TUGAS II ANALISIS REKAYASA

4.10. The operations manager of a musical instrument distributor feels that demand for bass
drums may be related to the number of television appearances by the popular rock
group Green Shades during the preceding month. The manager has collected the data
shown in the following table:

DEMAND FOR BASS GREEN SHADES TV

DRUMS APPEARANCE
3 3
6 4
7 7
5 6
10 8
8 5

(a) Graph these data to see whether a linear equation might describe the relationship
between the group’s television shows and bass drums sales.
 Gambar (persamaan linear) hubungan antara penampilan grup di TV dengan
penjualan bass drum.

Demand for bass drums = dependent variable (plotted on the vertical axis Y)
Green shades TV appearance = independent variable (plotted on the horizontal
axis X)
Y X
3 3
6 4
7 7
5 6
10 8
8 5

12

10 y=x+1
Demand For Bass Drums

R² = 0.5932
8

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Green Shades TV Apperance
 Menyusun persamaan linear

Y X ̅
𝐗−𝐗 𝟐 ̅ )( 𝐘 − 𝐘
( 𝐗−𝐗 ̅ ) Ŷ = X +1
3 3 6,25 8,75 4
6 4 2,25 0,75 5
7 7 2,25 0,75 8
5 6 0,25 -0,75 7
10 8 6,25 8,75 9
8 5 0,25 -0,75 6
SUM 39 33 17,5 17,5
MEAN 6,5 5,5 2,92 2,92

∑ 𝑥 39 ∑ 𝑦 33
𝑥̅ = = = 6,5 ; 𝑦̅ = = = 5,5
𝑛 6 𝑛 6
∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅) 17,5
𝑏1 = = =1
∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 17,5
𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 6,5 − 5,5 = 1
 Persamaan model regresi liniernya: Ŷ = X +1

(b) Using the equations presented in this chapter, computed the SST, SSE, dan SSR. Find
the least squares regression line for these data.

Hitung menggunakan persamaan yakni SST, SSE, SSR dan r2

Y X ̅
𝐘−𝐘 𝟐
Ŷ = X +1 𝐘−Ŷ 𝟐 ̅
Ŷ−𝐘 𝟐

3 3 12,25 4 1 6,25
6 4 0,25 5 1 2,25
7 7 0,25 8 1 2,25
5 6 2,25 7 4 0,25
10 8 12,25 9 1 6,25
8 5 2,25 6 4 0,25
SUM 39 33 29,5 12 17,5
MEAN 6,5 5,5 SST SSE SSR

𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̂)2 = 12

2
𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 17,5

𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 12 + 17,5 = 29,5

𝑆𝑆𝑅 17,5
𝑟2 = = = 0,5932
𝑆𝑆𝑇 29,5
 (c) What is your estimate for bass drum sales if the Green Shades performed on TV six
times last month?
 Perkiraan penjualan bass drum jika Green Shades tampil di TV sebanyak enam kali

Persamaan : Ŷ = X +1

Penampilan Green Shades di TV = X - 6 kali

Perkiraan penjualan bass drum Ŷ = X + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7

4.22. The following data give the selling price, square footage, number of bedrooms, and
age of Houses that have sold in a neighborhood in the past 6 months. Develop three
regression models to predict the selling price based upon each of the other factors
individually. Which of these is best?

SQUARE
SELLING PRICE ($) BEDROOMS AGE (YEARS)
FOOTAGE
64000 1670 2 30
59000 1339 2 25
61500 1712 3 30
79000 1840 3 40
87500 2300 3 18
92500 2234 3 30
95000 2311 3 19
113000 2377 3 7
115000 2736 4 10
138000 2500 3 1
142500 2500 4 3
144000 2479 3 3
145000 2400 3 2
147500 3124 4 0
144000 2500 3 2
155500 4062 4 10
165000 2854 3 3

Data diatas menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kriteria rumah yang dijual di suatu
komplek. Kriteria-kriterianya yakni harga jual (selling price), luas (square footage),
jumlah kamar (number of bedrooms), dan usia rumah (age). Dari data-data ini,
diminta untuk mencari model-model regresi untuk memprediksi harga jual yang
terbaik berdasarkan masing-masing faktor secara individu.
 Regression Model 1

𝑌 = Predicted Selling Price  dependent variable

X1 = Square footage  independent variable

̂
𝒀 X1
NO SELLING SQUARE ̅𝟐
𝑿−𝑿 ̅𝟐
𝒀−𝒀 ̅ )(𝒀 − 𝒀
(𝑿 − 𝑿 ̅) ̂ = b0+b1(Xi)
𝒀 ̂−𝒀
(𝒀 ̅ )2
PRICE ($) FOOTAGE
1 64000 1670 544817,66 2559169550,17 37340069,20 80191,13 1183161012,22
2 59000 1339 1143012,54 3090051903,11 59430363,32 64766,16 2482239425,62
3 61500 1712 484579,78 2818360726,64 36955657,44 82148,37 1052344559,35
4 79000 1840 322757,66 1266522491,35 20218304,50 88113,32 700921258,94
5 87500 2300 11689,43 733772491,35 2928716,26 109549,83 25385507,16
6 92500 2234 30316,96 487890138,41 3845951,56 106474,16 65838246,00
7 95000 2311 9431,84 383698961,94 1902363,32 110062,44 20482783,60
8 113000 2377 968,31 2522491,35 49422,15 113138,12 2102839,73
9 115000 2736 107506,84 169550,17 135010,38 129867,92 233468750,47
10 138000 2500 8442,37 548110726,64 2151128,03 118870,06 18333985,74
11 142500 2500 8442,37 779066609,00 2564598,62 118870,06 18333985,74
12 144000 2479 5024,31 865051903,11 2084775,09 117891,43 10911109,75
13 145000 2400 65,90 924875432,53 -246871,97 114209,94 143104,41
14 147500 3124 512487,54 1083184256,06 23560951,56 147949,15 1112950853,00
15 144000 2500 8442,37 865051903,11 2702422,15 118870,06 18333985,74
16 155500 4062 2735326,84 1673772491,35 67663245,67 191661,00 5940211380,66
17 165000 2854 198811,07 2541346020,76 22477716,26 135366,85 431750889,99
SUM 1948000 40938 6132123,76 20622617647,06 285763823,53 13316913678,12
MEAN 114588,24 2408,12 360713,16 16809636,68

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 20622617647,06

2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 13316913678,12
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) 285763823
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= 6132123,76 = 46601,1

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 114588,24 − 46601,11 (2408,12) = 2367,26

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = 2367,26 + 46601,18 (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 13316913678,12
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 20622617647,06 = 0,6457

250,000

200,000
Selling Price

150,000
y = 46601x + 2367.26
100,000 R² = 0.6457

50,000

0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
Square Footage
 Regression Model 2

𝑌 = Predicted Selling Price  dependent variable

X2 = Number of Bedrooms  independent variable

̂
𝒀 X2
NO SELLING ̅𝟐
𝑿−𝑿 ̅𝟐
𝒀−𝒀 ̅ )(𝒀 − 𝒀
(𝑿 − 𝑿 ̅) ̂ = b0+b1(Xi)
𝒀 ̂−𝒀
(𝒀 ̅ )2
BEDROOMS
PRICE ($)
1 64000 2 1,25 2559169550,17 56539,79 74198,98 1631291976,18
2 59000 2 1,25 3090051903,11 62128,03 74198,98 1631291976,18
3 61500 3 0,01 2818360726,64 6245,67 110336,73 18075257,35
4 79000 3 0,01 1266522491,35 4186,85 110336,73 18075257,35
5 87500 3 0,01 733772491,35 3186,85 110336,73 18075257,35
6 92500 3 0,01 487890138,41 2598,62 110336,73 18075257,35
7 95000 3 0,01 383698961,94 2304,50 110336,73 18075257,35
8 113000 3 0,01 2522491,35 186,85 110336,73 18075257,35
9 115000 4 0,78 169550,17 363,32 146474,49 1016733226,15
10 138000 3 0,01 548110726,64 -2754,33 110336,73 18075257,35
11 142500 4 0,78 779066609,00 24628,03 146474,49 1016733226,15
12 144000 3 0,01 865051903,11 -3460,21 110336,73 18075257,35
13 145000 3 0,01 924875432,53 -3577,85 110336,73 18075257,35
14 147500 4 0,78 1083184256,06 29039,79 146474,49 1016733226,15
15 144000 3 0,01 865051903,11 -3460,21 110336,73 18075257,35
16 155500 4 0,78 1673772491,35 36098,62 146474,49 1016733226,15
17 165000 3 0,01 2541346020,76 -5930,80 110336,73 18075257,35
SUM 1948000 53 5,76 20622617647,06 208323,53 7528344687,88
MEAN 114588,24 3,12 0,34 12254,33

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 20622617647,06

2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 7528344687,88
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) 208323,53
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= = 36137,76
5,76

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 114588,24 − 36137,7551 (3,12) = 1923,47

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = 1923,47 + 36137,76 (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 7528344687,88
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = = 0,3651
20622617647,06

180,000
160,000
140,000 y = 36137,76 x + 1923.47
120,000 R² = 0.3651
Selling Price

100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
Bedroom
 Regression Model 3

𝑌 = Predicted Selling Price  dependent variable

X3 = Age  independent variable

̂
𝒀 X3
NO SELLING AGE ̅𝟐
𝑿−𝑿 ̅𝟐
𝒀−𝒀 ̅ )(𝒀 − 𝒀
(𝑿 − 𝑿 ̅) ̂ = b0+b1(Xi)
𝒀 ̂−𝒀
(𝒀 ̅ )2
PRICE ($) (YEARS)
1 64000 30 267,42 2559169550,17 -827266.44 74946.12 1571497648.55
2 59000 25 128,89 3090051903,11 -631089.97 87066.91 757423475.89
3 61500 30 267,42 2818360726,64 -868148.79 74946.12 1571497648.55
4 79000 40 694,48 1266522491,35 -937854.67 50704.53 4081127582.08
5 87500 18 18,95 733772491,35 -117913.49 104036.02 111349323.58
6 92500 30 267,42 487890138,41 -361207.61 74946.12 1571497648.55
7 95000 19 28,65 383698961,94 -104854.67 101611.86 168386367.52
8 113000 7 44,18 2522491,35 10557.09 130701.76 259645637.83
9 115000 10 13,30 169550,17 -1501.73 123429.28 78164134.37
10 138000 1 159,95 548110726,64 -296089.97 145246.71 939942016.51
11 142500 3 113,36 779066609,00 -297178.20 140398.39 666164205.58
12 144000 3 113,36 865051903,11 -313148.79 140398.39 666164205.58
13 145000 1 159,95 924875432,53 -384619.38 145246.71 939942016.51
14 147500 0 186,24 1083184256,06 -449148.79 147670.87 1094460553.74
15 144000 2 135,65 865051903,11 -342560.55 142822.55 797176567.12
16 155500 10 13,30 1673772491,35 -149207.61 123429.28 78164134.37
140398.39
17 165000 3 113,36 2541346020,76 -536737.02 666164205.58
SUM 1948000 232 2725,88 20622617647,06 -6607970.59 16018767371.92
MEAN 114588,24 13,65 160,35 -388704.15

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 20622617647,06

2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 16018767371,92
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) −6607970,59
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= = −2424,16
2725,88

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 114588,24 − (−2424,16 (13,65) = 147670,87

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = 147670,87 - 2424,16 (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 16018767371,92
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = = 0,77681
20622617647,06

200,000

150,000
Selling Price

100,000

50,000 y = -2424.16 x + 147670,87

R² = 0.77681
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Age

 Model 3 memiliki nilai r2 terbesar yaitu 0,78 yang menunjukan setiap hubungan y dan x
hampir mendekati garis regresi (regression line).
4.27. A sample of 20 automobiles was taken, and the miles per gallon (MPG), horsepower,
and total weight were recorded. Develop a linear regression model to predict MPG,
using horsepower as the only independent variable. Develop another model with
weight as the independent variable. Which of these two models is better? Explain.

MPG HORSEPOWER WEIGHT

44 67 1844
44 50 1998
40 62 1752
37 69 1980
37 66 1797
34 63 2199
35 90 2404
32 99 2611
30 63 3236
28 91 2606
26 94 2580
26 88 2507
25 124 2922
22 97 2434
20 114 3248
21 102 2812
18 114 3382
18 142 3197
16 153 4380
16 139 4036

Telah diambil 20 sample mobil dengan kriteria mpg, horsepower, dan weight.
Bagaimana regresi linear untuk memprediksi mpg hanya dengan menggunakan
horsepower sebagai independent variable? Serta, bagaimana model lainnya yakni jika
menggunakan weight sebagai independent variabelnya?

Regression Model 1

𝑌 = MPG  dependent variable

X1 = HORSEPOWER  independent variable

Y X1
𝑋 − 𝑋̅ 2 𝑌 − 𝑌̅ 2 (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅) 𝑌̂ = b0+b1(Xi) 𝑌 − 𝑌̂ 2 (𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅)2
MPG HORSEPOWER
44 67 748,02 241,80 -425,29 35,82 66.92 54,31
44 50 1966,92 241,80 -689,64 40,40 12.96 142,80
40 62 1046,52 133,40 -373,64 37,17 8.03 75,98
37 69 642,62 73,10 -216,74 35,28 2.96 46,66
37 66 803,72 73,10 -242,39 36,09 0.83 58,35
34 63 982,82 30,80 -173,99 36,90 8.39 71,35
35 90 18,92 42,90 -28,49 29,62 28.92 1,37
32 99 21,62 12,60 16,51 27,20 23.07 1,57
30 63 982,82 2,40 -48,59 36,90 47.57 71,35
28 91 11,22 0,20 1,51 29,35 1.83 0,81
26 94 0,12 6,00 0,86 28,54 6.47 0,01
26 88 40,32 6,00 15,56 30,16 17.31 2,93
25 124 879,12 11,90 -102,29 20,46 20.60 63,83
 Y X1
𝑋 − 𝑋̅ 2 𝑌 − 𝑌̅ 2 (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅) 𝑌̂ = b0+b1(Xi) 𝑌 − 𝑌̂ 2 (𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅)2
MPG HORSEPOWER
22 97 7,02 41,60 -17,09 27,74 32.90 0,51
20 114 386,12 71,40 -166,04 23,16 9.96 28,03
21 102 58,52 55,50 -56,99 26,39 29.04 4,25
18 114 386,12 109,20 -205,34 23,16 26.58 28,03
18 142 2270,52 109,20 -497,94 15,61 5.71 164,84
16 153 3439,82 155,00 -730,19 12,65 11.24 249,74
16 139 1993,62 155,00 -555,89 16,42 0.18 144,74
SUM 569 1887 16686,55 1572,95 -4496,15 569,00 361.47 1211,48
MEAN 28,45 94,35 834,33 -224,81

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 1572,95

 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̂)2 = 361,47
2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 1211,48
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) −4496,15
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= = −0,2694
16686,55

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 28,45 − (−0,27 (94,35)) = 53,872

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = 53,872 + (−0,27) (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 1211,48
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 1572,95 = 0,7702

MPG & HORSEPOWER

50
45
40
35 y = -0.2694x + 53.872
30 R² = 0.7702
MPG

25
20
15
10
5
0
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.000 140.000 160.000 180.000
HORSEPOWER

Regression Model 2

𝑌 = MPG  dependent variable

X2 = WEIGHT  independent variable

Y X2
𝑋 − 𝑋̅ 2 𝑌 − 𝑌̅ 2 (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅) 𝑌̂ = b0+b1(Xi) 𝑌 − 𝑌̂ 2 (𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅)2
MPG WEIGHT
44 1844 726330,06 241,80 27207,06 37,64 40.41 84,51
44 1998 487553,06 241,80 29601,76 35,98 64.29 56,73
40 1752 891608,06 133,40 19145,86 38,64 1.86 103,74
 Y X2
𝑋 − 𝑋̅ 2 𝑌 − 𝑌̅ 2 (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)(𝑌 − 𝑌̅) 𝑌̂ = b0+b1(Xi) 𝑌 − 𝑌̂ 2 (𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅)2
MPG WEIGHT
37 1980 513014,06 73,10 16122,31 36,18 0.68 59,69
37 1797 808650,56 73,10 14557,66 38,15 1.32 94,08
34 2199 247257,56 30,80 11680,81 33,81 0.03 28,77
35 2404 85410,06 42,90 15128,21 31,60 11.54 9,94
32 2611 7267,56 12,60 8934,11 29,37 6.92 0,85
30 3236 291330,06 2,40 4869,56 22,63 54.35 33,90
28 2606 8145,06 0,20 -1130,24 29,42 2.03 0,95
26 2580 13514,06 6,00 -6089,84 29,70 13.72 1,57
26 2507 35815,56 6,00 -5910,99 30,49 20.17 4,17
25 2922 50963,06 11,90 -9755,39 26,01 1.03 5,93
22 2434 68775,06 41,60 -15090,74 31,28 86.10 8,00
20 3248 304428,06 71,40 -26648,34 22,50 6.24 35,42
21 2812 13398,06 55,50 -20246,49 27,20 38.46 1,56
18 3382 470253,06 109,20 -34355,94 21,05 9.32 54,71
18 3197 250750,56 109,20 -32422,69 23,05 25.49 29,17
16 4380 2835014,06 155,00 -53356,34 10,29 32.62 329,85
16 4036 1794930,06 155,00 -49073,54 14,00 4.00 208,84
SUM 569 53925 9904407,75 1572,95 -106833,25 569,00 420,60 1152,35
MEAN 28,45 2696,25 495220,39 -5341,66

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 1572,95

 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̂)2 = 420,60
2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 1152,35
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) −106833,25
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= 9904407,75/1000 = −10,79

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 28,45 − (−10,79 (2696,25)) = 57,53

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = 57,53 + (−10,79) (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 1152,35
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 1572,95 = 0,7326

MPG & WEIGHT

50
45
40 y = -10.786x + 57.533
35 R² = 0.7326
30
MPG

25
20
15
10
5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
WEIGHT

 Model 1 dengan “horse power” sebagai independent variable memiliki nilai r2 paling
tinggi, maka model satu lebih baik dari model dua.
4.30. A sample of nine public universities and nine private universities was taken. The total cost
for the year (including room and board) and the median SAT score (maximum total is 2400)
at each school were recorded. It was felt that schools with higher median SAT scores would
have a better reputation and would charge more tuition as a result of that. The data is in the
table below. Use regression to help answer the following questions based on this sample
data. Do schools with higher SAT scores charge more in tuition and fees? Are private schools
more expensive than public schools when SAT scores are taken into consideration? Discuss
how accurate you believe these results are using information related the regression models.

Total Cost -> DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Median SAT -> INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Category Total Cost (Y) Median SAT (X) (X-Xavg)^2(X-Xavg)(Y-Yavg) Y^ (Y-Yavg)^2 (Y-Y^)^2 (Y^-Yavg)^2
publik 21700 1990 50625 -1146250 31658.92172 25953364.2 99180121.88 23663139.19
publik 15600 1620 21025 1623194.444 23659.55909 125315586.4 64956492.68 9827506.203
publik 16900 1810 2025 -445250 27767.3399 97900030.86 118099076.5 946525.5677
publik 15400 1540 50625 2563750 21929.96717 129833364.2 42640471.19 23663139.19
publik 23100 1540 50625 831250 21929.96717 13648919.75 1368976.832 23663139.19
publik 21400 1600 27225 890083.3333 23227.16111 29100030.86 3338517.711 12725510.41
publik 16500 1560 42025 2110361.111 22362.36515 105975586.4 34367325.11 19643326.9
publik 23500 1890 15625 -411805.5556 29496.93182 10853364.2 35963191.27 7303438.022
publik 20200 1620 21025 956194.4444 23659.55909 43486697.53 11968549.08 9827506.203
private 30400 1630 18225 -486750 23875.75808 13000030.86 42565732.66 8518730.109
private 41500 1840 5625 1102916.667 28415.93687 216253364.2 171192708 2629237.688
private 36100 1980 46225 2000694.444 31442.72273 86593364.2 21690231.54 21606491.04
private 42100 1930 27225 2525416.667 30361.72778 234260030.9 137787034.7 12725510.41
private 27100 2130 133225 111527.7778 34685.70758 93364.19753 57542959.56 62272033.95
private 34800 2010 60025 1961361.111 32091.3197 64088919.75 7336948.951 28056887.51
private 32100 1590 30625 -928472.2222 23010.96212 28148919.75 82610609.64 14314738.52
private 31800 1720 2025 -225250 25821.54899 25055586.42 35741876.49 946525.5677
private 32100 1770 25 26527.77778 26902.54394 28148919.75 27013549.5 11685.50084
SUM 482300 31770 604050 13059500 482300 1277709444 995364373.3 282345071.2
MEAN 26794.444 1765 33558.3 725527.7778 26794.44444 SST SSE SSR

 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆𝐸 + 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̅)2 = 1277709444

 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑(𝑌 − 𝑌̂)2 = 995364373,3
2
 𝑆𝑆𝑅 = ∑(𝑌̂ − 𝑌̅) = 282345071,2
∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )(𝑌−𝑌̅) 13059500
 𝑏1 = ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅ )2
= = 21,619899
604050

 𝑏0 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏1 𝑋̅ = 26794,4444 − (21,619899 (1765)) = -11364,678

 𝑌̂ = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 𝑋 = -11364,678 + (21,619899) (Xi)

𝑆𝑆𝑅 282345071,2
 𝑟 2 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇 = = 0,221
1277709444

Perhitungan diatas adalah ketika biaya kuliah bergantung pada median nilai SAT.
Selanjutnya, jika total biaya dianggapbergantung pada public/private school dan
 median SAT, maka : Public school dianggap memiliki nilai X2= 0 dan X2= 1 untuk private
school. Dengan menggunakan Data Analysis pada Excel, didapatkan :

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.886977411
R Square 0.786728928
Adjusted R Square 0.758292785
Standard Error 4262.225268
Observations 18

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 2 1005210981 502605490 27.66651328 9.26808E-06
Residual 15 272498463.5 18166564.2
Total 17 1277709444

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95,0% Upper 95,0%
Intercept 10988.531 10356.43123 1.06103456 0.305460157 -11085.6792 33062.74207 -11085.67919 33062.74207
X Variable 1 4.9705483 6.086133714 0.81670047 0.426880674 -8.00173868 17.94283519 -8.001738683 17.94283519
X Variable 2 14065.791 2229.829605 6.30801145 1.40375E-05 9313.021369 18818.55996 9313.021369 18818.55996

Dari hasil diatas, dapat diketahui persamaan linearnya :

𝑌̂ = 10988,53 + 4,971𝑋1 + 14065,79𝑋2 ; r2 = 0,7867

 Dapat dikatakan bahwa private school lebih mahal $14066 dibandingkan dengan
public school ketika skor median SAT digunakan sebagai pengatur kualitas sekolah.
Coefficient of determination mengindikasikan bahwa sekitar pada variabilitas biaya
dapat dijelaskan pada factor ini. Model signifikan pada level 0,001.

CASE STUDY

Januari 2008, Northern Airlines bergabung dengan Southeast Airlines menjadi North-South Airline
dengan Stephen Ruth sebagai presidennya. Stephen focus pada pendanaan perusahaan untuk
pembiayaan armada. Pembiayaan armada akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia
armada tsb. Untuk mempelajari isu-isu yang ingin diketahui Stephen, yakni seperti apakah umur
rata-rata armada memiliki hubungan terhadap biaya perawatan airframe? Kemudian antara
umur rata-rata dengan biaya perawatan mesin apakah ada korelasinya? ditunjuklah Peg Jones
agar memberikan penjelasan kepada Stephen berdasarkan data yang tersedia.
NORTHERN AIRLINE

Northern Airline Data

Tahun Airframe Cost per Aircraft ($) Engine Cost per Aircraft ($) Average Age (Jam)
2001 51,8 43,49 6512
2002 54,92 38,58 8404
2003 69,7 51,48 11077
2004 68,9 58,72 11717
2005 63,72 45,47 13275
2006 84,73 50,26 15215
2007 78,74 76,6 18390
Σ 472,51 364,6 84590
σ 67,50142857 52,08571429 12084,28571

Biaya airframe per aircraft vs Usia armada rata-rata

(X-Xavg)^2 (X-Xavg)(Y-Yavg) Y^ (Y-Yavg)^2 (Y-Y^)^2 (Y^-Yavg)^2

31050368,08 87492,85 53,02 1,49 209,71 246,53
13544502,94 46303,25 57,94 9,10 91,48 158,29 Diperoleh persamaan :
1014624,51 -2214,59 64,88 23,20 6,85 4,83
13498,80 -513,68 66,55 5,54 0,91 1,96 𝑌̂ = 36,1 + 0,0026𝑋
1417800,51 -4502,60 70,60 47,28 9,58 14,30
9801371,94 53937,73 75,64 82,67 66,20 296,82
𝑟 2 = 0,769
39762032,65 70867,22 83,89 26,51 268,54 126,31
SUM 96725599,43 251370,19 195,79 653,26 849,05
b1 0,002599 SSE SSR SST
b0 3,609,682,442 r2 = 0,7694

Biaya engine (mesin) per aircraft vs Usia armada rata-rata

(X-Xavg)^2
31050368,08
(X-Xavg)(Y-Yavg)
47897,78
Y^
38,45
(Y-Yavg)^2 (Y-Y^)^2 (Y^-Yavg)^2
25,44 186,04 73,89
Diperoleh persamaan :
13544502,94 49704,89 43,08 20,22 81,15 182,40
1014624,51 610,13 49,62 3,46 6,08 0,37 𝑌̂ = 22,51 + 0,0024𝑋
13498,80 -2436,68 51,19 56,75 00,81 44,01
1417800,51 -7877,43 55,00 90,83 8,49 43,77 𝑟 2 = 0,61
9801371,94 -5715,79 59,75 90,04 58,73 3,33
39762032,65 154580,08 67,52 82,43 238,24 600,95
SUM 96725599,43 236762,98 369,18 579,54 948,72
b1 0,002599 SSE SSR SST
b0 2,250,604,255 r2 = 0,6109

SOUTHEAST AIRLINE
Southeast Airline Data
Tahun Airframe Cost per Aircraft ($) Engine Cost per Aircraft ($) Average Age (Jam)
2001 13,29 18,86 5107
2002 25,15 31,55 8145
2003 32,18 40,43 7360
2004 31,78 22,1 5773
2005 25,34 19,69 7150
2006 32,78 32,58 9364
2007 35,56 38,07 8259
Σ 196,08 203,28 51158
σ 28,01142857 29,04 7308,285714
Biaya airframe per aircraft vs Usia armada rata-rata

(X-Xavg)^2 (X-Xavg)(Y-Yavg) Y^ (Y-Yavg)^2 (Y-Y^)^2 (Y^-Yavg)^2

4845658,80 32406,07 20,96 58,81 49,74 216,72 Diperoleh persamaan :
700090,80 -2394,20 30,69 30,72 7,19 8,19
2674,37 215,57 28,28 16,02 0,03 17,38 𝑌̂ = 4,596 + 0,0032𝑋
2357102,22 -5785,83 23,09 75,47 24,20 14,20
25054,37 422,85 27,50 4,68 0,26 7,14 𝑟 2 = 0,3905
4225961,22 9802,82 34,60 3,30 43,38 22,74
903857,65 7176,53 31,06 20,27 9,28 56,98
SUM 13060399,43 41843,82 209,28 134,06 343,34
b1 0,003204 SSE SSR SST
b0 4,596,633,892 r2 = 0,3905

Biaya engine (mesin) per aircraft vs Usia armada rata-rata

(X-Xavg)^2 (X-Xavg)(Y-Yavg) Y^ (Y-Yavg)^2 (Y-Y^)^2 (Y^-Yavg)^2

4845658,80 22409,09 20,09 1,52 80,09 103,63 Diperoleh persamaan :
700090,80 2100,15 32,44 0,79 11,57 6,30
2674,37 589,03 29,25 124,99 0,04 129,73
2357102,22 10654,88 22,80 0,49 38,96 48,16 𝑌̂ = −0,6708 + 0,0041𝑋
25054,37 1479,97 28,40 75,80 0,41 87,42
4225961,22 7277,23 37,40 23,21 69,84 12,53 𝑟 2 = 0,459
903857,65 8584,95 32,91 26,68 14,94 81,54
SUM 13060399,43 53095,30 253,47 215,85 469,32
b1 0,004065 SSE SSR SST
b0 -0,670854144 r2 = 0,4599

Dari kedua analisis airline diatas, dapat diperoleh :

 Usia armada rata-rata aircraft bukanlah factor penentu utama besarnya airframe dan
engine cost karena r2 yang dihasilkan jauh dari 1. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa usia armada
rat-rata tersebut tidak memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap besarnya airframe dan engine
cost.
 Northern airline memiliki varian yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Southern airline (r2 lebih
mendekati angka 1) sehingga korelasinya lebih tinggi.
 Perlu pemeriksaan lebih lanjut terhadap prosedur dan pengaturan biaya, karena usia
armada rata-rata yang hampir sama memberikan hasil perbedaan biaya airframe yang
cukup signifikan.
 Data yang dihasilkan tidak terlalu berpengaruh/ memiliki guna.
 Peforma Southeast airline lebih efisien pada perbaikan darurat.
 Biaya perawatan airframe dan mesin/ engine dari Southeast Airline tidaklah rendah, namun
hampir sama dengan Northen Airline dan cukup terpengaruh oleh usia armada.