a battle. Dharmapala
Dharmapala was
compelled to surrender and to look for organization together with the Rashtrakuta
emperor Govinda III, who then interceded by attacking northern India and vanquishing
Nagabhata II. Dharmapala picked up control over North India after Govinda III lef
left for
the Deccan. He revived the title Paramesvara Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja
Maharajadhiraja.
Dharmapala was succeeded by his son named Devapala.
Devpala:
He is viewed as the most powerful Pala king. His endeavors brought about the intrusion
of Pragjyotisha where the lord submitted without giving a battle and the Utkala whose
ruler fled from his capital city. The engravings of his successors additionally guarantee a
few other regional triumphs by him, however these are profoundly misrepresented. After
the death off Devapala, the Pala Empire slowly began breaking down. Vigrahapala, who
was Devapala's nephew, relinquished the throne after a brief rule, and turned into a
Narayanpala:
Amid his rule, the Rashtrakuta lord Amoghavarsha defeated the Palas. Energized by the
Pala decrease, the King Harjara of Assam accepted majestic titles and the Sailodbhavas
set up their energy in Orissa. Naryanapala's son Rajyapala ruled for no less than 12 years,
and developed a few public utilities and elevated temples. His son Gopala II lost Bengal
following a couple of years of rule, and afterward ruled just Bihar. The following
ruler, Vigrahapala II, needed to hold up under the intrusions from the
the Chandelas and the
Kalachuris. Amid his rule, the Pala domain broke down into littler kingdoms like Gauda,
Radha, Anga and Vanga. Kantideva of Harikela likewise expected the
title Maharajadhiraja,, and set up a different kingdom, later ruled by the Chandr
Chandra lineage.
The Gauda state was ruled by the Kamboja Pala tradition.
Mahipala:
Mahipala I recouped northern and eastern Bengal inside of three years of ascended the
throne in 988 AD. He additionally recouped the Northern part of the present
present-day
Burdwan division.
vision. Amid his rule, Rajendra Chola I of the Chola Empire much of the
time attacked Bengal from 1021 to 1023 AD with a specific end goal to get Ganges water
and simultaneously, succeeded to humble the rulers, obtaining significant goods. The
rulers of Bengal
ngal who were defeated by Rajendra Chola were Dharmapal, Ranasur and
Govindachandra, who may have been feudatories under Mahipala I of the Pala Dynasty.
Rajendra Chola I defeated Mahipala. Mahipala additionally picked up control of north
and south Bihar, presumably
resumably supported by the intrusions of Mahmud of Ghazni, which
depleted the quality of different rulers of North India. He may have likewise vanquished
Varanasi and encompassing zone, as his siblings Sthirapala and Vasantapala embraced
development and repairs
pairs of a few hallowed structures at Varanasi. Later, the Kalachuri
king Gangeyadeva added Varanasi subsequent to defeating the ruler of Anga, which
could have been Mahipala I.
Rampala:
In the wake of picking up control of Varendra, Rampala attempted to resuscitate the Pala
realm with restricted achievement. He ruled from another capital at Ramavati, which
remained the Pala capital until the administration's end. He diminished assessment,
advanced development and built open utilities. He brought Kamarupa and Rar under his
control, and constrained the Varman lord of east Bengal to acknowledge his suzerainty.
He likewise battled with the Ganga ruler for control of present-day
present day Orissa; the Gangas
figured out how to add the area strictly when his passing. Rampala
Rampala kept up inviting
relations with the Chola lord Kulottunga to secure backing against the common enemies:
the Ganas and the Chalukyas. He held the Senas under wraps, however lost Mithila to a
Karnataka boss named Nanyuadeva. He likewise kept down the forceful
forceful outline of the
Gahadavala ruler Govindacharndra through a wedding organization together.
Rampala was the last powerful Pala ruler. After his death, defiance broke out in Assam
amid his son Kumarapala's rule. The rebellion was squashed by Vaidyadeva
Vaidyadeva, yet after
Kumarapala's death, Vaidyadeva for all intents and purposes made a different kingdom.
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Bihar Sub-Inspector
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Slave Dynasty
During slave rule, the local ruler were independent but they gave taxes to the rulers
because they had control over Maner-Bihar
Maner Bihar Sharif, Bhojpur, Gaya, Patna, Munger,
Bhagalpur, Santhal Pargana, Nalanda, Lakhisari and Vikramashila.
Tughlaq Dynasty
The invasion of Gayasuddin Tughlaq created chaos in the region because some local
king like Harisingh fled from the region, some rulers like Sunar Gaon King Gyasuddin
Bahadur revolted and defeated, and some rulers showed friendly gesture. But after all
chaotic situation created by invasion, Tughlaq Dynasty resurrects the ruling condition and
made Ahmad Governor of Tirhut region.
Some Tughlag coins have been found from Tirhut that shows the ruling control over the
region. It also provides valuable information on tax collection as land tax which was
called Kharaj.. During Tughlaq rule, Darbhanga was called as Tughlaqpur and also
during this time, Bihar name was given. Malik Ibrahim was the most capable ruler of
the Tughlag Dynasty in Bihar.
Noohani Dynasty
It came into existence after political changes in the Delhi when Sikandar Lodhi ascended
on the throne.
rone. He made Dariya Khan Lohani as an administrator of Bihar who was an
able administrator. Bahar Khan Lohani followed him and declared as independent ruler
by adopting the title of ‘Sultan
Sultan Mohammad’.
Mohammad’
Jalal Khan,, who was a son of Sultan Mohammad sworn as a ruler under the protection
of Farid Khan or Sher Khan.
Khan. Farid khan led the invasion in Bengal and successfully
defeated and hence, he was given the title of ‘Hazrat-e-Ala’.
Cher Dynasty
This dynasty was emerged after the decline of Pala dynasty and established
established a powerful
state in Bhojpur, Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Palamu district.
Sur Dynasty
The Golden era of Medieval Bihar was in zenith point during the rule of Sher Shah
Suri. Before being called as Sher Shah, he was known as Farid Khan.. He took the title
of Sher Shah Sultan-e-Adil
Adil after the victory in the battle of Chausa.
Diwane Rishalat
Mughal Dynasty
Bihar was ruled
led by this dynasty after the advent of Akbar the Great,, the Mughal
Empire. Munim Khanam was made Governor of Bihar and in 1780, Bihar was declared
as a province
ince of Mughal Empire.
Empire
Aurangzeb had made his grandson Azim as Subedar of Bihar who rebuilt Patliputra and
renamed it Azimabad. Farrukshiyar was the first Mughal ruler who sworn in Patna.
With the decline of Mughal, Bihar was ruled by Nawab of Bengal who allowedallowed trade to
flourish. Some of the greatest fairs (Mela) of sub-continent
sub continent like Sonepur Mela were
allowed to continue because it invites traders from far and near that will helps in
economic prosperity.
Central Administration
The Tarikh-i-SherSher Shahi (History of Sher Shah), by Abbas Khan Sarwani
Sarwani, provides
detailed citations about Sher Shah's administration. As a skilled and proficient
administrator, Sher Shah divided the empire into provinces, but held the central authority
of administration with him and he exercised the
the power for the benefit of the people.
Provincial Administration
The empire was divided among 47 separate units called Sarkars which were further
subdivided into Parganas.
Officers included the Munsifs-
Muns for revenue collection, The Amirs- to hear the Civil
Cases, The Qazis or Mir-i-adals-
Mir heard the criminal cases and the Muqqadams
Muqqadams- to
chase and arrest the culprits.
The administrative structure of each pargana included its individual law- law-keeper
called Ami,, treasurer and account keepers.
The Sarkar (higher administrative units), had officers like Shiqdar-I-Shiqdaran
Shiqdaran and
a Munsif-I-Munsifan who supervised the work of the paragana officers.
Rotation of officers across Empire was planned to keep a check on their performance.
The rotation would occur every 2-3 2 years.
Important places of the Kingdom, under Sher Shah were connected by excellent roads
for smoother military and trade movement. The longest of the roads, was called
the Sadak-e-Azam or the "Badshahi
" Sadak"" (which the british renamed as ""Grand
Trunk Road") ") and exists till date.
Local Administration
Sher shah improved the law and order situation by making the local people responsible.
He appointed two persons with equal rank at Paragana and Sarkar levels,
levels, which divided
the supervisory functions and hence ensured the stability of power.
At the local level there were village panchayats and Zamindars who were responsible for
settling disputes and punishing the guilty. They reported to the qazi in each sstate.
The network of roads restored by Sher Shah includes roads from Sonargaon in
Bangladesh to Indus in the west. He also orderd the connectivity of roads from Lahore
and Multan, Agra, Jodhpur, Chittor and with the ports in Gujarat.
For the convenience of travelers, sarais or inns were built roughly at every eight
kilometers along the roads. The government maintained them from the revenues of
surrounding villages.
The Sarais were also the centres for post (dak chowki) that helped keep Sher Shah in
being informed
formed about the minutest activities in the Empire.
Military Administration
The empire had a large standing army of cavalry, infantry, elephants and artillery.
Soldiers were recruited daily by dispensing their tribal levies.
Set up a system of Dagh i.e. branding for his horses to ensure they are not replaced by
inferior horses.
The descriptive roll of soldiers i.e. huliya was maintained for the same reason.
He strived to keep his army efficient.
Sur Architecture
Monuments built during the reign of Sher Shah include:
1. Rohtas Fort (UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pakistan)
2. Several structures in the Rohtasgarh Fort in Bihar
3. Masjid in Patna in honor and rememberance of his reign-
reign Sher Shah Suri Masjid
4. A new city of Bhera was built in Pakistan in 1545 AD which incorporated the ''Grand
Sher shah Suri Masjid".
5. A mosque at Purana Quila Delhi called the Qila-i-Kuhna mosque was built in 1541
AD.
6. Humayun citadel whose construction began in the 1533 AD, and was extended, along
with the building of Sher Mandal, (octagonal structure within the Purana Qila compl
complex),
which Humayun used as a library.
Sher Shah Suri is also referred as Sher Khan or the Lion King administrator of medieval
India. His administration included a blend of old institutions and new spirit to serve the
interest of the people.
1. Battle of Buxar (22nd October, 1764) was the divisive victory of British East India
Company that defines British as a ruler. It was fought between British Forces
under Hector Munro,, and combined army of Mughals under Shah Alam II II, Mir
Qasim (Nawab of Awadh), and Shuja-ud-daula (Nawab of Bengal).
1. The revolt was started in Deoghar (now in Jharkhand) district at the headquarters
of 32nd Infantry Regiment on 12th June, 1857. Two British ish officers Lt. Norman Leslie
and Sergeant Dr Grant were in this revolt. But the revolt was crushed by McDonald.
2. On 3rd July, revolt was started in Patna under Pir Ali who was book seller in which
British Opium trader Dr Lyell was killed that cost the life of seventeen people who were
hang by British.
3. The revolt at Danapur Cantt. marked the widespread beginning of revolt in Bihar on
25th July, 1857 but the Maharajas of Darbhanga, Dumrao and Hatwa and their fellow
landlords helped the British with man-power
man power and money in crushing the revolt.
4. Babu Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur was the most notable figure of revolt who wrote a
glorious chapter in the history of India’s First War of Independence. He actively led a band
of armed forces of 4000 soldiers and recorded victories in many battles. He successfully
occupied Arrah on July, 1857 and later with the help of Nana Saheb defeated British
forces at Azamgarh.
Bihar was one of the active participants of the revolts and movement of freedom struggle against
British atrocities.
Wahabi Movement
The movement was inspired by the Abdul Wahab of Saudi Arabia and Shah Waliullah
of Delhi.
Haji Shariyatlluah was its main leader and Patna was the centre from 1828 to 1868.
Revolutionary Movement
A branch of Anushilan Samiti was established in Patna by Sachindranath Sanyal in
1913 and Bankimchandra Mitra of BN College was given responsibilities to lead the
organisation.
Champaran Satyagarha
It was started in 1917 and was the M.K Gandhi’s first Satyagraha Movement ((first Civil
Disobedience Movement).
Movement
Rajkumar Shukla and Raam Lal Shah had invited M.K Gandhi too look after the
system of Tinkathiya which means the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of the total
land.
M.K Gandhi was accompanied by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Brajkishore Prasad, Acharya
Kriplani, Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Mahadeo Desai, C. F. Andrews, H. S.
Pollock, Raj Kishore Prasad, Ram Nawami Prasad, Shambhu Sharan and
Dharnidhar Prasad.
Movement forced the British Government to form committee i.e. Champaran
Committee to make enquiry against the atrocities. M.K Gandhi was the member of the
committee andnd he convinced that authority on the atrocities perpetuated under
the Tinkathiya System,, so it should be abolished and compensation is given to the
peasants.
5. It was the first victory of Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience battle.
battle
Non-Cooperation Movement
1. Itt was started by M.K Gandhi in the backdrop of Jalliawalan Bag Massacre Khilafat
Movement and Rowlatt Act. Act
2. In August 1920, the Bihar Congress meets under the presidentship of Dr. Rajendra
Prasad passed the non-cooperation
cooperation resolution which was introduced
introduced by Dharnidhar
Prasad and Shah Mohammad Zubair.
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad constituted the committee on the movement with Shah
Mohammad Zubair and Mazhar-ul-Haq.
Mazhar
4. M.K Gandhi inaugurated ‘Bihar
‘ National College’ and its building ‘Bihar
Bihar
Vidhyapeeth’ in February ry 1922.
5. Mazhar-ul-Haq started the newspaper i.e. Motherland in September 1921 to
disseminate the Hindu-Muslim
Muslim Unity and Gandhian Ideology.
Ideology
6. Prince of Wales (British) visited in Bihar which was opposed by the Congress.
Swarajist Movement
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Bhandari House, Behind Batra Cinema, Mukahrjee Nagar, Delhi
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Simon Commission
1. For boycotting Simon Commission, All Party Meeting was organised
ised in the
leadership of Anurah Narayan Sinha.
Sinha
2. Commission reached Patna on 12th December, 1928.
Boycott Movement
1. It was a movement of boycotting of foreign goods and adoption of desi
desi-goods.
2. In Bihar Congress committee started campaign of popularising
popula Khadi through Magic
lantern to reach villages and carried signature campaign.
( कि पक िवषय )
(वै
K. Ashutosh
Highlights:
Geography of Bihar
Geographical Structure of Bihar:
The Geographical Structure of Bihar is embedded with younger geological
geological structure in
the North by Dharwarian rocks and older in the South by quaternary rocks. As far as the
physiological structure is concern, Bihar is consists of Terai in the North-
North-West, Gangetic
Plain in the centre and Plateau in the Southern region. Here,
Here, we are giving brief outline of
Geographical and Physiological Structure of Bihar which will be helpful for the aspirants
as revision capsule to those who are preparing for the competitive examinations like
BPSC and other state level examinations.
Geology of Bihar
The Geology of Bihar corresponds the balance picture of the term geology because it is
consists of younger (Tertiary Period) and older formation of rock (Pre-Cambrian
(Pre Cambrian period),
and the plain was formed by filling up of a vast trough by the heavy loads of detritus
carried by swiftly flowing rivers down the Southern slopes of newly uplifted Himalayas.
Chhotanagpur Plateau
2. They are made up of sandstones, alluvium, conglomerate, coarse
gravel etc.
Physiography of Bihar
th
Bihar is 13 largest state of India in terms of geographical area and constitutes only 2.86
% of the total land of India.
Physiographical Division of Bihar
Bihar is divided into three physiographic units on the basis of physical and structural
conditions i.e. Shiwalik Range; Bihar Plain; and Southern Plateau Region.
Shiwalik Range
This range shadows the state from Northern part of West Champaran district over an area
32 km long and 6-8 8 km wide and it is divided into sub-divided
sub divided into three parts on the
basis of variation:
1. Ramanagar Doon
2. Someshwar Range
3. Harha Valley
Bihar Plain
It is located between Northern
thern Mountains and Southern Plateau region which is bounded
by 150m contour line in the North as well as in the South. This plain is sub
sub-divided into
two parts on the basis of characteristics:
1. Northern Plain: It is located in East & West Champaran (Terai area with higher
elevation), and Chaurs of Samastipur, Begusarai, Saharsa and Kathihar districts. Region
is drained by Saryu, Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla-Balan,
Kamla Balan, Kosi and Mahanadi
and their tributaries
2. Southern Plain: It is narrow than northern plain
plain of Bihar and triangular in shape
because many hills are located in this region such as hills of Gaya, Rajgir, Giriak, Bihar
Sharif, Sheikhpura, Jamalpur and Kharagpur hills.
Southern Plateau Region
It is located between Kaimur districts in the West to Banka in the East. It is made up of
hard rock’s like gneiss, schist and granite. This region blessed with many conical hills
which are made up of batholim like Pretshil, Ramshila and Jethian hill.
Physical Features
Latitude 24°-20'-10" ~ 27°-31'-15" N
Longitude 83°-19'-50" ~ 88°-17'-40" E
Rural Area 92,257.51 sq. kms
Urban Area 1,095.49 sq. kms
Climate of Bihar
Bihar has continental climate with four distinct seasons. Northern part of the state
experiences cooler compared to Southern part due to nearness to the Himalayas; Eastern
part experiences humid climate due to nearness to the Himalayas while Western part have
dry weather due to continental effects. Hence, the climate of Bihar is also
also called
as ‘Modified Monsoon Climate’.
Climate’
Seasons in Bihar
1. Cold weather season (December
(Decem to February): It is characterised by low
temperature, light northerly winds, clear skies and low humidity.
2. Hot weather season (March to May): Temperature ranges from 29 degree Celsius
in the east to 40 degree Celsius in the west. The temperature in
in the east declines due to
Nor’wester shower impact.
3. Southwest monsoon (June to September): The burst of monsoon in Bihar is
generally associated with the sudden arrival of intense cyclonic storms with thunder,
lightning and torrential rain. It happen due
due to the low pressure develops over the plain
while high pressure develops over the Northern Bay of Bengal Sea.
4. Retreating southwest monsoon (October to November): This monsoon is locally
called ‘Hathiya Nakshatra’ because it gets incessant rain causingg floods.
Soils in
i Bihar
Types of Soil Area Properties of the soil
Balthar Kaimur Sandy, calcareous, yellow
Tal Patna and Munger Heavy soil
Terai Champaran and Sandy, calcareous, brown and light yellow
Kishangunj
Bhangar Patna, Gaya and Rohtas Acidic and rich in lime
Khadar Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Drank brown and fertile
Saharsa, Dabhanga and
Bhagalpur
Bal Sundari Saharsa, East and West Lime and alkaline
Chamaparan
The drainage pattern of Bihar is trellis and dentric due to physical condition.
Ganga
It is the main river of Bihar that enters into the state from Chausa which formed the
boundary of Bhojpur and Saran district.
Tributaries: Gandak, Bagmati, Kosi, Kali, Sone, Karmanasa and Punpun
Mahatama Gandhi Setu was built to connect North Bihar with the rest of Bihar and
made part of national highway 19 (NH19).
Ghaghra / Saryu
It originates from Nampa of Nepal
Nepal and enters in Bihar at Gopalgunj and joins River
Ganga at Chhapra.
It is sacred river for both Hindus and Buddhist.
Gandak
It originates from the north of Dhaulagiri in Tibet near Nepal and enters into the Indian
Territory near Treveni town in Nepal.
Burhi Gandak
It originates at Someshwar Hills and flow parallel to the Gandak River and enters in
Bihar from Chautarwa Chaur near Bisambharpur in the district of West Champaran.
It flows through West Chamaparan, East Chamapran, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur
and Begusarai.
It joins River Ganga at Khagaria.
Bagmati
It originates from Shivpuri range of hills in Nepal and enters in Bihar at Shorwatia
village in Sitamarhi.
It flows from Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Samastipur.
It is perennial river of Bihar. Lalbakia and Lakhendei
La are its tributaries.
It meets Kosi River at Badlaghat.
Kamla
It originates from Mahabharta range of Hills in Nepal near Sindhuliagarhi.
It enters in Bihar from Jainagar town of Madhuabani district. Kamala Barrage has
been constructed by the State Government near Jainagar town.
Dhauri, Soni, Balan and Trisula is the main tributaries.
Mahananda
It originates from Sikkim and enters into Bihar from Purnia.
It forms in its upper course an important eastward linguistic boundary between the
Bengali and Hindi-speaking
speaking area.
Balason, Ratwa and Kankai are the main tributaries.
It joins the Ganga in Nawabgunj district of Bangladesh.
Sone
It originates from Amarkantak Hills in Madhya Pradesh and joins
oins the Ganga at
Maner.
Rihand and the North Koel are the main tributaries.
Anicut at Dehri and Indrapuri Barrage is built to check the flood.
Kosi
It is known as ‘sorrow of Bihar’.
It is also known as 'Saptakoshi' for its seven upper tributaries.
It enters the Indian Territory near Hanuman Nagar in Nepal and joins the Ganga River
near Kursela in Kathihar district.
district
Punpun
It originates from Hazaribagh Plateau and joins the River Ganga Fatuha.
RepublicaIAS ( Civil Circle)
By: A K Upadhyay
Bhandari House, Behind Batra Cinema, Mukahrjee Nagar, Delhi
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Phalgu
Niranjana is anotherher name of the river.
It is a sacred river for Hindus and Buddhists. As per Hindu belief, pindadan or religious
ceremony is performing at the bank of river to the salvation for the dead from the cycle
of rebirth.
Mohane is the main tributary of the river.
Karmanasa
It originates from Rohtas Plateau and joins river Ganga near Chausa forming Uttar
Pradesh- Bihar border for a long distance.
Main tributaries: Durgavati, Chandraprabha, Karunuti, Nadi and Khajuri
Kakolat Waterfall
1. Located about 33 km away from Nawada.
2. The water cascades from a height of 160 feet.
feet
3. Legend connected with the waterfall is that Treta Yug king was cursedd to take the shape of a
python and live at the falls here according to the Hindu mythology. When Pandavas visited the
place during their time of exile, the python king got rid of the curse and after that the King
proclaimed that any person who takes the bath
bath in the waterfall would never be reborn as a snake.
Durgawati Waterfall
1. It is situated near Kaimur hills in the Kaimur district of Bihar.
2. It is famous for scenic beauty and water cascades seem like enchanting spell of relief. It has
boating, swimmingming and fishing facilities.
3. Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary is located near the waterfall.
Telhar Waterfall
1. It is situated near BT Road in Kaimur District of Bihar.
Spring Location
Satdhara Kund Rajgir
Surya Kund Rajgir
Makhdum Kund Rajgir
Brahma Kund Rajgir
Nanank Kund Rajgir
Lakshman Kund Munger
Rameshwar Kund Munger
Gaumukh Kund Munger
Sita Kund Munger
Rishi Kund Munge
nge
BIHAR ECONOMY
According to the new series of data on Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP), the growth rate of Bihar’s economy in 2017-18
2017 18 was 11.3 percent,
increasing from 9.9 percent a year before.
The Per Capita GSDP in 2017-
2017 18 are — Rs. 42,242 (current prices) and Rs.
31,316 (constant prices, 2011-12).
2011 12). Growth rate of different sectors:
The sub-sectors
sectors that contribute most to the overall economy of Bih
Bihar are:
Among the sub- sectors, air transport is seen to have grown at a very high
rate of 35.2 percent.
STATE FINANCES
The primary deficit of the state government was 2.9 percent of GSDP in
2017-18.
Located in the eastern part of India, Bihar has an area of 93.6 lakh hectares,
accounting for nearly 3 percent of the country’s
country’s total geographical area.
Primarily, the climate is sub-
sub tropical. The cropping intensity in the state:
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Bhandari House, Behind Batra Cinema, Mukahrjee Nagar, Delhi
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ENTERPRISES SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
The road transport has grown annually by 12.9 percent and airways by 35.2
percent. Between 2004-05
2004 and 2016-17,
17, Bihar was at the sixth position in
terms of additional construction of NH and SH, and at fifth position in the
context of other roads. Bihar was at the third position, after Kerala and West
Bengal, in terms of road length per hundred sq. km. of geographical area. As
on September, 2018, the total length of NH was 4917 kms., SH was 4006
kms.
Darbhanga has been included under UDAN-II Scheme.
In case of rural tele-density,
density, Bihar is at the second lowest position among
major states of India, with 44 connections per 100 people.
Bihar appears at second position from top in terms of urban tele tele-density,
after Kerala.
ENERGY SECTOR
1. Coal-based
based thermal power: 81.9%
2. Hydro power: 12.3%
3. Renewable energy: 5.8%
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
The state accounts for 8.6 percent of India’s total population, but it has only
3.1 percent of country’s total urban population.
populatio
Level of Urbanisation in Bihar: 11.3% (2011). Patna accounts for 14 percent
of state’s urban population, followed by Gaya, which has a share of 4
percent. Under the SMART City Mission scheme, four cities of Bihar
(Patna, Bhagalpur, Biharsharif and Muzaffarpur)
Muzaffarpur) have been selected.
In the first phase of the Patna Metro Rail Project, a total length of 16.94 kms
has been proposed for the East-West
East West Metro Corridor (Danapur to Mithapur
via Bailey Road and railway station).
The Credit-Deposit
Deposit (CD) ratios in Bihar in 2017-18
2017 18 was the highest for
Cooperative Banks (86.9 percent), followed by the Regional Rural Banks
(52.3 percent) and Scheduled Commercial Banks (38.8 percent). The CD
ratio is highest for Purnea (71.6%) and lowest for Bhojpur
Bhojpur (28.5%).
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
60th Annual Lalit Kala Akademi Award winner from Bihar: Tabassum Khan
Bihar Diwas was celebrated on March 22nd across the state to commemorate the day
when Bihar was carved out of the Bengal Presidency in the year 1912. March 22nd 2019
was the 107th foundation day of the state. Bihar Diwas was first celebrated on a large-
scale in 2010. Bihar Diwas was the brainchild of then chief minister Nitish Kumar.
The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index 2018 report is prepared by the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development
Initiative. Bihar with more than half its population in poverty was the poorest state in
2015-16.
The four poorest states Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh were still
home to 196 million MPI poor people, which was over half of all the MPI poor people in
India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has laid the foundation stone for the Mandal Dam Project
on the North Koel River.
River. The Mandal Dam Project would be boon for the states of
Jharkhand and Bihar.
The Mandal Dam project will help around one lakh eleven thousand hectares of
agricultural land in Jharkhand and Bihar to get irrigation facilities. 24 MW of electricit
electricity
will also be produced.
The project threatens to submerge the portions of the Palamau Tiger Reserve and Betla
National Park.
North Koel River originates on Ranchi plateau in Jharkhand and joins the Sone River, a
few miles north-west
west of Haidarnagar in Jharkhand.
Jharkhand. The river meanders through the
northern part of Betla National Park. The principal tributaries of the North Koel River are
Auranga and the Amanat.
The Department of Post has issued a Commemorative Postage Stamp on Rajkumar
Shuklainin New Delhi on 18th December 2018. The stamp was released as a tribute to the
contribution made by Rajkumar Shukla in the launch of Champaran Satyagraha in the
year 1917.
Union Government has signed $200 million loan agreement with Asian Development
Bank (ADB) for Bihar State
Stat Highways III Project (BSHP-III). III). It will finance widening
and upgrading of about 230 kms state highways in Bihar to all-weather
all weather standards with
road safety features.
Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar unveiled 70-feet tall statue of Lord Buddha at
Rajgirin Nalanda district of state. It is second tallest statue of Buddha in the country. The
statue has been installed above 16 metre radius pedestal in middle of lake Ghora Katora.
It has been made from 45,000 cubic foot pink sand stone. Ghora Katora is natural lake
surrounded by five hills. The area around lake and statue has been developed into
beautiful park from eco-tourism
tourism point of view. In this area no petrol and diesel vehicles
will be allowed to ply and only electronic vehicles will be allowed.
January 2019
Bihar posted the highest rise in state GDP in 2017-18
2017
Bihar and Andhra Pradesh led the pack among States in terms of GDP
growth in financial year 2017-18,
2017 18, clocking 11.3% and 11.2% growth,
respectively, compared with the national GDP growth of 6.7% for the year,
according to a report by Crisil. Highlights of the Report • According to the
report, 12 of the 17 general category States grew faster than the national
growth rate.
The growth th was not equitable, with the gap between the per capita incomes
in lowincome and high-income
high income States widening over the last five years. • In
fiscal 2018: (a) Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat were top top-rankers in
terms of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)
(GSDP) growth among the 17 nonnon-
special States considered in our analysis. (b) Jharkhand, Kerala, and Punjab
were at the bottom. • The combined fiscal deficit of States crossed the 3% of
GSDP threshold, in both fiscals 2016 and 2017. • This improved in fiscal
2018
018 to 3.1%, but this was still higher than the FRBM limit.
352nd anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh
On January 13, 2019, the 352nd birth anniversary of the 10th Sikh Guru,
Guru Govind Singh ji, was celebrated as Prakash Utsav at Patna Sahib, in
Bihar, the birth
irth place of Guruji. • The main function was organised at
Takhat Sri Harmandir Sahib Gurdwara, Patna Sahib.
Guru Govind Singh ji was the creator of Khalsa Panth. • The 10th Sikh
Guru was a spiritual leader, philosopher, poet and master warrior.
He is considered
sidered as the eternal guru by his followers because of his
contribution to Sikhism. Note:
PM released commemorative coin of RS. 350 on Sikh Guru Gobind Singh
in New Delhi On January 13, 2019.
Postage Stamp on Rajkumar Shukla
Prime Minister
nister has laid the foundation stone for the Mandal Dam Project on
the North Koel River.
February 2019 .
Sushil Kumar Modi presented the state budget of Rs 2,00,501 crore for the
Financial Year 2019-20.
20.
Bihar has finished with highest growth rate among all the states by size of
this budget at Rs 2 lakh crore
crore is nine times more than the budget of 2004
2004-05.
The maximum allocation of Rs 34,799 crore is made to the Education
Sector.
Rs 2,958.77 crore allocated for Rural Development and Rural Works
Department. Note: Download Bihar Budget Summary Here
Bihar government
ment announced Mukhya Mantri Vriddha Pension Yojana
March 2019
To commemorate Bihar's
Bihar's separation from Bengal Presidency in 1912. 2.
Investment approval for 1320MW Buxar Thermal Power Project in Bihar
got Cabinet approval
Cabinet approved the Investment approval for 2X660MW Buxar Thermal
Power Project in Buxar, Bihar with an estimated cost
cost of Rs.10439.09 cr.
The project will be implemented by SJVN Thermal Private Limited.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2018
India’s poverty rate has shown a drastic decrease in 10 years, from 55% to
28% in accordance with the 2018 global Multidimensional
Multidimensional Poverty Index
(MPI).
The index has shown that, in the years between 2005-06
2005 06 and 2015
2015-16, 271
million people are moved out of poverty in India. Highlights of the Report
Apart from the huge progress, India is still home to the highest number of
MPI pooror comprising 364 million poor in 2015-16.
2015
According to the report Bihar was the poorest state in 2015-
2015-16, with more
than half its population in poverty.
The four poorest states of India according to the report are Bihar, Jharkhand,
Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya
Madh Pradesh.
RepublicaIAS ( Civil Circle)
By: A K Upadhyay
Bhandari House, Behind Batra Cinema, Mukahrjee Nagar, Delhi
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April 2019
For a malnutrition-free India
According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (NFHS)-4, India has
unacceptably high levels of stunting, despite marginal improvement over the
years.
In 2015-16,
16, 38.4% of children below
below five years were stunted and 35.8%
were underweight.
India ranks 158 out of 195 countries on the human capital index.
Lack of investment in health and education leads to slower economic
growth. Ambitious goals
The aim of the National Nutrition Strategy
Strategy of 2017 is to achieve a
malnutrition-free
free India by 2022.
The plan is to reduce stunting prevalence in children (0-3
(0 3 years) by about
three percentage points per year by 2022 from NFHS-4
NFHS 4 levels, and achieve a
one-third
third reduction in anaemia in children, adolescents
adolescents and women of
reproductive age. • In terms of geographical regions, Bihar (48%), Uttar
Pradesh (46%) and Jharkhand (45%) have very high rates of stunting, while
States with the lowest rates include Kerala, and Goa (20%).
• Bihar Lokayokta: Shyam Kishore Sharma
May 2019.
The concept of SCS emerged in 1969 when the Gadgil formula (that
determined Central assistance to states) was approved.There is no provision
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Fagu Chauhan was administered the oath of office by Chief Justice of Patna
High Court Amreshwar Pratap Shahi at the Raj Bhavan in Patna.
Motihari- Amlekhgunj petroleum pipeline
5th Dharma-Dhamma
Dhamma Conference was held in Rajgir, Bihar from 27 27-28 July
2019. 5. Bihar Government launches drive to make Bihar anaemia
anaemia-free
Health Minister of Bihar launched the ' Anaemia Mukt Bihar ' campaign at
Kanya Madhya Vidyalaya in Gardanibagh.
The campaign is organised by State Health Society (SHS) w with technical
support from UNICEF, is aimed at bringing down anaemia cases in the state
by 15% by 2022.
As per national family health survey-4
survey (NFHS-4) 4) conducted in 2015
2015-16,
63.5% children in Bihar are anaemic against the national average of 58%.
Drinking
g water in 11 districts of Bihar under ‘Neer Nirmal Pariyojana’ by March 2020
Eleven districts of Bihar are likely to get clean drinking water supply by
March 2020 under ‘Neer Nirmal Pariyojana’, which is a World Bank
Bank-funded
project.
The scheme was launched
launched in UP, Bihar, Assam and Jharkhand.
The project started in Bihar in October 2017 with an estimated cost of
Rs1606 crore.
Beltron to develop IT Park at Bihta, Patna
लोक शासन
इितहास
समाजशा
PRE: 12
Current Affairs
FULL TEST - 12 A
Roll number
INSTRUCTION
Q4. The 201919 Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Q8. Which one is the first State in
will be held on which city India to implement 10% quota for
(a) Varanasi economically weak in general
(b) Kanpur category
(c) Ahmedabad (a) Bihar
(d) Surat (b) Gujarat
(c) Punjab
Answer: (a) Varanasi (d) Maharashtra
Answer: (b) Gujarat
Q5. Which State Government recently
decided to exit from the Centre’s Q9. India's first National Film
Museum opens in
Q57. World Press Freedom Day is Q62. Which player wins the Orange
observed on Cap in IPL 2019
(a) 3rd May (a) David Warner
(b) 5th May (b) Jonny Bairstow
(c) 8th May (c) Andre Russell
(d) 11th May (d) Rohit Sharma
Answer: (a) 3rd May Answer: (a) David Warner
Budget Highlights
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar for 2019-20 20 at current prices is
estimated to be Rs 5,72,827 crore, which is 5% higher than the revised estimate for
2018-19.
Total expenditure for 2019-20
2019 20 is estimated to be Rs 2,00,501 crore, a 5% increase
over the revised estimate of 2018-19.
2018 In 2018-19,
19, as per the revised figures, the
expenditure is estimated to increase by Rs 13,928 crore (7.9%)
(7.9%) over the budgeted
estimate.
Total receipts (excluding borrowings) for 2019-20 20 are estimated to be Rs 1,79,849
crore, an increase of 11.9% as compared to the revised estimate of 20182018-19. In 2018-19,
total receipts (excluding borrowings) are estimated to remain same as the budgeted
estimate (Rs 1,60,735 crore) for the year.
Revenue surplus for 2019-20
2019 20 is targeted at Rs 21,517 crore, or 3.76% of the
GSDP. Fiscal deficit is targeted at Rs 16,101 crore (2.81% of GSDP).
Sectors such as agriculture and allied
allied activities (24%), police (16%) and health and family
welfare (14%) saw the highest increase in allocations. Allocation to energy and
education decreased by 23% and 4%, respectively.
Policy Highlights
Education: Rs 35,942 crore has been allocated towards Education. The amount for
providing a cycle to every student under the Mukhyamantri Balak-Balika
Balak Balika Cycle Yojana
has been increased from Rs 2,500 to Rs 3,000. The amount provided for uniform for
female students under the Mukhyamantri Balika Poshak Yojana in class 9 to 12 has been
increased from Rs 1,000 to Rs 1,500.
Health: Construction of 11 new medical colleges will be initiated in 2019
2019-20 by the
central government and the state government. Rs 5,540 crore has been approved for
increasing the capacity of the
the Patna medical college hospital to 5,000 beds, and
increasing the student enrolment capacity to 250.
Agriculture: Rs 1,692 crore has been allocated towards the recently announced
Mukhyamantri Harit Krishi Sanyantra Yojana. Rs 1,430 crore has been alloca
allocated as
agricultural input subsidy for farmers in drought-prone
drought prone regions in 24 districts of the
state. Further, the Krishi Input Agrim grant has been increased from Rs 6,000 to Rs
8,000 to promote organic farming in the state.
Bihar’s Economy
Economy: The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar (at current prices) has
grown at a rate of 10.9% during the period 2011-12
2011 12 to 2016
2016-17.
Sectors: In 2017-18,18, the sectors of Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Services
contributed to 23%, 15%, and 62% of the State Gross Value Added (GSVA). GSVA by a
sector denotes the contribution of that sector to the state’s economy. In the same year,
these sectors grew by 6.1%, 4.1%, and 17.9% respectively.
Per capita GSDP: The per capita GSDP of Bihar in 2017-18
2017 18 (at current p
prices) was Rs
42,242. This is 12.7% higher than the figure for 2016-17
2016 17 (Rs 37,478).
% change % change
2017-18
18 2018-19 2018-19 from BE 2019-20 from RE
Items
Actuals Budgeted Revised 2018-19 to Budgeted 2018-19 to
RE 2018-19 BE 2019-20
Total Expenditure 1,36,427 1,76,990 1,90,919 7.9% 2,00,501 5.0%
A. Receipts (except
1,18,867 1,60,735 1,60,735 0.0% 1,79,849 11.9%
borrowings)
B. Borrowings (gross) 11,771 20,520 20,520 0.0% 21,736 5.9%
Total Receipts
1,30,638 1,81,255 1,81,255 0.0% 2,01,585 11.2%
(A+B)
Revenue Surplus 14,823 21,312 9,355 -56.1% 21,517 130.0%
As % of GSDP 3.04% 4.13% 1.72% 3.76%
Fiscal Deficit 14,305 11,204 25,132 124.3% 16,101 -35.9%
As % of GSDP 2.93% 2.17% 4.62% 2.81%
Primary Deficit 5,251 440 14,368 3161.9% 5,378 -62.6%
As % of GSDP 1.08% 0.09% 2.64% 0.94%
Note: BE indicates Budget Estimate, RE indicates Revised Estimate.
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Expenditure in 2019-20
% change % change
2017-18 2018-19
2018 2018-19 from BE 2019-20 from RE
Item
Actuals Budgeted Revised 2018-19 to Budgeted 2018-19 to
RE 2018-19 BE 2019
2019-20
A. Capital
4.9% 7.2%
Expenditure 33,803 40,251 42,222 45,270
of which Capital
4.6% 8.0%
Outlay 28,907 32,417 33,897 36,593
B. Revenue
8.7% 4.4%
Expenditure 1,02,624 1,36,740 1,48,696 1,55,231
Total
Expenditure 7.9% 5.0%
1,36,427 1,76,990 1,90,919 2,00,501
(A+B)
C. Debt
0.0% -1.2%
Repayment 4,654 7,326 7,326 7,236
D. Interest
0.0% -0.4%
Payments 9,054 10,763 10,765 10,723
Debt Servicing
13,707 18,090 18,091 0.0% 17,959 -0.7%
(C+D)
Note: Capital outlay denotes expenditure
exp which leads to creation of assets.
Sources: Bihar Annual Financial Statement 2019-20;
2019 PRS.
Sector-wise
wise expenditure in 2019-20
2019
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2017- % change
2018-19
19 2018-19 2019-20
18 from RE
Budget provisions for
Sector 2018-19 to
201
2019-20
Actuals Budgeted Revised Budgeted BE 2019-
20
· Rs 14,353 crore has been
Education -4% allocated towards the Sarva
24,833 33,411 37,385 35,942
Shiksha Abhiyan.
· Rs 5,900 crore and Rs 4,950
crore have been allocated
Rural towards Pradhan Mantri Awas
11%
Development 17,600 24,075 24,471 27,095 Yojana (Rural) and Swachh
Bharat Mission (Rural),
respectively.
Water
· Rs 620 crore and Rs 390
Supply,
crore have been allocated for
Sanitation,
5% Smart Cities Mission and
Housing and 7,609 18,763 19,848 20,744
Swachh Bharat Mission
Urban
(Urban), respectively.
Development
Social · Rs 3,153 has been allocated
Welfare and 4% to the Integrated Child
9,897 8,326 12,138 12,586
Nutrition Development Scheme.
· Rs 32.2 crore has been
allotted towards the Crime and
Police 16% Criminal Track
Tracking Network &
6,006 7,548 7,984 9,286
System (CCTNS) for effective
policing.
· Rs 1,905 crore has been
allocated towards National
Health and
Health Mission and Rs 335
Family 14%
6,182 7,564 8,025 9,157 crore has been allocate
allocated
Welfare
towards Ayushman Bharat
Scheme.
· Rs 5,106 crore has been
Energy -23% allocated towards power
11,236 9,864 11,486 8,795
companies.
· Rs 5,536 crore of capital
Transport 4%
6,804 7,856 8,055 8,360 outlay has been allocated
% change % change
2017-18 2018-19
2018 2018-19 from BE 2019-20 from RE
Item
Actuals Budgeted Revised 2018-19 to Budgeted 2018
2018-19 to
RE 2018-19 BE 2019
2019-20
Salaries 16,941 20,232
,232 20,339 0.5% 23,358 14.8%
Pensions 14,293 15,829 15,829 0.0% 18,458 16.6%
Interest
9,054 10,763 10,765 0.0% 10,723 -0.4%
Payments
Committed
40,289 46,825 46,933 0.2% 52,539 11.9%
Liabilities
Sources: Bihar Budget Summary 2019-20;
2019 PRS.
Receipts in 2019-20
The total revenue receipts for 2019-20 20 are estimated to be Rs 1,76,748 crore, an
increase of 11.8% over the revised estimate of 2018-19.
2018 19. Of this, Rs 38,606 crore (21.8%
of the revenue receipts) will be raised by the state through its own resources. Rs
1,38,141 crore (78.2% of the revenue receipts) will be devolved from the centre in
the form of grants and the state’s share in central taxes. In 2019-20,
20, own revenue and
central transfers are expected to be 9% and 13% higher than the revised estimate
estimates of
2018-19, respectively.
% change % change
from BE from RE
2017-18
18 2018-19 2018-19 2019-20
Item 2018-19 2018
2018-19
Actuals Budgeted Revised Budgeted
to RE to BE
2018-19 2019
2019-20
State's Own Tax 31,002 0.0% 9.0%
23,136 31,002 33,800
State's Own Non-Tax 3,507 4,446 4,446 0.0% 8.1%
4,806
State's share in
76,172 0.0% 17.0%
Central Taxes 65,083 76,172 89,122
Grants-in-aid from
46,431 0.0% 5.6%
Centre 25,720 46,431 49,019
Total Revenue
1,17,447 1,58,051 1,58,051 0.0% 11.8%
Receipts 1,76,748
Borrowings 20,520 0.0% 5.9%
11,771 20,520 21,736
Other receipts 1,421 2,684 2,684 0.0% 15.6%
3,101
Total Capital
23,204 0.0% 7.0%
Receipts 13,191 23,204 24,837
GST Revenue
Bihar’s total GST revenue (including central transfers) is estimated to be Rs 52,273 crore in
2019-20
20 (29.6% of the revenue receipts). This includes Rs 3,500 crore (2% of the revenue
receipts) which the state has estimated as compensation
compensation grants for loss of revenue due to
implementation of GST.
State GST (SGST) is the largest component of the state’s own tax revenue. It is
expected to generate Rs 17,812 crore in 2019-20,
2019 20, an increase of 18.7% over the
revised estimate of 2018-19.
In 2019-20,
20, the state is expected to generate Rs 7,150 crore through sales tax and
VAT, which is a decrease of 9.4% over the revised
revised estimate of 2018
2018-19.
The state is expected to generate Rs 4,700 crore through stamp duty and
registration fees and Rs 2,500 crore through taxes on vehicles in 2019
2019-20.
Fiscal deficit: It is the excess of total expenditure over total receipts. This gap is filled by
borrowings by the state government, and leads to an increase in total liabilities. In 2019-20,
fiscal deficit is estimated to be Rs 16,101 crore, which
whi is 2.81% of the GSDP. The estimate is
under the 3% limit prescribed by the 14th Finance Commission. Fiscal deficit in 2018
2018-19 at
4.62% of GSDP was higher than this 3% limit.
Revenue Fiscal
Outstanding
Year Deficit (- Deficit (- Liabilities
)/Surplus (+) )/Surplus (+)
2017-18 3.0% -2.9% 23.5%
2018-19
1.7% -4.6% 24.0%
(RE)
2019-20
3.8% -2.8% 25.7%
(BE)
2020-21 3.4% -3.0% 26.3%
2021-22 3.1% -3.0% 26.8%
Sources: Bihar Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement 2019-20;
2019 20; Bihar Annual Financial
Statement 2019-20; PRS.
Figures 3 and 4 show the trend in deficits and outstanding liabilities targets from 2017
2017-18
to 2021-22
The graphs below compare Bihar’s expenditure on some key sectors, as a proportion of its total
expenditure, with the average expenditure by 26 other states.[*]
states. For this comparison, total
expenditure includes revenue expenditure and capital outlay.