Adjuvants & Formulations

Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 1

Bimonthly magazine for agchem specialists

Editor in Chief: Hans de Ruiter Volume 16 – Issue 4 – July/August 2019

Contents: Glyphosate can lower pH of low-volatile dicamba formulations below

acceptable levels (page 1) – News in brief (4) – Patents in brief (5) – Symposium
abstracts (7) – New books (10) – Literature (12) – Item of the month (14) –
Agenda online (15) – Advertisers (15)

Developments

Glyphosate can lower pH of low-volatile dicamba formulations

below acceptable levels
Soybeans exhibiting dicamba injury in a
research plot at the West Tennessee
AgResearch and Education Center in Jackson.
A recent study by this center found that
mixing glyphosate and dicamba herbicides
lowered the spray mixture pH below
acceptable levels;
G. Rowsey, University of Tennessee Institute
of Agriculture

Recently released low-volatile
dicamba formulations require a
spray solution pH above 5.0 to
reduce the risk of dicamba
volatilisation. Glyphosate as mixing
partner lowers the pH of the spray
solution below 5.0, according to
weed scientists at the University of
Tennessee. They now discourage
the addition of glyphosate to the
low-volatile dicamba herbicides
Engenia, FeXapan and XtendiMax.
Glyphosate acid is a strong acid.
Commercial products based on salts of
glyphosate are also acidic by nature.
Take for instance Roundup PowerMax II,
with glyphosate-potassium as the active
ingredient. This glyphosate formulation
has a pH of 4.5 to 4.9, according to the
safety data sheet provided by
Monsanto. The glyphosate-
isopropylamine product Cornerstone
Plus has a pH of 4.4 to 5.1, as can be
read on WinField’s safety data sheet.
And FMC’s glyphosate-ammonium
formulation Glyfos Dakar Pro has a pH
of approximately 4, according to the
safety data sheet.
The acidifying nature of glyphosate
effect is well known to those skilled in
the art. However, little or no has been
written about how glyphosate affects
the pH of spray solutions of recently
released low-volatile dicamba
formulations. With financial aid from the
Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board,
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 2
weed experts at the University of
Tennessee Institute of Agriculture have
tried to fill this gap. They added
unspecified rates of Roundup PowerMax
II or Cornerstone Plus to the dicamba
herbicides Clarity (diglycolamine salt),
Engenia (BAPMA, N,N-bis-(3-
aminopropyl) methylamine salt) and
XtendiMax (diglycolamine salt plus acetic
acid/acetate buffer) and measured the
pH of the resulting solution. Roundup
PowerMax II is allowed as tank-mix
partner for Engenia and XtendiMax (and
also for the not tested XtendiMax
equivalent Fexapan). Cornerstone Plus is
listed as tank-mix partner for Engenia,
but this glyphosate-isopropylammonium
formulation is prohibited as tank-mix
partner with XtendiMax and FeXapan.
Addition of Roundup PowerMax II
(glyphosate-potassium) or Cornerstone
Plus (glyphosate-isopropylamine) to
XtendiMax and Engenia always
decreased the pH by 1.0 to 2.1 pH units,
according to the researchers.
Conversely, when no glyphosate was
added to these dicamba formulations the
final pH was always above 5.0. “If pH is
the main driver for dicamba volatility,
then the substantial pH changes we’re
seeing from the addition of glyphosate
could have profound effects on volatility,
as well as herbicide efficacy,” says Tom
Mueller from the University of Tennessee
Department of Plant Sciences. Based on
this research, University of Tennessee
weed experts are now discouraging the
addition of glyphosate to Engenia,
FeXapan and XtendiMax. Weed
extension specialists from other research
organisations actively spread results of
the University of Tennessee
investigations. The study is published as
open access article in the August 2019
issue of the journal Weed Technology
(see Mueller and Steckel; 2019a), along
with a second study conducted with
dicamba and glyphosate mixtures in a
humidome (Mueller and Steckel;
2019b). Both studies were initiated in
response to concerns from Tennessee
soybean producers regarding off-target
movement of dicamba.
BUFFERING AGENTS
Weed scientist Bill Johnson confirms that
commercial glyphosate formulations
significantly lower the pH of spray
solutions. The acidifying effect of
glyphosate formulations is also relevant
to other auxinic herbicides, according to
the Purdue University Department of
Botany and Plant Pathology researcher.
Buffering agents in glyphosate formula-
tions have the unintended consequence
that they make the chemistry used to
reduce dicamba volatility less effective,
he says. Johnson is convinced that the
industry knows that glyphosate formula-
tions increase dicamba volatility, but
companies “don’t share this information
with us before commercialisastion”. And
that made it difficult to find out the
causes of the recent damage with
dicamba, he adds. Effects of glyphosate
on auxin herbicide injury are also
reported at the last Weed Science
Society of America Annual Meeting by
researchers at Mississippi State
University (Buol and Reynolds; 2019)
and the University of Arkansas
(Norsworthy and Barber; 2019).
Some of this information is – for
instance – hidden in Monsanto’s patent
applications US20190014776 and
WO2018231891. There the company
discloses that specific cations counteract
the volatility-enhancing effect of
ammonium sulphate in auxin herbicide
formulations. These cations also control
or reduce the volatility of auxin herbi-
cides in formulations with other agro-
chemicals that promote the volatilization
of auxin herbicides. As examples of such
agrochemicals Monsanto mentions
glyphosate-ammonium and glufosinate-
ammonium, organic amines of
glyphosate and glufosinate, acidifying
agrochemicals and ammonium-based
fertilisers. Examples of agrochemicals
that act as acidifiers include the alkali
salts of glyphosate and glufosinate, such
as potassium glyphosate, sodium
glyphosate, potassium glufosinate and
sodium glufosinate, according to the
company. In a kind of factsheet,
however, Monsanto (Bayer) states that
the approved Roundup tank-mix
products result in pH shift by 0.2 to 0.3
unit (see also Monsanto’s view on page
3 of this issue). “The pH for XtendiMax
and approved glyphosate products
within a tank-mix solution is expected to
be within the range of 4.8-4.9”. Mueller
and Steckel comment on these figures in
their just published paper.
pH MODIFIERS
One proposed solution for addressing
low pH spray mixtures is adding a pH
modifier to the dicamba plus glyphosate
mixture. Tom Mueller and his colleague
Larry Steckel tested three pH modifers:
Chempro CP-70, Novus K 20-0-6 and
SoyScience. All three products raised
the pH levels of the respective mixtures
of XtendiMax + Roundup PowerMax and
Engenia + Roundup PowerMax above
5.0. “That is certainly promising,” says
Steckel, “and the addition of a pH
modifier could decrease the probability
of dicamba leaving a treated field via
volatility. A follow-up study really needs
to test that theory. Another question
raised by the results of this research - if
you artificially raise the pH are you
going to lose the weed control from
glyphosate? That topic also needs more
research.”
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
Another experiment in the University of
Tennessee study evaluated spray
mixture pH levels when ammonium
sulphate was added to dicamba
formulations. This adjuvant is
commonly added to spray mixtures
containing glyphosate to improve weed
control effectiveness. However, new-
generation dicamba labels always forbid
the addition of ammonium sulphate due
to volatility concerns. The University of
Tennessee researchers found that
addition of ammonium sulphate always
lowered dicamba spray mixture pH
levels, but it did not lower pH levels as
much as the addition of glyphosate.
“That was somewhat surprising given
the attention AMS has received as a
dicamba volatility enhancer,” says
Mueller. “Now, there could be some
other aspects of ammonium sulphate
besides pH that are enhancing volatility,
but if pH is the main driver, our data
would suggest that adding glyphosate,
which is currently an approved tank mix
partner, would increase dicamba
volatility more than the prohibited
AMS”.
Bill Johnson (Purdue University) has
similar experiences with ammonium
sulphate. In his experiments with hard
water, this spray adjuvant lowers the
spray solution pH with a half unit, or so.
Glyphosate products always lowered the
pH of the spray solution with more than
one unit, he observed.
See also discussion on next page
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 3
Monsanto: “Findings are consistent with our research”
“ In our research, we found that
VaporGrip® Technology helps control
volatility by managing the equilibrium in the
spray tank between dicamba in its salt form
– the anionic (negatively charged), non-
volatile form of dicamba – and dicamba acid
– the volatile form of dicamba. VaporGrip
Technology works by removing protons from
the system, which in turn keeps dicamba in
its salt form. Through basic chemistry
principles, this limits the amount of dicamba
molecule that is available to volatilize once
sprayed.
At Bayer Crop Science, we’ve implemented a
proactive process through which tank mix
products are tested for volatility potential.
This process ensures that these products do
not adversely affect the volatility potential of
XtendiMax with VaporGrip Technology. An
example of this would be prohibiting any
isopropylamine (IPA) glyphosates from
being approved tank-mix partners.
The article by Mueller and Steckel confirms
information we at Bayer Crop Science also
found to be true when we began researching
a new dicamba formulation in 2009 – that
glyphosate products when mixed with DGA
dicamba increase volatility potential. This
Mueller and Steckel: “Our findings are not consistent with
previous Monsanto announcements”
“ Volatility is a major problem with all
dicamba formulations. There are millions of
hectares in the US where dicamba drift from
vapour drift is happening, in 2017, 2018 and
again in 2019. In Illinois, there is a huge
increase in dicamba complaints to the
regulatory agencies. Monsanto refuses to
acknowledge this problem.
Tom Mueller
US EPA does not directly evaluate most
products, nor did they measure dicamba
emissions. They use data submitted by
registrants to make their decisions. To that
end, to state that EPA evaluated dicamba is
not fully accurate.
We believe our findings are not consistent
with previous Monsanto announcements.
On page 553 of the pH paper, we outline
discovery resulted in Bayer Crop Science
developing XtendiMax with VaporGrip
Technology, which contains an in-the-jug
buffer specifically designed to minimize
volatility that has the potential to result in
off-target movement. We utilized the
common tank-mix of XtendiMax + Roundup
PowerMAX® + Intact (DRA) to evaluate
volatility potential under varying field
conditions. This tank mix of XtendiMax +
Roundup PowerMAX + Intact was
extensively evaluated by the EPA in its most
recent assessment of XtendiMax prior to re-
registering the herbicide in November 2018.
The findings of Mueller and Steckel are
consistent with our research, which
demonstrates that the XtendiMax
formulation shows the least change in pH
among the products evaluated. This is also
supported by EPA’s evaluation which
determined volatility of XtendiMax would not
result in off-target movement that would
impact plants outside the field when
”
applicators follow all label directions.
Ty Witten
Bayer Crop Protection Strategy director
Editor of Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop
System Updates
how Monsanto is not correct in what they
are saying. I disagree with Witten’s
statement about my findings be consistent
with Monsanto’s research.
Glyphosate-isopropylammonium caused less
pH change than glyphosate-potassium
(Roundup PowerMax II, Monsanto). Witten’s
opposite statement is not correct.
We published recently another study, which
shows that dicamba emissions from treated
soil surface for many hours after application
were 3 to 9 times greater when Roundup
PowerMax (glyphosate-potassium was mixed
with XtendiMax compared to XtendiMax
alone.
”
Tom Mueller and Larry Steckel
University of Tennessee
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 4

News in brief

APPLICATION DESIGNED FOR

FORMULATORS

Chemical Abstracts Service is developing

an application that brings information
formulators need right to their screen.
At this moment the Formulus branded
application is only available in a proof-
of-concept version that can be tested as
“participant” under specific terms and
conditions. Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) promises this new application
“represents never-before-seen content
and functionality to serve everyone in
the formulations workflow”. The new
content base has been curated from
hundreds of journals, dozens of patent Formulus – a screenshot of a page with input fields. This new application for formulators is
offices and various other sources, this available as a proof-of-concept version; Chemical Abstracts Service
division of the American Chemical
Society says. CAS further states that the through a diffusion‐based process. SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE
novel search interface has been Nanoencapsulated compounds also PARAQUAT NANOFORMULATION
designed specifically for formulations showed superior efficiency compared to
work to intuitively and efficiently serve the emulsified compounds in terms of Marzieh Rashidipour et al.
the work of formulators. Formulus is repellency and insecticidal activity. (Environmental Health Research Center,
built for formulators active in various Previously the authors reported about Research Institute for Health Develop-
industries, such as agrochemistry, zein nanoparticles as eco-friendly carrierment, Kurdistan University of Medical
pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food and systems for the botanical repellents Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran) developed
beverage and paints and coatings. geraniol and R-citronellal. More online. and tested paraquat loaded
nanoparticles composed of pectin,
chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate
(PEC/CS/TPP). The encapsulation was
ASSOCIATION OF ZEIN NANO- A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE highly efficient and there was a delayed
PARTICLES WITH BOTANICAL FORMULATION OF dsRNA release pattern of paraquat. The
COMPOUNDS encapsulated herbicide was less toxic to
For the purpose of pest control in the alveolar and mouth cell lines. Moreover,
Jhones L de Oliveire et al. (São Paulo field, there is a great demand to develop the mutagenicity of the formulation was
State University, Institute of Science and a spray method to apply dsRNA significantly lower than those of pure or
Technology, São Paulo, Brazil) used zein formulations. Yang Zheng et al. (Dept. commercial forms of paraquat in a
for the development of effective of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory Salmonella typhimurium strain model.
formulations of botanical compounds. for Monitory and Green Control of Crop The soil sorption of paraquat and the
They encapsulated mixtures of geraniol, Pest, China Agricultural University, deep soil penetration of the
eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in zein Beijing, China) developed a nanocarrier nanoparticle-associated herbicide also
nanoparticles to improve their stability delivery system that can systemically decreased. A test on maize and
and efficiency. Biological effects of these deliver dsRNA into chewing mouthpart mustard plants demonstrated that the
nano‐scale formulations were evaluated insects by oral feeding and efficiently encapsulation enhanced the herbicidal
against the two‐spotted spider mite silence gene expression. The authors activity. The authors suggest that the
(Tetranychus urticae) and the soybean dropped the formulation on the notum of lower soil sorption, cytotoxicity and
looper (Chrysodeixis includes). The soybean aphids. The formulation mutagenicity of this new parauqat
formulations were stable over time (120 penetrated the body wall into the formulation indicate advantages for
days) with a high encapsulation hemocoel and then spread into various future use in agriculture. More online.
efficiency (>90%). Nanoencapsulation tissues within one hour. The delivered
also provided protection against dsRNA efficiently silenced the target
degradation of the compounds during gene expression at a high knockdown
storage and led to a decrease in toxicity effect (95.4%) and the aphid population
to non‐target organisms. The release of was largely suppressed (80.5%). The
the compounds (especially eugenol and authors suggest that the formulation
cinnamaldehyde) from the nanoparticles may provide a fast and easy tool for
was directly influenced by temperature, gene silencing in some tough insects and Paraquat is banned in several countries but
and the main mechanism of release was for pest control in the field. More online. still used worldwide; Wikipedia
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 5
BIOGENIC FORMULATION OF
SILVER NANOPARTICLES WITH
IMPROVED EFFECTIVETY
Madhuree Kumari et al. compared two
different formulations of silver nano-
particles with regard to their activity
against Fusarium oxysporum and
Alternaria brassicicola. Silver nano-
particles were coated with secondary
metabolites from a cell-free filtrate of
Trichoderma viride or coated with
sodium citrate. The first formulation
was named the BSNP formulation
(Biosynthesized Silver NanoParticles)
and the second the CSNP formulation
Patents in brief
ALKALI-SWELLABLE AND ACID-
SWELLABLE RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
Published 23-05-2019
Akzo Nobel Chemicals International has
filed two patent applications covering
alkaline-swellable and acid-swellable
rheology modifiers, respectively
(WO2019096976 and WO2019096978).
Both groups of rheology modifiers are
primarily intended for personal care
formulations, such as hair fixatives or
shampoos. The rheology modifiers
(thickeners) are also used in experi-
(Chemically Synthesized Silver
Nanoparticles). Silver nanoparticles of
similar shape and size were used for
both formulations. Biosynthesized silver
nanoparticles (BSNP) enhanced the
reduction in dry weight by 20 and
48.8% of fungal pathogens Fusarium
oxysporum and Alternaria brassicicola
respectively in comparison to their
chemical counterparts (CSNP). Further
investigations indicated that generation
of superoxide radicals, downregulation
of antioxidant machinery and oxidative
enzymes, disruption of osmotic balance
and cellular integrity, and loss of
virulence are the mechanisms employed
mental suspension concentrate formula-
tions of the fungicides azoxystrobin and
tebuconazole and the herbicide diuron.
TANK-MIX ADJUVANTS
Published 23-05-2019
A plasticizer as solvent, a mixture of
anionic surfactants and a nonionic
surfactant – that is how the patent
pending tank-mix adjuvants of BASF are
composed. The plasticizer used is
Explanation of two formulations
of silver nanoparticles;
Madhuree Kumari et al.
by the BSNP formulation. The authors
suggest that they are on their way to
develop a new generation of fungicides.
More online.
FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS
Under the motto of Market drives
innovation Agropages is organising a
congress on agrochemical formulation
and application technology in China. The
congress will be held from 13 to 15
November 2019. More online.
1,2-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid
diisononyl ester, marketed by BASF in
2002 under the tradename Hexamoll
DINCH as an alternative to phthalate
plasticizers. The anionic and nonionic
surfactants of choice are disclosed in
patent publication WO2019096716. The
company uses tank-mix when tank-mix
adjuvant is meant. BASF mentions
stable in water as an advantage of the
patent pending tank-mix; this choice of
words makes it unclear whether this
concerns the adjuvant composition or
the spray solution. Previously BASF’s
patent application WO2011109689
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 6
disclosed emulsifiable concentrates
containing 1,2-cyclohexandicarboxylic
acid diisononyl ester as solvent
component.
BUFFERS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE
STORAGE-STABLE
FLUCETOSULFURON SC’S
Published 23/24-05, 16-06-2019
The Korean chemical company LG
Chemical Ltd has found a solution for
long-term storage at high temperature
of suspension concentrate formulations
of the sulfonylurea herbicide fluceto-
sulfuron. The pH of the formulation
affects the decomposition rate by hydro-
lysis, but keeping the pH in the range of
5.80 to 6.25 significantly improves the
stability of the active ingredient. In
patent applications KR20190056330 and
WO2019098757 the company suggests
to use phosphate buffer solutions or
(mixtures of) carbonic acid and/or
potassium c.q. sodium bicarbonate to
buffer the liquid flucetosulfuron
formulations. In patent applications
KR20190056331, TW201922097 and
WO2019098760 the company presents
a sulfosuccinate-based surfactant and a
buffer solution for flucetosulfuron. LG
Chemical further suggests to have the
active ingredient (which is a mixture of
two isomers) in an as high as possible
concentration of the erythro isomer (see
patent publications KR20190056329 and
WO2019098755). The Korean-language
patent publications have no detailed
information about how to obtain the
desired erythro to threo isomer rate.
NEW CRYSTAL POLYMORPHS OF
URACIL PYRIDINE HERBICIDE
Published 31-05-2019
BASF SE has found stable crystalline
modifications that do not display the
disadvantages of the amorphous form of
the company’s recently patented uracil
pyridine herbicide. Preparation and
formulation of these polymorphs are
presented in patent application
WO2019101533. The original active
ingredient is published in patent
application WO2017202768 and has not
yet an ISO common name.
ALKOXYLATE SURFACTANT
MIXTURE TO STABILIZE
EMULSIONS AND DISPERSIONS
Published 06-06-2019
Inventors at Rhodia Operations (now
Solvay) think they have found a worthy
alternative to nonylphenol ethoxylate
and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate
surfactants. Both surfactant types have
good emulsifying and dispersing
properties, but they are poorly bio-
degradable. Furthermore nonylphenol is
classified as an endocrine disruptor and
it is reprotoxic. Tristyrylphenol
ethoxylate surfactants are considered
as persistent organic pollutants.
In patent application WO2019106196
the inventors present their substitute to
nonylphenol ethoxylate and tristyryl-
phenol ethoxylate surfactants: a
mixture of two alkoxylate surfactants,
one being an aryl aliphatic carbinol
alkoxylate, the other one being a
dialiphatic carbinol alkoxylate. The
inventors also present a three-step
preparation process as alternative to a
process that uses toxic reactants, which
has been patented by the Chinese
company Nantong Hantai Chemical Co.,
Ltd.. “It is worth noting that the
invention preferably relies on a key
catalytic Piria cross-ketonization and
starts from widely available carboxylic
acids generating only water and C02 as
by-products”, the inventors note while
referring to a patent application filed by
TU Kaiserslautern and Cognis (now
BASF). To illustrate their findings the
inventors prepared emulsifiable con-
centrate formulations of cypermethrin
and chlorpyrifos.
OIL-SOLUBLE POLYMER
RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS FOR
OD FORMULATIONS
Published 06-06-2019
Dow Global Technologies LLC and the
Dow subsidiary Rohm & Haas Company
disclose an oil-compatible, polyurea-
based polymeric rheology modifier for
agrochemical OD formulations. This
rheology modifier provides improved
performance in dispersing particulate
pesticides in oil, according to the two
companies in patent publication
WO2019108500. They further state that
the “urea based associative rheology
modifier approach offers a variety of
ways to modulate gel strength,
viscosity, flow and emulsifying ability of
OD based Ag formulations to suit a
given application space”. The patent
publication does offer a detailed
description of the preparation and
behaviour of the rheology modifiers,
but has no examples of pesticides
formulated with help of these
formulation aids.
BENZOXABOROLE FORMULATION
Published 06-06-2019
Compounds with a benzoxaborole
moiety are under investigation for
therapeutic uses. Some of them are
already entering the commercial stage.
The Research Triangle Park based
company Boragen Inc. is exploring the
use of benzoxaborole derivatives for
plant protection purposes. Boragen –
describing itself as a small molecule
development company – has
synthesized a series of benzoxaborole-
based compounds and then prepared
both emulsifiable and suspension
concentrate formulations based on
selected compounds. The company
discloses that the patent pending
compositions include a benzoxaborole
and a non-ionic surfactant, or a mixture
of a non-ionic and an ionic surfactant.
Specifications of the surfactant(s) of
choice and the used liquid or solid
carrier are presented in patent
application WO2019108982.
EC FORMULATION OF FLUINDAPYR
AND PROTHIOCONAZOLE
Published 20-06-2019
Fluindapyr is a fluoro derivative of the
pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide
inpyrfluxam. This succinate
dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)
fungicide is synthesized in 2010 by the
Italian company Isagro that applied for
patents at the end of that year. Isagro
partnered in 2012 with FMC Corporation
to co-develop the active ingredient.
Fluindapyr received its ISO common
name in March 2017. Isagro states that
the active ingredient “has been shown to
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 7

be highly effective in controlling Asian
soybean rust (ASR) when used in certain
premix formulations”. Isagro itself is
commercializing a mixture containing
fluindapyr and its conazole fungicide
tetraconazole. Arysta LifeScience Inc has
entered into an agreement with Isagro
to distribute a mixture of fluindapyr and
prothioconazole for use in soybean and
other row crops in Brazil.
At the end of 2017 Arysta Lifescience
Inc filed the very first patent application
covering a composition of fluindapyr and
prothioconazole formulated as emulsifi-
able concentrate (WO2019118743).
Solvents selected for this patent pending
formulation are N,N-dimethyldecanamide,
N,N-dimethyloctanamide or a mixture of
both amides. The two solvents were first
tested for dissolving fluindapyr. Both
solvents were selected for this purpose
together with a series of other solvents
using Hansen Solubility Parameters.
CARRIER FOR CO-FORMULATIONS
OF BIFENTHRIN AND OTHER ACTIVE
INGREDIENTS FOR USE WITH
LIQUID FERTILISER
Published 20-06-2019
Bifenthrin is a high-melting solid active
ingredient. This pyrethroid insecticide is
difficult to combine with liquid or low-
melting active ingredients in such a way
that the resulting mixture can be used
with liquid fertilisers. Formulators at
FMC Corporation present in patent
application US20190183127 a solution
to this challenge: they absorb the liquid
or low-melting active ingredient (e.g.
chlorpyrifos) onto a carrier (a hydrated
aluminum-magnesium silicate). (e.g. Silicone 248) and sodium dioctyl
Suggested carriers are the clay minerals sulfonate (penetrant). This surfactant-
montmorillonite and attapulgite. The penetrant mixture can be used alone,
experimental formulations contain also but also in combination with other
at least one alkylpolyglycoside pesticides or foliar fertilisers, according
dispersant and optionally at least one to the company in patent applications
additional dispersant selected from the CN108184835 and WO2019140990.
group consisting of taurates, ligno-
sulfonates, phosphate esters and
polyvinylpyrrolidone. Pinoxaden EC formulation
The Australian company Titan Ag Pty
Ltd seeks patent protection for an EC
formulation of pinoxaden with a solvent
OTHER INTERESTING APPLICATIONS composition, preferably comprising
acetophenone and N-methylpyrrolidone.
Secondary alcohol phosphate esters The patent-pending herbicide
Arkema France discloses in patent formulation preferably contains the
applications FR3073521 and herbicide safener cloquintocet-mexyl.
WO2019092367 the preparation and use Details of the new pinoxaden
of secondary alcohol phosphate esters. formulation are disclosed in patent
According to the inventor, a whole range publication AU2019100546.
of agrochemical and industrial
applications are conceivable.
Abamectin microcapsule formulation
Formulators at Dow Global Technologies
New crystal form of tebuconazole LLC present in patent application
East China University of Science and WO2019126922 an improved abamectin
Technology has applied for a patent microcapsule formulation. For this
covering a new crystal modification of purpose, the formulators used specific
the fungicide tebuconazole. This crystal polar solvents (e.g. Solvesso 150) in
polymorph has a high solubility, com- conjunction with non-polar solvents
pared to the original active ingredient, (e.g. texanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-
as measured in ethanol. The inventors pentanediol monoisobutyrate).
mention a series of other advantages
in the Chinese-language patent
publication WO2019095891. Triflusulfuron-methyl formulation
The Russian company Agro Expert
Group has formulated a liquid
Acaricide comprising surfactant and composition with the sulfonylurea
penetrant herbicide triflusulfuron-methyl as active
The Chinese company Chongqing Lingshi ingredient. The precise composition is
Agricultural Tech Co Ltd. seeks patent disclosed in the Russian-language
protection for an acaricide consisting of patent publication RU2694633.
an ethoxylated trisiloxane surfactant

Symposia

Plant Health 2019

Agrochemicals / Adjuvants and formulations / Application

Residual effect of fungicides applied for flower protection and control of sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Poster 121
Zinc oxide as an ultraviolet light protectant for natamycin in pre-havest management of gray mold and powdery mildew of
strawberry. Poster 102
Improved seed treatment efficacy by nanoencapsulation of fungicides for the control of Fusarium graminearum. Poster 135
Control of blue mold of apples by Academy application via thermal fogging. Poster 151
The efficacy of MgO bactericide against bacterial spot disease of tomato is particle size-dependent. Poster 103

Continued page 8
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 8

Continued from page 7

A novel fogging technology for use in reducing pathogen count on seeds, SteraMist using TOMI’s Binary Ionization
Technology platform (BIT). Oral presentation
Evaluation of a single seedling treatment with nanoscale nutrients to control Fusarium wilt symptoms of chrysanthemum.
Poster 128
Stomata-mediated plant immune response against microbe invasion. Oral presentation
The role of plant cuticle in defense against diverse pathogens. Oral presentation

Biopesticides
Biological product formulation and production processes and challenges. Oral presentation
PreBiotech, a micronized formulation of crustacean meal designed for use as a prebiotic to improve the performance of
biological fungicides. Oral presentation
Dip before you stick: benefits and risks of cutting dip treatments against arthropod pests. Oral presentation
Biological control activity of Bacillus sp. RAB14R against rice blast disease and its formulation to increase shelf life. Poster 061
Microbial solutions for agriculture: challenges for academia and industry. Poster 071
Enhanced hypovirus transmission by engineered super donor strains of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria
parasitica, in a forest setting. Poster 077

ACS Fall 2019 National Meeting & Exposition

This meeting provided hard information about agrochemical adjuvants and formulations as well as useful background
information about products and processes, research tools and methods.

General interest
Development of functional materials by utilizing bioresource polymers. AGFD 228
Cellulose nanocrystals confined to polymer microgels. AGFD 232
New finds about the mechanism of wormlike micelle formation involving a cationic surfactant and salicylate. COLL 141
Surfactant-induced reorganization of the hydrophobic phase at nanoemulsion interfaces. COLL 584
Microemulsion formation by the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation concept using carboxylate based extended surfactants:
Effect of ethylene oxide group. ENFL 455
Switchable surfactants for the preparation of monodisperse nanoparticles. INOR 443
Interfacial H-bond dynamics in reverse micelles: Role of surfactant heterogeneity. PHYS 88
Ionic liquids as potential drug delivery and drug formulation biomaterials: Studies of membrane permeability and
cytotoxicity. PHYS 406
Thermodynamic characterization of micelle formation of gemini surfactants. PHYS 461
Formulation of functional soft materials with microfluids. PMSE 42
Functional encapsulation by the miniemulsion process. PMSE 131
New materials from thermodynamically stable dispersions. PMSE 132
Drug monomer: Methods for maximized loading of biologics and small molecular therapeutics on triggerable polymers and
nanoparticles. PMSE 135
Radical ring-opening copolymerization-induced self-assembly (rROPISA). PMSE 136
Biodegradable latex: Emulsion ring opening polymerization. PMSE 137

Agrochemicals general
Application of SFC to achiral agricultural active ingredients. AGRO 76
Crop protection industry and the new age of insecticide discovery. AGRO 107
Metabolism prediction and metabolite identification using biotransformer: Applications in crop protection discovery. AGRO 141
Improved lipophilicity (clogD) QSAR models for agrochemicals. AGRO 338
Finding novel lead compounds in pesticide discovery inspired by pharmaceutical research. AGRO 397
High throughput environmental fate and metabolism assays to support pesticide discovery & development. AGRO 398
New agrochemical products: Clearing a path for commercialization. AGRO 412

Agrochemicals / Adjuvants and formulations

Agrochemical forced degradation studies and their role in analytical method and formulation development. AGRO 72
Tiered approach for exposure and risk assessment of inert ingredients in pesticide product formulations. AGRO 128
Removing the guesswork from stability analysis: Quantifying and prediction of the physical stability of dispersions. AGRO 164
Using design of experiments to optimize complex formulations. AGRO 165

Continued page 9
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 9

Continued from page 8

Structured surfactant technology: Novel suspensive system by surfactant self-assembly, allowing for complex
agrochemical formulations not achievable through conventional methods. AGRO 166
Formulations based on self-assembled polymer systems. AGRO 167
Structuring of fertilizer compatible suspension concentrates. AGRO 168
Innovative approaches to deliver natural product and natural-derived solutions for crop protection. AGRO 176
Nanoscale agrochemicals for precision agriculture and sustainable environment. AGRO 191
Nanoparticles of Cu and Si for the suppression of plant diseases. AGRO 192
Molecular and physiological responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants exposed to nano, bulk, and ionic copper
compounds. AGRO 193
High aspect ratio nanomaterials enable biomolecule delivery and transgene expression or silencing in intact plants. AGRO 194
Evaluating the potential of a suite of metal colloids for the treatment of pathogenic diseases: Case study for citrus
greening disease. AGRO 195
Enhanced microbial pesticides via rainfastness and UV resistance improvement. AGRO 198
Influence of solvent chemistry on the viscosity of high-load emulsifiable concentrate agrochemical formulations. AGRO 200
Pollinators as keystones of agriculture and natural ecosystems: Impact of organosilicone spray adjuvants on their health
and reproduction. AGRO 221
Pesticide-loaded cationic zein nanoparticle as a control agent against soybean looper. AGFD 229
Continuous flow formulations by fast nanoprecipitation and in silico structure determination of selected agrochemical
active ingredients. AGFD 237
Complex nanoparticles for delivering crop protection agents. AGRO 298
Optimization of manufacturing process to improve the physical stability of oil-in-water emulsion agricultural formulation.
AGRO 311
Use of polar co-solvents to improve dilution properties at low temperature of high-load emulsifiable concentrate (EC)
agrochemical formulations. AGRO 312
Overview of the application of surface chemistry in pesticide formulations. AGRO 313
Advances in the synthesis, design, and formulation of semiochemicals used to control tephritid fruit flies (Diptera:
Tephritidae). AGRO 364
Metribuzin crystal growth inhibition in a premixture formulation: Fierce® MTZ herbicide. AGRO 392
Layered formulating to improve stability of seed treatment blends. AGRO 393
Finally: An application designed to meet the research needs of formulators. AGRO 394
Addressing physical stability of complex suspension formulations. AGRO 395
Seed priming with nanomaterials from agro-industrial byproducts modulate the growth and metabolome of onion
seedlings. AGFD 230

Spray drift
Atmospheric fate of neonicotinoids as pure compounds and in formulations. AGRO 288
Spray drift characterization using an ambient breeze tunnel. AGRO 293
Standardizing methods of spray drift measurement. AGRO 349
Assessment of spray drift and resulting plant effects in a non-target plant field study. AGRO 351
Drift potential from glyphosate and 2,4-D applications as influenced by nozzle type and adjuvants. AGRO 353
Effect of adjuvants on dicamba droplet size and physicochemical properties of the solution. AGRO 354
Spray drift from drone application. AGRO 388

Application
Implementation of sUAVs into public health vector control programs. AGRO 387
Spray drift from drone application. AGRO 388
Precision pesticide applications with remotely-piloted aerial spray systems (RASS) in a steep vineyard setting. AGRO 389
Best management practices (BMP) for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications to improve rice pest control in China
with FMC’s Rynaxypyr® products. AGRO 390
Unmanned aerial spraying of pesticides in Brazil: Regulation and expectations. AGRO 391

Fertiliser
Urea cocrystal design for improved agrochemical nitrogen management. AGRO 47
Effects of nanotechnology fertilizers on soybean plant runoff water. AGRO 190
Natural wax nanoparticles induce changes in morphology and physical properties of polysaccharides after spray drying:
Applications for development of controlled-release formulations. AGRO 203
Therapeutic nanoparticles penetrate leaves and deliver nutrients to agricultural crops improving tomato yields. AGFD 231
Encapsulation within emulsion-templated elastomers: water and fertilizer for plant growth. PMSE 134
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 10

POLYMERS FOR AGRI-FOOD

New books
APPLICATIONS

SURVISMETER The Venezuelan chemist Tomy Gutiérrez

is editor a new book about natural and
The survismeter is an instrument for synthetic polymer systems that may be
simultaneously determination of surface of use in agriculture – from
tension, viscosity, interfacial tension, agrochemical formulations to
contact angle, wetting coefficient and biodegradable mulch films and edible
friccohesity of solutions in the coatings for fruit and vegetables.
laboratory. The survismeter (or Borosil Together, the authors of the 27 chapters
Mansingh Survismeter in full) is present an exhaustive analysis of the
developed by the Indian chemist Man trends in the development and use of
Singh (Central University of Gujarat). these polymer systems. Polymers for
Jenny Stanford Publishing (previously Agri-Food Applications is published by
Pan Stanford Publishing) has recently Springer and is available as hard cover
published a book from the hand of the (upcoming) and ebook.
inventor of the survismeter titled
Survismeter: Fundamentals, Devices,
and Applications. This book is available
as hard cover and ebook.

GENERAL
Wetting and Spreading Dynamics, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138584075 and eISBN: 9780429506246
Carraher's Polymer Chemistry. 10th Edition. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781498737388 and eISBN: 9781315116600
Functional Polymers. Springer. ISBN: 9783319959863 and eISBN: 9783319959870 (upcoming)
Functional Biopolymers. Springer. ISBN: 9783319959894 and eISBN: 9783319959900 (upcoming)
Cellulose Derivatives. Springer. ISBN: 9783319731674 (hard cover), ISBN: 9783319892368 (soft cover) and eISBN:
9783319731681
Polymer Micelles. Mdpi AG. ISBN: 9783038428077 and eISBN: 9783038428084 (PDF, free downlaod)
Alginates: Applications in the Biomedical and Food Industries. Wiley-Scrivener. ISBN: 9781119487913 and eISBN: 9781119487975
Lignin Chemistry and Applications. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780128139417 and eISBN: 9780128139639

METHODOLOGY
Measurement Techniques and Practices of Colloid and Interface Phenomena. Springer. ISBN: 9789811359309 and eISBN:
9789811359316
Survismeter: Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications. Jenny Stanford Publishing (formerly Pan Stanford Publishing). ISBN:
9789814774703 and eISBN: 9780429027611

FORMULATION (GENERAL)
Biopolymer-Based Formulations: Biomedical and Food Applications. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780128168974 (upcoming, no ebook
available yet)

AGROCHEMICALS
Agrochemicals in Plant Disease Management. Scientific Publishers. ISBN: 9789388043564 and eISBN: 9789387991910
Sustainable Agrochemistry. A Compendium of Technologies. Springer. ISBN: 9783030178901 and eISBN: 9783030178918

BIOPESTICIDES
Roles of Natural Products for Biorational Pesticides in Agriculture. ACS Symposium Series Volume 1294. ISBN:
9780841233553 and eISBN: 9780841233546

AGROCHEMICAL FORMULATION
Polymers for Agri-Food Applications. Springer. ISBN: 9783030194154 (upcoming) and eISBN: 9783030194161

Research and development of adjuvants and formulations have common ground with many other disciplines.
Adjuvants & Formulations presents in this section agrochemistry-related publications, as well as productions that can
serve as eye-opener or that can broaden and deepen one’s know-how.
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 11

DRUG FORMULATION AND DELIVERY

Smart Nanovesicles for Drug Targeting and Delivery. Mdpi AG. eISBN: 9783038978947 and ISBN: 9783038978954 (PDF, free
download)
Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138118782 (upcoming, no ebook available yet)
Drug Delivery Systems. Academic Press. ISBN: 9780128144879 (upcoming, no ebook available yet)
COLLOIDS
Colloid Chemistry. Mdpi AG. ISBN: 9783038974598 or eISBN: 9783038974604 (PDF, free download)
Emerging Natural Hydrocolloids: Rheology and Functions. Wiley. ISBN: 9781119418665 and eISBN: 9781119418542
Food Hydrocolloids as Encapsulating Agents in Delivery Systems. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138600140 and eISBN: 9780429470585

DISPERSIONS
Monodispersed Particles 2nd Edition. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780444627490 (no ebook available yet)

GELS AND HYDROGELS

The Sol-to-Gel Transition. Springer. ISBN: 9783030200299 and eISBN: 9783030200305
Polymer Gels. Perspectives and Applications. Springer. ISBN: 9789811060793 (hard cover), ISBN: 9789811355639 (soft
cover) and eISBN: 9789811060809
Organic and Carbon Gels. Springer. ISBN: 9783030138967 and eISBN: 9783030138974
Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels. Springer. ISBN: 9783319778297 and eISBN: 9783319778303 (upcoming)

ENCAPSULATION AND MICROENCAPSULATION

Food Hydrocolloids as Encapsulating Agents in Delivery Systems. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138600140 and eISBN: 9780429470585
Plant oil encapsulation with pectin derivatives. Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN: 9783659955006
Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138118782 (upcoming, no ebook available yet)

SURFACTANTS AND BIOSURFACTANTS

Ionic Surfactants and Aqueous Solutions. Biomolecules, Metals and Nanoparticles. De Gruyter. ISBN: 9783110563368, eISBN:
9783110564808 (PDF) and eISBN: 9783110563757 (EPUB)
Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition. Academic Press / AOCS Press. ISBN:
9780128127056 and eISBN: 9780128127063
Microbial Biosurfactants and their Environmental and Industrial Applications. CRC Press. ISBN: 9781138197954 and eISBN:
9781315271767
Studies on the Behavior of Anionic Surfactant Sodiumdodecyl Sulphate (SDS). Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN:
9786138326434
Micellar Growth in Mixed Cationic-Nonionic Surfactants Systems. Lambert Academic Publishing. ISBN: 9786139971169
Surfactants. In Solution, at Interfaces and in Colloidal Dispersions. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198828600
(upcoming)
Optimizing Biosurfactant Production. Lekiah Pedro Peekate and Gideon O. Abu. ISBN: 9781092644327 and Kindle ebook

SOLVENTS
Databook of Solvents 2nd Edition. ChemTec Publishing / Elsevier / Amazon Digital Services. ISBN: 9781927885451, eISBN:
9781927885468 and Kindle ebook
Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1: Properties. 3rd Edition. ChemTec Publishing / Elsevier / Amazon Digital Services. ISBN:
9781927885383, eISBN: 9781927885406 and Kindle ebook
Handbook of Solvents. Volume 2: Use, Health, and Environment 3rd Edition. 3rd Edition. ChemTec Publishing / Elsevier /
Amazon Digital Services. ISBN: 9781927885413, eISBN: 9781927885420 and Kindle ebook
Databook of Green Solvents 2nd Edition. ChemTec Publishing / Elsevier / Amazon Digital Services. ISBN: 9781927885437,
eISBN: 9781927885444 and Kindle ebook
Industrial Applications of Green Solvents – Volume I. Materials Research Forum. ISBN: 9781644900222 and eISBN:
9781644900239 (PDF)
Industrial Applications of Green Solvents – Volume II. Materials Research Forum LLC. ISBN: 9781644900307 and eISBN:
9781644900314 (PDF)

RHEOLOGY
Emerging Natural Hydrocolloids: Rheology and Functions. Wiley. ISBN: 9781119418665 and eISBN: 9781119418542

NANOTECHNOLOGY
Virus-Derived Nanoparticles for Advanced Technologies. Springer. ISBN: 9781493978069 and eISBN: 9781493978083
Nanoscience for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer. ISBN: 9783319978512 and eISBN: 9783319978529 (upcoming)
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 12

Literature

GENERAL
Organic microcontaminants in tomato crops irrigated with reclaimed water grown under field conditions: occurrence, uptake,
and health risk assessment. J Ag Food Chem 67(2019)25: 6930-6939
Weakly charged droplet fundamentally changes impact dynamics on flat surfaces. Soft Matter 15(2019)28: 5548-5553
Stacking process of deltamethrin droplets on spinach leaves surface and its pesticide application effects. Agrochemicals
58(2019)8: 584-588
Deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrates droplets superposition and coagulation behavior on water spinach leaf surface.
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 514-522 Open Access

HERBICIDES
A clay‐based formulation of the herbicide imazaquin containing exclusively the biologically active enantiomer. Pest Manag Sci
75(2019)7: 1894-1901
Dicamba volatility in humidomes as affected by temperature and herbicide treatment. Weed Technol 33(2019)4: 541-546
Spray mixture pH as affected by dicamba, glyphosate, and spray additives. Weed Technol 33(2019)4: 547-554
Influence of carrier water pH, foliar fertilizer, and ammonium sulfate on 2,4-D and 2,4-D plus glyphosate efficacy. Weed
Technol 33(2019)4: 562-568
Mineralization of vegetable oils used for thermal weed control in arable soils. Biol Fert Soils 55(2019)5: 471-480
Preparation and physical stability analysis of nicosulfuron·atrazine 24% OD with methyl oleate as dispersing medium.
Agrochemicals 58(2019)6: 420-422, 435
Development of solvent-free suspo-emulsion of florasulam·carfentrazone-ethyl 3% SE. Agrochemicals 58(2019)8: 576-579
Exploration of a pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 2% PG. Modern Agrochemicals 18(2019)3: 20-23

FUNGICIDES
Film-forming polymers and surfactants reduce infection and sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum on rhododendron. Plant
Dis 103(2019)6: 1148-1155
Oil adjuvants enhance the efficacy of pyraclostrobin in managing cucumber powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) by
modifying the affinity of fungicide droplets on diseased leaves. Plant Dis 103(20-19)7: 1657-1664
Preparation of pyraclostrobin·boscalid 38% SC. Agrochemicals 58(2019)5: 332-335
High inhibition effect of nano-silver sol prepared by plant reduction method against three pathogenic fungi on ginseng.
Agrochemicals 58(2019)6: 423-426, 439
Preparation of epoxiconazole·azoxystrobin 35% SC and its bioactivity evaluation. Agrochemicals 58(2019)7: 491-494
Effect of the composite system derived from polycarboxylate and polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dispersant on the
dispersion stability of tebuconazole aqueous suspension concentrate. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 523-
530 Open Access
Evaluation of acute toxicity of four tebuconazole formula to Daphnia magna. Modern Agrochemicals 18(2019)2: 32-34
Application of polymer emulsifier in difenoconazole+pyraclostrobin 40% EW. Modern Agrochemicals 18(2019)3: 28-31, 38

INSECTICIDES
Preparation of emamectin benzoate microcapsule by solvent evaporation and characterization of its properties. Agrochemicals
58(2019)7: 487-490, 514
Effect of initial oil-water ratio on physico-chemical properties of lambda-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension. Chinese Journal
of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 545-550 Open Access
Synergistic effect of five spray adjuvants on spirodiclofen 240 g/L suspension concentrate and pyridaben 15% emulsifiable
concentrate for the control of Paracoccus marginatus. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 531-537 Open Access
Preparation of high concentration lambda-cyhalothrin CS. Modern Agrochemicals 18(2019)3: 24-27, 38

NEMATICIDES
Preparation of 10% emamectin benzoate soluble granule for trunk injection and its control efficacy on pine wilt disease.
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 538-544 Open Access

RODENTICIDES
Preparation and characterization of D type botulinum toxin protein biomimetic mineralized rodenticide. Agrochemicals
58(2019)7: 495-500

BIOPESTICIDES
Formulation of South African entomopathogenic nematodes using alginate beads and diatomaceous earth. BioControl
64(2019)4: 413-422
Shelf life improvement of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 by suitable package and storage conditions. BioControl
64(2019)4: 435-446
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 13

Biocontrol of phytobacteria with bacteriophage cocktails. Pest Manag Sci 75(2019)7: 1775-1781
Development of Bacillus subtilis JN005 WP and its control effect on rice blast. Agrochemicals 58(2019)6: 415-419

FERTILISERS
Dimethylolurea as a novel slow-release nitrogen source for nitrogen leaching mitigation and crop production. J Ag Food Chem
67(2019)26: 7616-7625
Solubility of ten iron fertilizers in eleven North American soils. Agron J 111(2019)3: 1498-1505
Biodegradable PASP can effectively inhibit nitrification, moderate NH3 emission, and promote crop yield. Arch Agron Soil Sci
65(2019)9: 1273-1286
Morpho-physiological response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to particle size and rates of zinc fertilizer. Commun Soil Sci Plan
50(2019)10: 1250-1257
Copper ferrite nanoparticles as nutritive supplement for cucumber plants grown under hydroponic system. J Plant Nutr
42(2019)14: 1645-1659
Lipid-based Fe- and Zn- nanoformulation is more effective in alleviating Fe- and Zn- deficiency in maize. J Plant Nutr
42(2019)14: 1693-1706
Development of superabsorbent soy protein‐based bioplastic matrices with incorporated zinc for horticulture. J Sci Food Agr
99(2019)10: 4825-4832
Fate and bioavailability of phosphorus loaded to iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles added to weathered soils. Plant Soil
438(2019)1-2: 297–311
Effects of foliar application of the mixture of copper and chelated iron on the yield, quality, photosynthesis, and microelement
concentration of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 254(2019): 106-115

SEED TREATMENT
The effects of drought-resistant seed coating formulations on dry field wheat yield and control effects of sharp eyespot and
aphids. Agrochemicals 58(2019)6: 451-453, 457

FORMULATION
Association of zein nanoparticles with botanical compounds for effective pest control systems. Pest Manag Sci 75(2019)7:
1855-1865
A polymer/detergent formulation improves dsRNA penetration through the body wall and RNAi‐induced mortality in the
soybean aphid Aphis glycines. Pest Manag Sci 75(2019)7: 1993-1999
Post‐harvest management control of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): new insights through essential
oil encapsulation in cyclodextrin. Pest Manag Sci 75(2019)7: 2000-2008
Citronella oil‐loaded electrospun micro/nanofibrous matrices as sustained repellency systems for the Asian tiger mosquito
Aedes albopictus. Pest Manag Sci 75(2019)8: 2142-2147
Pectin/chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles: efficient carriers for reducing soil sorption, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of
paraquat and enhancing its herbicide activity. J Ag Food Chem 67(2019)20: 5736-5745
An insight into the mechanism of antifungal activity of biogenic nanoparticles than their chemical counterparts. Pestic
Biochem Phys 157(2019): 45-52
Research advances on application of mesoporous silica as novel pesticides carriers. Agrochemicals 58(2019)5: 313-317, 323

SPECIFIC RELEASE
Research progress of nanomaterials in slow/controlled release pesticides. Agrochemicals 58(2019)5: 318-323

NANOTECHNOLOGY
Ecofriendly nanomaterials for controlling gray mold of table grapes and maintaining postharvest quality. Eur J Plant Pathol
154(2019)2: 377-388
In vitro antimicrobial effect of metallic nanoparticles on phytopathogenic strains of crop plants. J Phytopathol 167(2019)7-8:
461-469
Evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles effects with two application methods on wheat under drought stress. J Plant Nutr
42(2019)13: 1439-1451
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tomato leaf extract and their entrapment in chitosan nanoparticles to control
bacterial wilt. J Sci Food Agr 99(2019)9: 4248-4259
Soil mobility of synthetic and virus-based model nanopesticides. Nat Nanotechnol 14(2010): 712-718
Performance of calcium nanoparticles blending with ascorbic acid and alleviation internal browning of ‘Hindi Be-Sennara’
mango fruit at a low temperature. Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 254(2019): 199-207
Research progress of nanomaterials in slow/controlled release pesticides. Agrochemicals 58(2019)5: 318-323

CHEMISTRY
Controlled release of agrochemicals using pH and redox dual-responsive cellulose nanogels. J Ag Food Chem 67(2019)24:
6700-6707
Continued page 14
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 14

Item of the month

Biocontrol of phytobacteria with bacteriophage cocktails

Kelvin K Kering et al. (Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China) reviewed the
application of bacteriophages for control of phytobacteria.
“Crop loss due to plant pathogens has provoked renewed
interest in bacteriophages as a feasible biocontrol strategy of
plant diseases. Phage cocktails in particular present a viable
option for broadening the phage host range, limiting the
emergence of bacterial resistance while maintaining the lytic
activity of the phages. It is therefore important that the
design used to formulate a phage cocktail should result in the
most effective cocktail against the pathogen. It is also critical
that certain factors are considered during the formulation
and application of a phage cocktail: their stability, the
production time and cost of complex cocktails, the potential
impact on untargeted bacteria, the timing of phage
application, and the persistence in the plant environment.
Continuous monitoring is required to ensure that the efficacy
of a cocktail is sustained due to the dynamic nature of
phages. Although phage cocktails are considered as a
plausible biocontrol strategy of phytobacteria, more research
needs to be done to understand the complex interaction
between phages and bacteria in the plant environment, and
to overcome the technical obstacles.” More online. Example of a bacteriophage; Wikipedia

Continued from 13

Novel semi-IPN nanocomposites with functions of both nutrient slow-release and water retention. 1. microscopic structure,
water absorbency, and degradation performance. J Ag Food Chem 67(2019)27: 7587-7597
Novel semi-IPN nanocomposites with functions of both nutrient slow-release and water retention. 2. Effects on soil fertility
and tomato quality. J Ag Food Chem 67(2019)27: 7598-7608
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and characterization of stearic acid sucrose ester: a bio‐based surfactant. J Surfactants Deterg
22(2019)4: 721-729
Synthesis and surface properties of polyether‐based silicone surfactants with different siloxane groups. J Surfactants Deterg
22(2019)4: 875-883
Marangoni flow and free convection during crystallization of a salt solution droplet. Colloid Surface A 572(2019): 37-46

DISPERSANTS
Influence of sodium lignosulfonate with different relative molecular mass and sulfonation degree on dry flowable as pesticide
dispersant. Agrochemicals 58(2019)8: 573-575, 588
Effect of the composite system derived from polycarboxylate and polyoxyethylene ether phosphate dispersant on the
dispersion stability of tebuconazole aqueous suspension concentrate. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science 21(2019)4: 523-
530 Open Access

SURFACTANTS
Stability of easily hydrolyzable beta-cypermethrin based O/W type drug-loading microemulsion. J Disper Sci Technol
40(2019)8: 1085-1092
Dynamic surface properties of aqueous media imparted by a sugar-modified organosiloxane surfactant. J Disper Sci Technol
40(2019)8: 1217-1223
Film-forming polymers and surfactants reduce infection and sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum on rhododendron. Plant
Dis 103(2019)6: 1148-1155

APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY
Efficacy of insecticide spray drone on Aphis gossypii control and the benefit evaluation. Chinese journal of pesticide science
21(2019)4: 366-371 Open Access
 Adjuvants & Formulations – July-August 2019 - page 15

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