1st PERIODICAL TEST IN SCIENCE 10

Prepared by: JENELYN S. ESTRELLANES/T1

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. The crust is the Earth's only solid layer.

____ 2. The inner core of the Earth is solid and made primarily of iron.
____ 3. Temperature and pressure increase toward the center of the Earth.
____ 4. The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer.

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of your
answer on the sheet provided.

5. Choose the correct statement.

a) P waves are slower than S waves
b) P waves have the same speed as S waves
c) S waves are slower than P waves
d) It is not possible to record the speed of S and P waves

6. What causes earthquakes?

a) The flow of magma b) The expansion of the Earth’s crust
c) The contraction of the Earth's crust d) The Earth’s plates rubbing together

7. S-waves are:
a) Longitudinal b) Electromagnetic
c) Ultrasonic d) Transverse

8. Good evidence that the Earth has a layered structure is where seismic waves:
a) suddenly change paths when the density abruptly changes
b) travel in gently curving paths due to refraction
c) travel in gently curving paths due to total internal reflection
d) travel in straight lines through the Earth
e) travel in gently curving paths due to diffraction

5.The part of the Earth that is a liquid is the

a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

6.The ancient continent that contained all the landmasses is called

a. Pangaea b. Gondwanalad c. Laurasia d. Panthalassa

7.The type of tectonic plate boundary involving a collision between two tectonic plates is
a. diveregent b. transform-fault c. convergent d. normal

8.The San Andreas fault is an example of a

a. diveregent b. transform-fault c. convergent d. normal

9.Mid-ocean ridges are associated with

a. diveregent boundaries b. transform-fault boundaries
c. convergent boundaries d. normal boundaries

10.Which of the following makes up most of the Earth's mass?

a. crust b. mantle c. outer core d. inner core

11.Fossils of Lystrosaurus, an early land-dwelling reptile, have been found in Antarctica, India, and South Africa. The
distribution of these fossils suggests that these areas were once ___________.
a. made of the same chemical elements b. covered by oceanic crusts
c. home to a wide variety of organisms d. connected to one another
12. The speed of seismic waves depends on the ____ of the layer through which they travel.
a. density b. thickness c. shape d. position

13. Which layer of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates?

a. core b. mesosphere c. asthenosphere d. lithosphere

14. Continental crust has an average thickness of

a. 5 to 8 km. b. 5 to 10km c. 30km d. none of the above

15. Earth's oceanic crust is ____ than the continental crust.

a. thinner but denser b. thicker and denser
c. thicker but less dense d. thinner and less dense

16.Scientists believe that the Earth's core is made mostly of

a. iron b. magnesium c. aluminum d. oxygen

17. The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth is called the

a. core b. mesosphere c. asthenosphere d. lithosphere
18.The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called
a. core b. mesosphere c. asthenosphere d. lithosphere

19.Which statement does NOT correctly describe seismic waves?

A. Seismic waves travel faster through liquid than solid rock.
B. Seismic waves cannot change speed.
C. Scientists record seismic waves using seismographs.
D. Scientists use seismic waves to learn about the mantle and the core

20. Wegener's continental drift theory suggests that at 180 million years a single landmass gradually broke into two
big pieces called
A. Pangaea and Panthalassa b. Godwana and Laurasia
c.Laurasia and Eurasia d. Panthalassa and Eurasia

21. ____ is the process by which hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface
sinks.
a. slab pull b. convectio c. ridge push d. sea-floor spreading

22. Which of the following statements concerning magnetic reversal is NOT true?
a. Magnetic reversals are recorded in rocks on the ocean floor.
b. The north and south magnetic poles have changed many times throughout Earth's history.
c. Magnetic mineral grains in rocks on the ocean floor all point in the same direction.
d. none of the above

23. Which of the following was NOT used as evidence to support the theory of continental drift?
a. the existence of convection currents
b. the similarity of fossils found on continental coasts
c. the close fit of continental coastlines
d. the matching of glacial grooves on different continents

24. The Richter scale measure of which of the following earthquake characteristics?
a. intensity b. magnitude c. frequency d. probability
25. Of the following statements, which best supports the continental drift theory?
a. All oceans are salty
b. Igneous rocks are all found in mountains.
c. fossils of the same species of extinct land plants have been found in both South America and Africa.
d. early humans migrated to North America over a bridge from Eastern Asia.

26. Earthquake activity in California is primarily caused by

a. the lowering of aquifer levels.
b. the interaction of the tides with the coasts
c. mining activity during the nineteenth century
d. plates grinding past each other along active faults.
27. What is the name of the Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted of all of the present continents?
a. Eurasia b. Laurasia c. Pangaea d. Gondwanaland

28. Which of the following are not associated with convergent plate margins?
a. deep-focus earthquakes b. rift valleys c. island arcs d. deep-sea trenches

29. One remarkable realization associated with the discovery of seafloor spreading was that _____________ .
a. the crust of the continents is more dense than the crust of the ocean
b. the crust of the oceans is very young relative to the age of the crust of the continents
c. mountains are more dense than then mantle
d. the rotational poles of the Earth have migrated

30. Which of the following increases with distance from a mid-ocean ridge?
a. the age of oceanic lithosphere b. the depth to the sea floor
c. the thickness of the lithosphere d. all of the above

31. The cross section above depicts magnetized oceanic crust at a spreading center. The "+" symbol indicates normal
magnetic bands and the "-" symbol indicates reversed magnetic bands. How many reversals of the Earth's magnetic field
are depicted in the diagram?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

32. Volcanic island arcs are associated with _________.

a. transform plate boundaries b. divergent boundaries
b. ocean-ocean convergent boundaries c. ocean-continent convergent plate boundaries

33. What is the topographic feature at A called:

a. oceanic basin b. oceanic rift c. spreading center d. oceanic trench

Imagine that you could travel to the center of the Earth. Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Composition Structure
Crust (50 km) Lithosphere (150 km)

Mantle (2,900 km) Asthenosphere (250 km)

Mesosphere (2,550 km)
Core Outer core (2,200 km)
(3,428 km) Inner core (1,228 km)

34. How far beneath Earth's surface would you have to go to find the liquid material in the Earth's core?
a. 290 km b. 2901 km c. 2950 km d. 2940 km.
35. At what range of depth would you find mantle material but still be within the lithosphere?
a. 50 km b. 150 km c. 100 km d. 200 km

Examine the diagrams of convergent boundaries and answer the questions that follow.
36. Which type of tectonic plates are colliding in A?
a.continental vs. oceanic b. oceanic vs. oceanic
c. crust vs/continental d. continent vs. continental

37. Which two types of tectonic plates are colliding in B?

a.continental vs. oceanic b. oceanic vs. oceanic
c. crust vs. continental d. continent vs. continental

38. Which diagram represents the type of boundary that creates some of the world's tallest mountains?
a. A b. B c. both A&B d. cannot be determined

39. What is one of the most important actions to take before an earthquake?
a. Locate safe spots in each room b. Move to higher ground
c. Place large items in high places d. all of the things mentioned

40. How do you stay safe during an earthquake?

a. If inside when the shaking starts, move no more than a few steps, drop to the ground, cover and hold on
b. If outside, find a clear spot and drop to the ground
c. Both A&B
d. none of the above

41. The first action I will take after an earthquake is...

a. to expect after-shocks
b. to beware of fires
c. Both A&B
d. none of the above

42. Which of the following should you pay attention to before a volcanic eruption?
a. Frequent ejection of volcanic ash
b. Frequent earthquakes
c. Decreased ambient temperature
d. all of the above

43. What is one of the most important actions to take before a volcanic eruption?
a. Cover your garden with soil
b. Keep goggles and a dust mask handy
c. Read about volcanic eruptions in text books
d. run in an open field

44. How do you stay safe during a volcanic eruption?

a. Evacuate to lower ground
b. Evacuate or take shelter
c. Wear goggles and a dust mask
d. both b&c

45. The first action I will take after a volcanic eruption is...
a. Stay inside
b. Protect my lungs and eyes from volcanic ash
c. Listen to local advisory
d. All of the above

46. What is NOT one of the four steps you can take to help your family be prepared for emergencies?
a. Eat your vegetables b. Put together an emergency kit
c. Make a plan d. Be informed
47. Which of the following is NOT an important part of an emergency supply kit?
a. Flashlight b. Batteries c. Water d. Video Games

48. How much water should you have in your Emergency Kit?
a. One small water bottle for each person
b. One gallon for the whole family
c. One gallon of water per person per day
d. One gallon of water for the family per day

49. In an emergency, what should you have available to hear news and official reports about what is occurring?
a. A hand-crank/battery-powered radio
b. A CD player
c. A board game
d. DVD player

50. What should a family communications plan include?

a. Information about how your family would get in touch with each other during an emergency
b. Where your family would meet
c. How your family would remain in contact
d. All of the above

51. How quickly can a fire spread through a house?

a. 10 minutes
b. As little as five minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 45 minutes

52. What best describes an "earthquake"?

a. Sudden movement along the earth's surface
b. Huge collision of earth's plates
c. Violent shaking or motion of the earth's surface
d. none of the above

B. Complete each sentence or statement by writing the missing word in your answer sheet.

53.Earth's ____________________ is liquid. (inner core or outer core)

54.The asthenosphere is the layer of the Earth just below the ____________________. (mesosphere or lithosphere)

55. When Earth's magnetic poles change place, this is called a(n) ____________________ reversal. (magnetic leak,
magnetic flip)

56. The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere is called a _________________________.
(submersion, subduction)

C. Short Answer only. 2 pts. per question.

For each pair of terms, explain the difference in their meanings.

57-58. convergent boundary/divergent boundary

59-60. seafloor spreading/continental drift theory