PHONETICS VOICE AND VOICELESS

Lecturer: Yousef Bani Ahmad, S.S., M.Hum

Group 3
Member of Group:
Wilda Fuadiyah 1810631060020
Reka Juita 1810631060028
Fitri Andini 1810631060067
Diyanti Pratiwi L 1810631060117
Melita Alit Rahmania 1810631060181

UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPERBANGSA KARAWANG

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT 2018/2019
 PREFACE
Thank to almighty god who has given his bless to the writer for finishing the english
paper assigment entitled "voice and voiceless"

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by mr.yousef
is lecturer in phonetic and phonology subject.

This English paper contains several example and differences from voice and unvoiced
to improve the ability to pronounce English well. good pronounciation of consonants is
provided in the paper. there are several types of voice explanations.

Hopefully, this paper can help the readers to expand their knowledge about English
reading.

Karawang,16 September 2019.

Author.

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 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1

Background ............................................................................................................................ 3

Problem formulation .............................................................................................................. 3

Research objectives ................................................................................................................ 3

Methods .................................................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER 2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 4

Definition of voicing .............................................................................................................. 4

Definition of voice and unvoiced ....................................................................................... 5

The difference between voice and unvoiced ...................................................................... 7

Definition of notation in voicing ........................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 14

References ............................................................................................................................... 15

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

All vowels in English are voiced. Some of the consonant sounds are voiced and some are
voiceless. Some of the consonanat sounds produced in English are very similar. Many times
the difference between them is because one is voiced and the other is voiceless. Two
examples are ‘z’, which is voiced and ‘s’, which is voiceless. Sometimes it is very difficult to
feel the difference between a voiced and voiceless sound. Another test may help. Put a piece
of paper in front of your mouth when saying the sounds- the paper will should move when
saying the unvoiced sounds.

The background of voiced and unvoiced is consonant classification (grouping according

to sound classes). Consonant classification Consonant is a sound that is produced because
there are obstacles in the mouth. We must know first about consonants in the organ of
speech, because if we know more deeply we will know about everything that includes them,
consonants include everything such as voiced and voiceless, nasal sounds and oral sounds,
manner and places of articulation. All the sounds produced in the English are either voiced or
voiceless. Voiced sounds occur when the vocal cords vibrate when the sound is produced.
There is no vocal cord vibration when producing voiceless sounds. To test thise, place your
finger tips hand on your throat as you say the sounds. When saying the voiced sounds, you
should be able to feel a vibration. When saying the voiceless sounds you sound not be able to
feel a vibration.

B. Problem Formulation

1. What is the definition of voicing

2. What is the definition of voice and voicelesss
3. What is voice and voiceless distinction?
4. What is the

C. Research objectives

1. To analyze what is the definition of voicing

2. To analyze what is the definition of voice and unvoiced
3. To analyze voice and voiceless distinction
4. To analyze

D. Methods
We are using data collecting technique by searching on internet and also read a book.

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 CHAPTER II

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. DEFINITION OF VOICING

The vocal folds may be held against each other at just the right tension so that the air
flowing past them from the lungs will cause them to vibrate against each other. We call this
process voicing. Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize
speech sound( usually consonant). Speech sounds can be decribed as either voiceless or
voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts: Voicing can refer to the
articulatory process in which the vocal folds vibrate, its primary use in phonetics to describe
phones, which are particular speech sounds. It can also refer to a classification of speech
sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibration but may not actually be voiced at
the articulatory level. That is the term's primary use in phonology: to describe phonemes;
while in phoneticsits primary use is to describe phones.

For example, voicing accounts for the difference between the pair of sounds
associated with the English letters "s" and "z". The two sounds are transcribed as ‘s’ and ‘z’to
distinguish them from the English letters, which have several possible pronunciations,
depending on the context. If one places the fingers on the voice box (i.e. the location of the
Adam's apple in the upper throat), one can feel a vibration while ‘zzzz’ is pronounced but not
with ‘ssss’.

Voicing
When the vocal cords are stretched tight so that they vibrate during the pronunciation
of a sound, we say that the sound is voiced. Sounds that are produced without vibration of the
vocal cords are called voiceless. To tell if a sound is voiced or voiceless, touch your throat
gently as you say it. When you say a voiced sound, you can feel a vibration or buzzing in
your throat. For a voiceless sound, you can’t. You can also feel the voicing of sounds by
putting your fingers in your ears. When you say a voiced sound, it will seem louder. When
you say a voiceless sound, it won’t. When you do this with students, try to say only the sound
you’re listening to, without a vowel after it. voiceless counterparts, and the voiceless sound
/h/ has no voiced counterpart. The box on the next page shows the voiced and voiceless
consonant sounds of English.

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B. Voiced and voiceless sounds

Phonetics is study the sound of the human voice divide consonants into two types,
voiced and voiceless. In the most basic terms, a sound produced while the vocal folds are
vibrating is called a voiced sound, voiceless sound do not. Both types use the breath, lips,
teeth and upper palate to further modify speech. All vowel are voiced, but consonant can be
either voiced or voiceless. When used to classify speech sounds, voiced and voiceless are
merely labels used to group phones and phonemes together for the purposes of classification.

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 a. Voiced Sounds
Vocal cords which are actually mucuos membranes, stretch across the larynx at the
back of the throat. By tightening and relaxing as you speak, the vocal cords modulate the
flow of breath expelled from the lungs.

An easy way to determine whether a consonant is voiced or not is to place a finger on

your throat. As you pronounce a letter, feel the vibration of your vocal cords. If you feel a
vibration the consonants is a voiced one.
These are the voiced consonants: b, d, g, j, l, m, n, ng, r, sz, th, v, w, y and z.

But if consonants are only single letters, what are ng, sz and th? They are common
sounds that are produced by blending the two consonants phonetically.
Here are some example of words that include voice consonants:

b. Voiceless Sounds
voiceless consonants do not use the voice. They are percussive and use hard sounds.
Once again, you can test if a consonant is voiceless by putting your finger on your throats.
You will feel no vibration in your throat, just a short explosion of air as you pronounce.
Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel NO vibration in your throat. These are the
Voiceless Consonants: p, t, k, s, sh, ch, th (as in thing)
Here are some example of word that include Voiceless Consonants :

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C. voiced and voiceless distinction

Some consonants voiced, but are voiceless when consonant are put in group they can
change the voiced or voiceless quality of the consonant that follows. A great example of this
is the past simple form regular verbs. Some of the verbs are pronounced with a voiceless ‘t’
sound and some are pronounced with the voiced ‘d’ sound. Rules :

1. A voiceless consonant sound (p,k,sh,etc.)

2. A voiced consonant sound (d,b,v,etc.)

The difference between a voiceless and a voiced consonant is whether you can feel
vibration passing through your throat. So if you put your hand on your larynx and say ‘sss’
wich is a voiceless consonant you shouldn’t feel any buzzing, it’s just breath that comes up,
just a hissing sound. Whereas if you say ‘zzz’ then you should feel it buzz and that’s a voiced
consonant.

The difference between let’s say a ‘p’ and a ‘b’ or a ‘t’ and a ‘d’ how to tell the
difference between those two sounds : which one was voiced and voiceless. A good excercise
to use is to get a little bit of paper put it in front of your mouth and on a voiceless consonant
you should see the piece of paper push forward and sort of flutter and shake, but on a voice
consonant it really shouldn’t move at all or maybe just a little bit but not very much. So if we
compare word like ‘pat’ and ‘bat’ (so ‘p’ at the beginning of ‘pat is voiceless and ‘b’ at the
beginning of ‘bat’ wich is voiced).

A voiceless consonant is made without any vibration passing through your throat, so
you shouldn’t,if you put your hand on your larynx feel any vibration and with some of those
other voiceless consonant like ‘p’, ‘t’, and ‘k’, if you held a little piece of paper in front of
your mouth then you should see the little piece of paper flickering as you make that sound
because of the air thaf passes out.

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 Voice consonant are made by bringing your vocal folds together. Perhaps the only
way that we can really feel the difference and you can feel the difference is by comparing to a
voiceless consonant. For example : a ‘z’ there is a voiced consonant and if you put your
finger here just on your larynx and make that sound ‘zzz’ then you should be able to feel that
there is a buzz against your fingers and it’s because your vocal folds are coming together and
the vocal folds are turning the breath into vibration. So we would call that a voiced
consonant. And there are many of those sorts of pairs . If you didn’t feel that another way to
do it is to put your fingers in your ears-so put both of your fingers in both of your ears and
again if your say ‘zzz’ and ‘sss’ you should feel that on the ‘z’ there’s a

that inside your head and inside your throat there is a buzzing but on the ‘s’ there’s nothing
but breath.

When consonants are put in groups they can change the voiced or voiceless quality of the
consonant that follows. A great example of this is the past simple form of regular verbs. As
you know, regular verbs add -ed to the end of the verb in the past simple.

 play – played
 wash – washed
 live – lived etc.

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 D. Symbols for English consonants
As we mentioned in the last unit, phoneticians have an array of special symbols
with which they can write down, or transcribe, the pronunciation of words and
sounds.
These are the symbols for the voiceless consonants of SSBE, with an example
word to show where each sound occurs.
* /p/ as in pig
* /f/ as in fun
* /θ/ as in theory
* /s/ as in soon
* /ʃ/ as in ship
* /t/ as in tank
* /k/ as in kind
* /h/ as in home
* /tʃ/ as in cherub
And these are the symbols for the voiced consonants.
* /b/ as in bent
* /v/ as in vole
* /ð/ as in they
* /z/ as in Zen
* /ʒ/ as in pleasure
* /d/ as in dale
* /ɡ/ as in grind
* /m/ as in mail
* /n/ as in nail
* /˛/ as in sang
* /dʒ/ as in June
* /l/ as in lull
* /r/ as in red
* /j/ as in yogurt
* /w/ as in went

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

1. The vocal folds may be held against each other at just the right tension so that the air
flowing past them from the lungs will cause them to vibrate against each other. We
call this process voicing. Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology
to characterize speech sound ( usually consonant).

2. Voiced Sounds
Vocal cords which are actually mucuos membranes, stretch across the larynx at the
back of the throat. By tightening and relaxing as you speak, the vocal cords modulate
the flow of breath expelled from the lungs.

3. Voiceless Sounds
voiceless consonants do not use the voice. They are percussive and use hard sounds.
Once again, you can test if a consonant is voiceless by putting your finger on your
throats. You will feel no vibration in your throat, just a short explosion of air as you
pronounce.

4. voiceless and a voiced distinction

is whether you can feel vibration passing through your throat. So if you put your hand
on your larynx and say ‘sss’ wich is a voiceless consonant you shouldn’t feel any
buzzing, it’s just breath that comes up, just a hissing sound. Whereas if you say ‘zzz’
then you should feel it buzz and that’s a voiced consonant.
Any consonant sounds come in pairs. For example, P and B are produced in the same
place in the mouth with the tongue in the same position. The only difference is that P
is an unvoiceds sound (no vibration of the vocal cords) while B is a voiced sound
(vocal cords vibrate). Put your hand on your throat as you say the pairs below to feel
the difference. Note that the first pair of consonants in the table (p, b) is produced at
the front of the mouth. Each pair shifts further back with the last pair (k, g) being
produced at the back of the mouth.

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 REFERENCES

Rachael-Anne Knight, Phonetics, Cambridge University Press, 2012

Peter Roach, English Phonetics and Phonology,Cambridge University Press 1983,1991

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