LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

San Pablo City Campus

Del Remedio, San Pablo City
College of Engineering

Frequency Shift Keying

Laboratory Activity No. 5

Ortega, Noah Millicent R.

Group Leader

Delin, Xena Marie C.

Rios, Irish Dawn D.
Group Members

BSECE4B 1
Section Group Number

Criteria Rate Criteria Rate

Abstract Introduction
Experimental Procedure Results
Discussions Conclusions
Word Structure Appearance Score
Laboratory Activity 5 Frequency Shift Keying

ABSTRACT

ESSENTIALS
The process to generate FSK is similar to that for FM except that the message is
now a digital signal, d(t). In this simulation the square wave generator is used to sim-
ulate a ‘1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0…’ sequence. As for FM, the frequency modulator is a voltage-
to-frequency converter V/F, (or voltage controlled oscillator, VCO).

The ideal characteristic relating the output frequency and the input voltage
is linear as illustrated below.

∆𝑓𝑂𝑈𝑇
The gradient, , is called the frequency conversion factor, denoted by a
∆𝑉𝐼𝑁

Hz per volt.

In this case the input switches between two voltages. The diagram shows illus-
trates the characteristic for a unipolar digital signal, where a ‘O’ is 0 volts and a ‘1’
is + V volts. Bipolar signals, where a ‘O’ is-V volts and a ‘1’ is + V volts also possible.

The peak-to-peak frequency deviation is given by:

𝑓1 − 𝑓0 = 𝑉1 − 𝑉0
The parameter corresponding to Modulation Index in FM is the ‘Normalised
Frequency Deviation Ration’, denoted by h, where:
𝑓1 − 𝑓0
ℎ=( )
𝑅

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Laboratory Activity 5 Frequency Shift Keying

APPARATUS
Computer or Laptop
NI Multisim Software

SPECIFICATION
NI MULTISIM

Family Value Quantity

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 1kHz 5V 1

CONTROLLED_VOLTAGE_SOURCES -1.0V 1.0V 1

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 5V 1kHz 100Hz 1

SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_SOURCES 1Vpk 1kHz 90º 1

POWER_SOURCES Ground 4
INSTRUMENT Oscilloscope 2

INSTRUMENT Spectrum Ana- 2

lyzer

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2.1 – Frequency Shift Keying

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Laboratory Activity 5 Frequency Shift Keying

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 In this simulation, the square wave generator at 600 Hz represents data
at 1200 bits per second and at 1200 Baud.
 Refer to the class discussion for a more detailed explanation of FSK, bot
rate and Baud rate.
 The first step in this simulation is to measure the V/F characteristic. Double
click on the V/F and record the parameters referring to voltage and
frequency. Sketch the V/F characteristics, and determine the frequency
conversion factor, a Hz per volt.
 Given that the message bit rate is 1200 bps, determine the normalized
frequency deviation ratio, h. Observe the waveforms and spectrum of
the FSK signal.

DATA AND RESULTS

Simulation using NI Multisim Software

Simulation using NI LabView Software

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

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