Pyrometer

A sensor which measures the physical quantity of light rays and convert it
into electrical signal which can be easily readable by user or an electronic
instrument/device is called optical sensor. Optical sensors are loved by IoT
experts, as they are practical for measuring different things simultaneously.
The technology behind this sensor allows it to monitor electromagnetic
energy, which includes, electricity, light and so on.

Due to this fact, these sensors have found use in healthcare, environment
monitoring, energy, aerospace and many more industries.

INTRODUCTION
Pyrometer is a type of optical sensor that estimates the
temperature of an object by sensing the color of the light and Objects
radiate light according to their temperature and produce same colors at
same temperature.

Construction of Optical Pyrometer

The construction of the optical pyrometer is quite simple.
The pyrometer is cylindrical inside which the lens is placed on one end and the
eyepiece on the other end. The lamp is kept between the eyepiece and the lens. The
filter is placed in front of the eyepiece.

Principle
Optical Pyrometers work on the basic principle of using the human
eye to match the brightness of the hot object to the brightness of a calibrated lamp
filament inside the instrument.

Working of Optical Pyrometer

The optical pyrometer is shown in the figure below. It consists
the lens which focuses the radiated energy from the heated object and
targets it on the electric filament lamp. The intensity of the filament depends
on the current passes through it. Hence the adjustable current is passed
through the lamp.
The magnitude of the current is adjusted until the brightness of the filament
is similar to the brightness of the object. When the brightness of the filament
and the brightness of the object are same, then the outline of the filament is
completely disappeared.

The filament looks bright when their temperature is more than the
temperature of the source.

The filament looks dark if their temperature is less than that required for
equal brightness

APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL FIELD:

Production of Glass Syringe

During the production of glass syringes, the needle is glued to the glass
tube. This process takes place at a temperature of about 125°C. Punctual measuring
pyrometers are used to monitor and control the process and assure the quality of the
syringes.
Thermoforming of Gum Shield Inlays
The first production step to produce gum shield inlays is the heating of
the plastic foil up to a certain temperature with an infrared emitter. Pyrometers are
monitoring the temperature and control the heating phase to ensure an ideal forming
temperature.

Sterilization of Glass Bottles

A sterilization of a defined temperature level is important to produce
aseptic glass bottles for pharmaceutical products. The right temperature is secured
and monitored by a punctual measuring pyrometer.

Cold Shock Therapy

The cold shock therapy is used for sporting injuries, swellings or
muscle stiffness, for example. To avoid harm to the patient caused by undercooled
skin, an accurate temperature control is essential.

IMPROVED RADIATION PYROMETER:

Radiation pyrometers have, in the past, comprised single integral
units which, though port able, must nevertheless be bodily positioned in accord ance with the
requirements of observing a particular un known source. When the source to be observed is
an intensely heated large mass, or is within a dense radio active field, or is otherwise
encumbered, as by machinery and the like, it is difficult and often impossible to place the
whole pyrometer assembly in the most advantageous position to obtain a reading on a
localized source. It is, accordingly, an object of the invention to provide an improved
pyrometer construction not subject to the above-mentioned disadvantages. It is another object
to provide an improved radiation pyrometer separable into two flexibly cooperating inde
 pendent components. It is a specific object to meet the above objects with a pyrometer
construction in which delicate heat-detecting elements are contained within a first unit which
may be disposed safely remote from the encumbered regions sur rounding a localized heat
source to be observed, and in which a second mechanically independent unit com prising
more rugged mechanical parts may be selectively placed within the field of view of the first
unit and closer to the source. It is another specific object to provide an improved pyrometer
construction wherein a single relatively wide angle collecting optical system may serve in
cooperation with an externally-mounted radiation-modulating assem bly to develop a
pyrometer response equivalent to that achieved through a telephoto lens. - - - It is another
specific object to meet the above object with a pyrometer construction in which for a single re
mote placement of a conventional radiation pyrometer, a separate mechanical radiation-
modulator unit may be moved around within the field of view of the pyrometer unit in order
to permit selective localized probing within said field of view for a given unknown source.

Advantages of Optical Pyrometer

 The optical pyrometer has high accuracy.

 The temperature is measured without contacting the heated body. Because
of this property, the pyrometer is used for the number of applications.

Disadvantages of Pyrometer
The working of the pyrometer depends on the intensity of light emitted by the heated body.
Thereby, the pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature having a temperature more
than 700-degree Celsius. The accuracy of the pyrometer depends on the adjustment of the
filament current. Also, the pyrometer is not used for measuring the temperature of clean
gases.

References

 https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ee/ca/6d/d9ffd25337995d/US2978589.pd

 https://circuitglobe.com/optical-pyrometer.html

 https://www.optris.co.uk/temperature-measurement-medical-technology