Question 7

(a) (i) The general formula of compound P is CnH2n. Compound P is unsaturated hydrocarbon that
contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
The general formula of compound Q is CnH2n+2. Compound Q is saturated hydrocarbon that
contains only single bond between carbon atoms.

(ii) Compound P Compound Q

But-1-ene But-2-ene 2-methylpropene Butane 2-methylpropane

(iii) Addition reaction with bromine water is used to differentiate compound P and compound Q.
Compound P decolourises brown bromine water while compound Q does not change the
colour of brown bromine water.

(b) (i) Chemical equation: C4H9OH + 2[O]  C4H9COOH + H2O

The process that produces ester C is called esterification.

Buthyl butanoate

(ii) Chemical equation: C4H8 + 6O2  4CO2 + 4H2O

4 𝑥12
Percentage of carbon in C4H8 = x 100 %
4 𝑥12+8
= 85.71%

Question 8
(a) (i) Type of electrode
(ii) At the electrode X ,
The sulphate ions and hydroxide ions are attracted to the electrode X.
Half equation: Cu  Cu2+ + 2 e-
Observation: The electrode X becomes thinner.

At the electrode Y,
The copper(II) ions and hydrogen ions are attracted to the electrode Y.
Half equation: Cu2+ + 2 e-  Cu
Observation: The electrode Y becomes thicker.
(iii) Colourless gas bubbles are formed at the electrode X.
The product formed is oxygen gas.
The sulphate ions and hydroxide ions are attracted to the electrode X.
The hydroxide ions are selectively discharged to produce oxygen gas.
Half equation: 4OH-  2H2O + O2 + 4e-

(b) Lead(II) bromide is ionic compound which can conduct electricity in molten state because it
contains free moving ions.
Lead(II) bromide cannot conduct electricity in solid state because the ions are held in fixed
position and not move freely.
Half equation
At the anode: 2Br-  Br2 + 2e-
At the cathode: Pb2+ + 2e-  Pb
Naphthalene is covalent compound which cannot conduct electricity in any states because it
does not contain free moving ions.
Question 9
(a) (i) Acid P in experiment I is nitric acid while acid Q in experiment II is sulphuric acid.
(ii) Chemical equation: Zn + 2HNO3  Zn(NO3)2 + H2
2.6
n of zinc = 65
= 0.04 mol
Volume of H2 = 0.04 x 24
= 0.96 dm3

(b) The rate of reaction of experiment II is higher than in experiment I. In experiment II, the
concentration of sulphuric acid is higher than nitric acid in experiment I. The number of per
unit volume increases. The frequency of collision among reacting particles increases. The
frequency of effective collision increases. Hence the rate of reaction increases.

(b) Procedure:
1. Measure and pour 50 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution into conical
flask.
2. Measure the temperature by using a thermometer.
3. Place conical flask on a piece of white paper with a mark ‘X’.
4. Measure and pour 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid into sodium thiosulphate solution.
5. Start the stopwatch immediately.
6. Swirl the mixture.
7. Stop the stopwatch immediately once the mark ‘X’ disappear from sight.
8. Record the time taken for the mark ‘X’ disappear from sight.
9. Repeat steps 1 to 8 using 50 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution at