APPENDICES

A. Voltage
Drop
Calculation
Voltage Drop Calculation

Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 1

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 133.78

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.12𝑉
305𝑚

10.12
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.20%

Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 2

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 173.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.11𝑉
305𝑚

13.11𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.85%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 3

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 185.03

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.99
305𝑚

13.99𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.04%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 4

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 173.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.11𝑉
305𝑚

13.11𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.85%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 5

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 201.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.21𝑉
305𝑚

15.21𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.31%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 1 to MTCP – 6

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 230.58

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 17.44𝑉
305𝑚

17.44𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.79%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to FP- 1

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 133.78

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.36𝑉
305𝑚

10.36𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.25%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to FP- 2

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 173.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.43𝑉
305𝑚

13.43𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.92%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to FP- 3

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 185.03

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 14.33𝑉
305𝑚

14.33𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.12%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to FP- 4

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 173.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.43𝑉
305𝑚

13.43𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.92%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to FP- 5

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 185.03

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.57𝑉
305𝑚

15.57𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.39%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 1 to FP- 6

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 173.33

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 17.86𝑉
305𝑚

17.86𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.88%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to DP - 1

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 90 𝑥 36.71
Voltage Drop3Φ = = 3.75𝑉
305𝑚

3.75𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.63%

Powerhouse 1 to AP - 1

√3 𝑥 0.095 𝑥 149.91 𝑥 93.96

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.40𝑉
305𝑚

10.40𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.52%
230𝑉

Powerhouse 1 to Guardhouse

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 50.87 𝑥 110.86

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.40𝑉
305𝑚

6.40𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.78%

Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 7

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 8

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 9

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 10

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 11

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to MTCP - 12

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to FP- 7

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to FP- 8

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 2 to FP- 9

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to FP- 10

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to FP- 11

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to FP- 12

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 2 to DP - 2

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 90 𝑥 36.41
Voltage Drop3Φ = = 3.72𝑉
305𝑚

3.72𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.62%

Powerhouse 2 to AP - 2

√3 𝑥 0.095 𝑥 149.91 𝑥 101.48

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 11.23𝑉
305𝑚

11.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.88%
230𝑉
Powerhouse 2 to GP - 2

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 50.87 𝑥 119.63

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.91𝑉
305𝑚

6.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 3.01%

Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 13

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 14

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 15

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 16

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 17

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 3 to MTCP - 18

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to FP- 13

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to FP- 14

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to FP- 15

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to FP- 16

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 3 to FP- 17

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 3 to FP- 18

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to DP - 3

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 90 𝑥 36.41
Voltage Drop3Φ = = 3.72𝑉
305𝑚

3.72𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.62%

Powerhouse 4 to AP - 3

√3 𝑥 0.095 𝑥 149.91 𝑥 101.48

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 11.23𝑉
305𝑚

11.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.88%
230𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to GP - 3

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 50.87 𝑥 119.63

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.91𝑉
305𝑚

6.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 3.01%

Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 19

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 20

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 21

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 22

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 9.92𝑉
305𝑚

9.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 460𝑉 𝑥 100% = 2.16%

Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 23

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 170.77

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 12.92𝑉
305𝑚

12.92𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.81%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to MTCP - 24

√3 𝑥 0.08 𝑥 166.49 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 15.91𝑉
305𝑚

15.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.46%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to FP- 19

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to FP- 20

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉
Powerhouse 4 to FP- 21

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to FP- 22

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 131.22

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 10.16𝑉
305𝑚

10.16𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.22%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to FP- 23

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 13.23𝑉
305𝑚

13.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 2.88%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to FP- 24

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 68.2 𝑥 210.32

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 16.29𝑉
305𝑚

16.29𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 3.54%
460𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to DP - 4

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 90 𝑥 36.41
Voltage Drop3Φ = = 3.72𝑉
305𝑚

3.72𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.62%

Powerhouse 4 to AP - 4

√3 𝑥 0.095 𝑥 149.91 𝑥 101.48

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 11.23𝑉
305𝑚

11.23𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.88%
230𝑉
Powerhouse 4 to GP - 4

√3 𝑥 0.2 𝑥 50.87 𝑥 119.63

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.91𝑉
305𝑚

6.91𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 3.01%

Powerhouse 4 to MAP - 1
√3 𝑥 0.094 𝑥 50.87 𝑥 131.65
Voltage Drop3Φ = = 11.27𝑉
305𝑚

11.27𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.90%
230𝑉

Powerhouse 4 to TP - 1

√3 𝑥 0.17 𝑥 78.43 𝑥 150.13

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 11.37𝑉
305𝑚

11.37𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 𝑥 100% = 4.94%
230𝑉

Fermentation Powerhouse 1 to FP - 1

√3 𝑥 266.11 𝑥 0.06 𝑥 86.93

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 7.88𝑉
305𝑚

7.88𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.71%

Fermentation Powerhouse 1 to FP - 2

√3 𝑥 137 𝑥 0.065 𝑥 125.34

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.34𝑉
305𝑚

6.34𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.38%

Fermentation Powerhouse 1 to FP - 4

√3 𝑥 166.8 𝑥 0.056 𝑥 156.83

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 8.32𝑉
305𝑚

8.32𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.81%
Fermentation Powerhouse 2 to FP - 1

√3 𝑥 266.11 𝑥 0.06 𝑥 86.93

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 7.88𝑉
305𝑚

7.88𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.71%

Fermentation Powerhouse 2 to FP - 2

√3 𝑥 137 𝑥 0.065 𝑥 125.34

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 6.34𝑉
305𝑚

6.34𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.38%

Fermentation Powerhouse 2 to FP - 4

√3 𝑥 166.8 𝑥 0.056 𝑥 156.83

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 8.32𝑉
305𝑚

8.32𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 230𝑉 𝑥 100% = 1.81%

Sub Main 1 to Phase 1

√3 𝑥 0.551 𝑥 1698.32 𝑥 0.61213 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 0.551𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

0.551
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0038%

Sub Main 1 to Phase 4

√3 𝑥 0.551 𝑥 1909 𝑥 0.31263 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 1.12𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

1.12
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0084%

Sub Main 1 to Fermentation 2

√3 𝑥 0.688 𝑥 569.91 𝑥 0.31263 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 0.73𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

0.73𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0055%
Sub Main 2 to Phase 1

√3 𝑥 0.551 𝑥 1698.32 𝑥 0.90892 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 1.47𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

1.47𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0112%

Sub Main 2 to Phase 4

√3 𝑥 0.551 𝑥 1698.32 𝑥 0.81585 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 1.32𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

1.32𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0100%

Sub Main 2 to Fermentation 1

√3 𝑥 0.688 𝑥 569.91 𝑥 1.08448 𝑘𝑚

Voltage Drop3Φ = = 0.74𝑉
1𝑘𝑚

0.74𝑉
%Voltage Drop = 13200𝑉 𝑥 100% = 0.0056%
B. Cable Per-
unit
Impedance
Calculation
Per Unit Calculation for XLPE Cables

Zbase for 13.2kV XLPE Cables

(𝟏𝟑.𝟐𝒌𝑽)𝟐
Zbase = = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 𝜴
𝟓 𝑴𝑽𝑨

Phase 1 Line to Powerhouse 1 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 80𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.00533 + 𝑗0.01338

0.208+𝑗0.052 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = 34.848 𝛺
= 0.00015 + 𝑗0.00038 𝑝. 𝑢.

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 80𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.15039 + 𝑗0.10971 𝛺

0.588+𝑗0.429 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00432 + j0.00315p. u.
34.848 𝛺

Phase 4 Line to Powerhouse 4 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 85𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.05661 + 𝑗0.01422 𝛺

0.605+𝑗0.152 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.00162 + 𝑗0.00041 𝑝. 𝑢.
34.848 𝛺

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 85𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.15979 + 𝑗0.11657 𝛺

1.709+𝑗1.246 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00459 + j0.00335 p. u.
34.848 𝛺

Fermentation 1 Line to Fermentation 1 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 50𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.00033 + 𝑗0.00084 𝛺

 0.712+𝑗0.179 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.00096 + 𝑗0.00024 𝑝. 𝑢.
34.848 𝛺

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 50𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.09399 + 𝑗0.06857 𝛺

2.011+𝑗1.467 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00270 + 𝑗0.00196 p. u.
34.848 𝛺

Phase 2 Line to Powerhouse 2 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 84𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.00559 + 𝑗0.01405 𝛺

0.408+𝑗0.102 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.00016 + 𝑗0.00041 𝑝. 𝑢.
34.848 𝛺

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 84𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.15791 + 𝑗0.11520 𝛺

1.151+𝑗0.839 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00453 + j0.00331 p. u.
34.848 𝛺

Phase 3 Line to Powerhouse 3 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 92𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.06127 + 𝑗0.01539 𝛺

0.605+𝑗0.152 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.00176 + 𝑗0.00044 𝑝. 𝑢.
34.848 𝛺

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 92𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.17295 + 𝑗0.12617 𝛺

1.709+𝑗1.246 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00496 + j0.00362 p. u
34.848 𝛺
Fermentation 2 Line to Fermentation 2 Transformer

0.203+𝑗0.051 1𝑓𝑡
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 50𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.00033 + 𝑗0.00084 𝛺

0.712+𝑗0.179 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.00096 + 𝑗0.00024 𝑝. 𝑢.
34.848 𝛺

0.573+𝑗0.418 1𝑓𝑡
Z(0) actual = 𝑥 𝑥 50𝑚
1000𝑓𝑡 0.3048𝑚

Z(0) actual = 0.09399 + 𝑗0.06857 𝛺

2.011+𝑗1.467 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 0.00270 + 𝑗0.00196 p. u.
34.848 𝛺

Per Unit Calculation for THHN/THWN Wires

(𝟎.𝟒𝟔𝒌𝑽)𝟐
Zbase = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝜴
𝟏𝟎 𝑴𝑽𝑨

Phase 1 to MTCP – 1 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 133.78 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02763 + 𝑗0.02237 𝛺

0.02763+𝑗0.02237 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.30577 + 𝑗1.05718 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02763(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02237(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08707+j0.05509Ω

0.08707+j0.05509Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.11484 + 𝑗2.60349 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCP – 2 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 177.33 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03663 + 𝑗0.02965𝛺

0.03663+𝑗0.02965 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.73109 + 𝑗1.40123 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺
Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11544+j0.07019Ω

0.11544+j0.07019 Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.27146 + 𝑗3.31711 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCP – 3 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 185.03 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03822 + 𝑗0.03094𝛺

0.03822+𝑗0.03094𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.83459 + 𝑗1.46219 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03822(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03094(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.12045+0.07620Ω

0.12045+0.07620Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.69234 + 𝑗3.60113 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCP – 4 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 177.33 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03663 + 𝑗0.02965𝛺

0.03663+𝑗0.02965𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 0.17311 + 𝑗0.14012 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11544+j0.07019Ω

0.11544+j0.07019Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.45558 + j3.31711 p. u.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCP – 5 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 201.03𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04153 + 𝑗0.03361𝛺

 0.04153+𝑗0.03361
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.96267 + 𝑗1.58837 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04153(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03361(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13085+j0.08277

0.13085+j0.08277Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.18384 + 𝑗3.91163 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCP – 6 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 230.58
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04763 + 𝑗0.03856𝛺

0.04763+𝑗0.03856
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.25095 + 𝑗1.82231 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04763(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03856(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.15011+j0.09496

0.15011+j0.09496Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 7.09405 + 𝑗4.48771 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 1 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 133.78𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08772 + 𝑗0.02500𝛺

0.08772+𝑗0.02500
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.14556 + 𝑗1.18147 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08772(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02500(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 2 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 305𝑚
𝑥 177.33𝑚
Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11628 + 𝑗0.03314𝛺

0.11628+𝑗0.03314
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.49527 + 𝑗1.56616 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11628(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03314(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.36646+j0.08161

0.36646+j0.08161Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 17.31853 + 𝑗3.85681 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 3 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 185.03𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.12133 + 𝑗0.03458𝛺

0.12133+𝑗0.03458
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.73393 + 𝑗1.63422 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.12133(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03458(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.38238+j0.08516

0.38238+j0.08516Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 18.07089 + 𝑗4.02458 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 4 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 177.33𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11628 + 𝑗0.03314𝛺

0.11628+𝑗0.03314
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.49527 + 𝑗1.56616 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11628(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03314(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.36646+j0.08161

0.36646+j0.08161Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 17.31853 + 𝑗3.85681 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 5 (30mm2)

 0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 201.03𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13182 + 𝑗0.03757𝛺

0.13182+𝑗0.03757
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.22968 + 𝑗1.77552 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13182(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03757(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.41544+j0.09252

0.41544+j0.09252Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 19.63327 + 𝑗4.37240 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to MTCFP – 6 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 230.58𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.1512 + 𝑗0.04309𝛺

0.1512+𝑗0.04309
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 7.14556 + 𝑗2.03639 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.1512(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.04309(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.47651 + 𝑗0.10612 Ω

0.47651+𝑗0.10612 Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 22.51638 + 𝑗5.01512 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to DP – 1 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 305𝑚
𝑥 36.71𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02407 + 𝑗0.00686𝛺

0.02407+𝑗0.00686
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.13752 + 𝑗0.32419 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02407(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.00686(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.07586+j0.01689

0.07586+j0.01689Ω
Z(0) p.u. = 0.02116 Ω
= 3.58507 + 𝑗0.79820 𝑝. 𝑢.
Phase 1 to AP – 1 (80mm2)

0.079+𝑗0.052
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 93.96𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02434 + 𝑗0.01602𝛺

0.02434+𝑗0.01602
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.15028 + 𝑗0.75709 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02434(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.01602(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.07671+j0.03945

0.07671+j0.03945 Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.62524 + 𝑗1.86437 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 1 to GP – 1 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 110.86𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.07269+j0.02072𝛺

0.07269+𝑗0.02072
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 3.43526 + 𝑗0.97921 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.07269(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.00207(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.22909+j0.05103

0.22909+j0.05103Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 10.82656 + 𝑗2.41163 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 7 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.28072 + 𝑗1.03686 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

 0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 8 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66682 + 𝑗1.34924 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 9 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05293 + 𝑗1.66209 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.48324 + 𝑗4.10163 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 10 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.25463 + 𝑗1.01574 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 11 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66682 + 𝑗1.34924 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCP – 12 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05293 + 𝑗1.66209 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.46975 + 𝑗4.09310 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 7 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = 0.02116 𝛺
= 4.06616 + 𝑗1.15879 𝑝. 𝑢.
Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 8 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29206 + 𝑗1.50803 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 9 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.51749 + 𝑗1.85728 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 10 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

 0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.06616 + 𝑗1.15879 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 11 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29206 + 𝑗1.50803 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to MTCFP – 12 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.51749 + 𝑗1.85728 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to DP – 2 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 305𝑚
𝑥 36.41𝑚
Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02388+j0.00681𝛺

0.02388+j0.00681𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.12833 + 𝑗0.32157 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02388(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.00681(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.07526+j0.01677

0.07526+j0.01677Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.55671 + 𝑗0.79253 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to AP – 2 (80mm2)

0.079+𝑗0.052
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 101.48𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02628+j0.01730𝛺

0.02628+j0.01730𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.24220 + 𝑗0.0.81765 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0. 02628(3.15155); X(0) = j0. 01730𝛺 (2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08282+j0.04261

0.08282+j0.04261Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.91399 + 𝑗2.01371 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 2 to GP – 2 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 119.63𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.07844+j0.02236𝛺

0.07844+𝑗0.02236
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 3.70727 + 𝑗1.05657 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.07844(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02236(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.24721+j0.05507

0.24721+j0.05507Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 11.68289 + 𝑗2.60255 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCP – 13 (100mm2)

 0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.28093 + 𝑗1.03694 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCP – 14 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66700 + 𝑗1.34948 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCP – 15 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05308 + 𝑗1.66202 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = 0.02116 Ω
= 6.46975 + 𝑗4.09310 𝑝. 𝑢.
Phase 3 to MTCP – 16 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.28093 + 𝑗1.03694 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCP – 17 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66682 + 𝑗1.34924 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCP – 18 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05293 + 𝑗1.66209 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

 0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.46975 + 𝑗4.09310 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 13 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.06644 + 𝑗1.15894 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 14 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29208 + 𝑗1.58024 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 15 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.51771 + 𝑗1.85755 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 16 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.06644 + 𝑗1.15894 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 17 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29208 + 𝑗1.50824 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to MTCFP – 18 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = 0.02116 𝛺
= 6.51771 + 𝑗1.85755 𝑝. 𝑢.
Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to DP – 3 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 36.41𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.`+j0.00681𝛺

0.02388+j0.00681𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.12833 + 𝑗0.32157 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02388(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.00681(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.07526+j0.01677 𝛺

0.07526+j0.01677 𝛺
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.55671 + 𝑗0.79253 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to AP – 3 (80mm2)

0.079+𝑗0.052
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 101.48𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02628+j0.01730𝛺

0.02628+j0.01730𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.24220 + 𝑗0.81765 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02628(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.01730(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08282+j0.04261

0.08282+j0.04261Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.91399 + 𝑗2.01371 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 3 to GP – 3 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 119.63𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.07844+j0.02236𝛺

 0.07844+𝑗0.02236
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 3.70727 + 𝑗1.05657 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.07844(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02236(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.24721+j0.05507

0.24721+j0.05507Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 11.68289 + 𝑗2.60255 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 19 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.28093 + 𝑗1.03694 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 20 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66700 + 𝑗1.34948 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 21 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 305𝑚
𝑥 210.32 𝑚
Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05308 + 𝑗1.66202 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.46975 + 𝑗4.09310 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 22 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02710 + 𝑗0.02194 𝛺

0.02710+𝑗0.02194 𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.28093 + 𝑗1.03694 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02710(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02194(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08541+j0.05403Ω

0.08541+j0.05403Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 4.03639 + 𝑗2.55340 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 23 (100mm2)

0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.03527 + 𝑗0.02855𝛺

0.03527+𝑗0.02855𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.66700 + 𝑗1.34948 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.03663(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02965(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.11116+j0.07031Ω

0.11116+j0.07031Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 5.25331 + 𝑗3.32278 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCP – 24 (100mm2)

 0.063+𝑗0.051
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32 𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.04344 + 𝑗0.03517𝛺

0.04344+𝑗0.03517𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 2.05308 + 𝑗1.66202 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.04344(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03517(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13690+j0.08661Ω

0.13690+j0.08661Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.46975 + 𝑗4.09310 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116

Phase 4 to MTCFP – 19 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.06644 + 𝑗1.15894 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCFP – 20 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29208 + 𝑗1.50824 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = 0.02116 Ω
= 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
Phase 4 to MTCFP – 21 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.51771 + 𝑗1.85755 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCFP – 22 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 131.22𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.08604 + 𝑗0.02452𝛺

0.08604+𝑗0.02452
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 4.06644 + 𝑗1.15894 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.08604(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02452(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.27645+j0.06157

0.27645+j0.06157Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 13.06475 + 𝑗2.90974 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCFP – 23 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 170.77𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.11198 + 𝑗0.03191𝛺

0.11198+𝑗0.03191
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 5.29208 + 𝑗1.50824 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.11198(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03191(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.35291+j0.07858

 0.35291+j0.07858Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 16.67817 + 𝑗3.71361 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MTCFP – 24 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 210.32𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.13791 + 𝑗0.03930𝛺

0.13791+𝑗0.03930
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 6.51771 + 𝑗1.85755 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.13791(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.03930(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.43463+j0.09678

0.43463+j0.09678Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 20.54017 + 𝑗4.57372 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to DP – 4 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 36.41𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02388+j0.00681𝛺

0.02388+𝑗0.00681
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.12833 + 𝑗0.32157 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02388 (3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.00681(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.07526+j0.01677

0.07526+j0.01677Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.55671 + 𝑗0.79253 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to AP – 4 (80mm2)

0.079+𝑗0.052
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 101.48𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.02628+j0.01730𝛺

0.02628+j0.01730𝛺
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.24220 + 𝑗0.81765 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.02628(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.01730(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.08282+j0.04261

0.08282+j0.04261
Z(0) p.u. = = 3.91399 + 𝑗2.01371 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to GP – 4 (30mm2)

0.2+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 119.63𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual = 0.07844+j0.02236𝛺

0.07844+𝑗0.02236
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 3.70727 + 𝑗1.05657 𝑝. 𝑢..
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.07844(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02236(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.24721+j0.05507

0.24721+j0.05507Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 11.68289 + 𝑗2.60255 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to MAP – 1 (80mm2)

0.079+𝑗0.052
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 160.4𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual =0.041546+j0.02735𝛺

0.041546+j0.02735
Z(+ and -) p.u. = = 1.96343 + 𝑗1.29239 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 𝛺

Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.041546(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02735(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.13095+j0.06735

0.13095+j0.06735Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 6.18856 + 𝑗3.18289 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Phase 4 to TP – 1 (38mm2)

0.16+𝑗0.057
Z(+ and -) actual = 𝑥 150.13𝑚
305𝑚

Z(+ and -) actual =0.07876+j0.02806𝛺

0.07876+j0.02806
Z(+ and -) p.u. = 0.02116 𝛺
= 3.72196 + 𝑗1.32595 𝑝. 𝑢.
Z(0) actual, = R(0) = 0.07876(3.15155) ; X(0) = j0.02806(2.4627)

Z(0) actual = 0.24822+j0.06910

0.24822+j0.06910Ω
Z(0) p.u. = = 11.73062 + 𝑗3.26559 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.02116 Ω

Tapping point to service entrance (4AWG/KCMIL ACSR) 200m

Conductor impedance positive and negative sequence = 0.47780+j0.15830Ω per 1000ft

Conductor impedance zero sequence = 0.53200+j0.60300 per 1000ft

0.47780 + j0.15830Ω 0.3048𝑓𝑡

𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡(+𝑎𝑛𝑑 −) = 𝑥 𝑥 200𝑚 = 0.02913 + 𝑗0.00965 𝛺
1000𝑓𝑡 1𝑚

0.53200 + j0.60300Ω 0.3048𝑓𝑡

𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡(0) = 𝑥 𝑥 200𝑚 = 0.03243 + 𝑗0.03676 𝛺
1000𝑓𝑡 1𝑚

0.02913 + 𝑗0.00965 𝛺
𝑍𝑎𝑐𝑡(+𝑎𝑛𝑑 −)𝑝. 𝑢. = = 0.00137 + 𝑗0.00055
13.2𝑘𝑉 2
10𝑀𝑉𝐴
0.03243+𝑗0.03676 𝛺
Z𝑎𝑐𝑡(0)𝑝. 𝑢. = 13.2𝑘𝑉2
= 0.00186 + 𝑗0.00211
10𝑀𝑉𝐴
C. Carson’s
Equations
 Carson’s Equation
For 1/0 ACSR (Robin)
Conductor resistance = 1.12 Ω/mile
GMR = 0.0045ft.
Using the formula a frequency of 60 Hz and a resistivity of 100 Ω-meters are:
1
Zii = 0.09530 + ri + j0.12134(ln (𝐺𝑀𝑅) + 7.93402
1
Zij = 0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (𝐷𝑖𝑗) + 7.93402

Where w = neutral (n)

Computations
Zaa = Zbb = Zcc = Znn
1
Zaa = 0.09530 + 1.12 + j0.12134(ln (0.0045) + 7.93402 = 1.2153 + j1.6184 A
1
Zab = Zba =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (2.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.8515 B
1
Zac = Zca =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7802 C
1
Zbc = Zcb =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7266 D
1
Zan = Zna =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.27) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7865 E
1
Zbn = Znb = 0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (5.66) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7524 F
1
Zcn = Znc =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (5.) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7674 X

Leading to an impedance matrix of

Z
Using the Kron Reduction Method

Where w = neutral (n)

That will lead to an impedance matrix of

𝐸∗𝐸
Z00 = 𝐴 − = 1.23653 + j1.32128 Ω/mile Y
𝐴
𝐹∗𝐹
Z11 = 𝐴 − = 1.22401 + j1.34503 Ω/mile M
𝐴

Computing for the Actual and Per unit impedances of ACSR lines
SUB MAIN 1 To Phase 1
Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.22401 + j1.34503 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.31263𝑘𝑚 = 0.61581 + j0.67669
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.23653 + j1.32128 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.31263𝑘𝑚 = 0.62210 + j0.66474

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 0.6158 + j0.6767/17.424 = 0.03534 + j0.03884

Z(0) p.u = 0.6221 + j0.6647/17.424 = 0.03570 + j0.03814
SUB MAIN 1 To Phase 4
Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.22401 + j1.34503 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.61213𝑘𝑚 = 1.20575 + j1.32496
 1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.23653 + j1.32128 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.61213𝑘𝑚 = 1.21808 + j1.30157

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 1.20575 + j1.32496/17.424 = 0.06920 + j0.07604

Z(0) p.u = 1.21808 + j1.30157/17.424 = 0.06991 + j0.07469
SUB MAIN 2 To Phase 3
Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.22401 + j1.34503 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.81585𝑘𝑚 = 1.60703 +j1.76592
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.23653 + j1.32128 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.81585𝑘𝑚 = 1.62346 + j1.73473

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 1.60703 +j1.76592/17.424 = 0.09196 + j0.10106

Z(0) p.u = 1.62346 + j1.73473/17.424 = 0.09317 + j0.09956
SUB MAIN 2 To Phase 2
Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.22401 + j1.34503 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.90892𝑘𝑚 = 1.79035 +j1.96737
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.23653 + j1.32128 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 0.90892𝑘𝑚 = 1.80866 + j1.93263

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 1.79035 +j1.96737/17.424 = 0.10275 + j0.11291

Z(0) p.u = 1.80866 + j1.93263/17.424 = 0.10380 + j0.11092
For 1 AWG ACSR (Raven)
Conductor resistance = 1.38 Ω/mile
GMR = 0.0042ft.
Using the formula assuming a frequency of 60 Hz and a resistivity of 100 Ω-meters are:
1
Zii = 0.09530 + ri + j0.12134(ln (𝐺𝑀𝑅) + 7.93402
1
Zij = 0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (𝐷𝑖𝑗) + 7.93402

Where w = neutral
Computations
Zaa = Zbb = Zcc = Znn
1
Zaa = 0.09530 + 1.38 + j0.12134(ln ( ) + 7.93402 = 1.4753 + j1.62677 A
0.0042

1
Zab = Zba =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (2.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.8515 B
1
Zac = Zca =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7802 C
1
Zbc = Zcb =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.5) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7266 D
1
Zan = Zna =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (4.27) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7865 E
1
Zbn = Znb = 0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (5.66) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7524 F
1
Zcn = Znc =0.09530 + j0.12134(ln (5.) + 7.93402 = 0.0953 + j0.7674 X
Leading to an impedance matrix of

Using the Kron Reduction Method

Where w = neutral (n)

That will lead to an impedance matrix of

𝐸∗𝐸
Z00 = 𝐴 − = 1.61222 + j1.37607 Ω/mile Y
𝐴
𝐹∗𝐹
Z11 = 𝐴 − = 1.59832 + j1.39572 Ω/mile M
𝐴

SUB MAIN 1 To Fermentation 2

Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.59832 + j1.39572 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 1.06962𝑘𝑚 = 2.75120 + j2.04025
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.61222 + j1.37607Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 1.06962𝑘𝑚 = 2.77513 + j2.36863

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 2.75120 + j2.04025/17.424 = 0.15790 + j0.13788

Z(0) p.u = 2.77513 + j2.36863/17.424 = 0.15927 + j0.13594
SUB MAIN 2 To Fermentation 1
Zbase = (13.2kV)2/10MVA = 17.424
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(+ and -) = 1.59832 + j1.39572 Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 1.08448𝑘𝑚 = 2.78942 + j2.43583
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
Z(0) = 1.61222 + j1.37607Ω/mile 0.6214 𝑘𝑚 ∗ 1.08448𝑘𝑚 = 2.81368 + j2.40154

Z(+ and -) p.u. = 2.78942 + j2.43583/17.424 = 0.16009 + j0.13980

Z(0) p.u = 2.81368 + j2.40154/17.424 = 0.161483 + j0.13783
D. Transformer
and Generator
Impedances
DOUBLE INTERPOLATION
NEMA std for three phase, liquid filled, self-cooled transformers.

Transformer
X/R %R %X %Z
Rating (kVA)
150 3.24 1.23 4 4.19
225 3.35 1.19 4 4.17
300 3.5 1.14 4 4.16
500 3.85 1.04 4 4.12
750 5.45 0.94 5.1 5.19
1000 5.7 0.89 5.1 5.19
1500 6.15 0.83 5.1 5.18
2000 6.63 0.77 5.1 5.17

For 2500 kVA Transformer

1500 − 2000 5.18 − 5.17
%𝑍2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
1500 − 2500 5.18 − %𝑍
%𝑍2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 5.16

1500 − 2000 0.83 − 0.77

%𝑅2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
1500 − 2500 0.83 − %𝑅
%𝑅2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 0.71

%𝑋2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(%𝑍)2 − (%𝑅)2

%𝑋2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(5.16)2 − (0.71)2

%𝑋2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 5.1

(0.71 + 𝑗5.1)%
𝑍2500𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑝.𝑢. = = 0.0071 + 𝑗0.051
100

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

 2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

10𝑀𝑉𝐴 69𝑘𝑉 2
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.0071 + 𝑗0.051 [ ][ ] = 0.0284 + 𝑗0.204 𝑝. 𝑢.
2.5𝑀𝑉𝐴 69𝑘𝑉

For 75 kVA Transformer

150 − 225 4.19 − 4.17
%𝑍75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
150 − 75 4.19 − %𝑍
%𝑍75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 4.21

150 − 225 1.23 − 1.19

%𝑅75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
150 − 75 1.23 − %𝑅
%𝑅75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 1.27

%𝑋75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(%𝑍)2 − (%𝑅)2

%𝑋75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(4.21)2 − (1.27)2

%𝑋75𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 4.01

(1.27 + 𝑗4.01)%
𝑍75𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑝.𝑢. = = 0.0127 + 𝑗0.0401𝑝. 𝑢
100

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

10𝑀𝑉𝐴 460𝑉 2
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.0127 + 𝑗0.0401𝑝. 𝑢 [ ][ ] = 1.693 + 𝑗5.347 𝑝. 𝑢.
75𝑘𝑉𝐴 460𝑉

For 115 kVA Transformer

150 − 225 4.19 − 4.17
%𝑍115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
150 − 115 4.19 − %𝑍
%𝑍115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 4.2

150 − 225 1.23 − 1.19

%𝑅115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = =
150 − 115 1.23 − %𝑅
%𝑅115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 1.25
%𝑋115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(%𝑍)2 − (%𝑅)2

%𝑋115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = √(4.2)2 − (1.25)2

%𝑋115𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 4

(1.25 + 𝑗4)%
𝑍115𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑝.𝑢. = = 0.0125 + 𝑗0.04𝑝. 𝑢
100

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

10𝑀𝑉𝐴 460𝑉 2
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 0.0125 + 𝑗0.04𝑝. 𝑢 [ ][ ] = 1.087 + 𝑗3.478 𝑝. 𝑢.
115𝑘𝑉𝐴 460𝑉

For 1MVA Transformer

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

(0.89 + 𝑗5.01)% 10𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉 2

𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = [ ][ ] = 0.089 + 𝑗0.51 𝑝. 𝑢.
100 1𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉

For 500kVA Transformer

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

(1.04 + 𝑗4)% 10𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉 2

𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = [ ][ ] = 0.208 + 𝑗0.8 𝑝. 𝑢.
100 0.5𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉

For 500kVA Generator

Applying Reduction Method (10MVA Base)

 2
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑)
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑑 [ ][ ]
𝑀𝑉𝐴𝐵(𝑜𝑙𝑑) 𝑘𝑉𝐵(𝑛𝑒𝑤)

10𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉 2
𝑍𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑗0.17 [ ][ ] = 𝑗3.4 𝑝. 𝑢.
0.5𝑀𝑉𝐴 13.2𝑘𝑉