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LTE eRAN2.

1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Operation and maintenance (OM) of the radio access network has become increasingly
complex, difficult, and costly because of a huge amount of network elements,
implementation of different system standards, and coexistence of different equipment
vendors and telecom operators. To overcome this situation, the Self-Organization Network
(SON) concept is proposed. The main functions of SON are self-configuration, self-
optimization, and self-healing. ANR is a self-optimization function. It automatically
maintains the integrity and effectiveness of Neighbor Cell Lists (NCLs) to increase handover
success rates and improve network performance. In addition, ANR does not require
manual intervention, which reduces the costs of network planning and optimization.
 Neighbor relations are classified into normal and abnormal neighbor relations. Abnormal
neighbor relations exist in the cases of missing neighboring cells, unstable neighbor
relations, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage. ANR automatically
detects missing neighboring cells, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage
and analyzes neighbor relations.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Based on neighbor relations, ANR is classified into intra-RAT ANR and inter-RAT ANR.
Based on the methods of measuring neighboring cells, ANR is classified into event-
triggered ANR and fast ANR (also known as periodic ANR).

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 The NRT contains the following information, which can be updated automatically or
manually:
 SN: denotes the serial number of a neighbor relation. For E-UTRAN cell, maximum
to 32 intra-frequency neighbor relations and 64 inter-frequency neighbor relations
can be maintained in the table
 LCI: Local cell ID, identifies the source cell of a neighbor relation.
 TCI: identifies the target cell of a neighbor relation. This attribute is defined by the
ECGI of the target cell.
 NO Remove: indicates whether a neighbor relation can be removed from the NRT
by ANR. By default, the NO Remove attribute of a neighbor relation is set to FALSE.
 If the NO Remove attribute of a neighbor relation is TRUE, this neighbor
relation cannot be removed from the NRT.
 If the NO Remove attribute of a neighbor relation is FALSE, this neighbor
relation can be removed from the NRT.
 NO HO: indicates whether this neighbor relation can be used for a handover. By
default, the NO HO attribute of a neighbor relation is set to FALSE.
 If the NO HO attribute of a neighbor relation is TRUE, this neighbor relation
cannot be used for a handover.
 If the NO HO attribute of a neighbor relation is FALSE, this neighbor
relation can be used for a handover.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Temporary NRT has the same data structure as the NRT. Each cell has an intra-RAT
TempNRT but does not have an inter-RAT TempNRT. After detecting a new intra-RAT
neighbor relation, the eNodeB adds it to the intra-RAT TempNRT. Then, the eNodeB
regularly analyzes the neighbor relation in the TempNRT. If the new neighbor relation is
normal, the eNodeB adds it to the intra-RAT NRT.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 HO blacklist contains the information about neighbor relations that cannot be removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR or used for a handover. The neighbor relations in the
HO blacklist must meet the following conditions:
 NO Remove = TRUE
 NO HO = TRUE
 A neighbor relation is added to the HO blacklist if one of the following conditions is met:
 The neighbor relation is unstable or leads to a low handover success rate but does
not reach the threshold for automatically removing the neighbor relation.
 The neighbor relation is removed and added frequently, causing a ping-pong
effect.
 HO white list contains the information about neighbor relations that cannot be removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR but can be used for a handover. The neighbor
relations in the HO white list must meet the following conditions:
 NO Remove = TRUE
 NO HO = FALSE
 A neighbor relation is added to the HO whitelist in some special cases. For example: one
eNodeB must stop servicing if it needs to be maintained for a long period. As a result, the
NRTs of this eNodeB and its surrounding eNodeBs change significantly. To prevent such
changes and future time-consuming re-establishment of neighbor relations by using ANR,
telecom operators add associated neighbor relations to the HO white list. In this case,
these neighbor relations cannot be removed, and the eNodeB does not need to establish
them after it resumes.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Abnormal neighboring cell coverage refers to the coverage of a cell that is not adjacent to
the serving cell but can be detected by a UE in the serving cell. The eNodeB regards this
cell as a neighboring cell of the serving cell and therefore attempts to add the neighbor
relation to the NRT. The signals of an abnormal neighboring cell are generally unstable and
therefore the success rate of handovers to this cell is low.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Intra-RAT event-triggered ANR detects missing neighboring cells by using event-triggered


UE measurements or UE history information. In addition, it detects PCI collisions and
abnormal neighboring cell coverage and analyzes neighbor relations.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Intra-RAT event-triggered ANR is controlled by the IntraRatEventAnrSwitch check box


under the AnrSwitch parameter. The intra-RAT event-triggered ANR function is activated
when the IntraRatEventAnrSwitch check box is selected.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 The procedure is described as follows:


1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-frequency measurement configuration to the
UE and requests the UE to measure inter-frequency neighboring cells that meet
the measurement configuration.
Note: The UE performs intra-frequency neighbor cell measurements by default.
And inter-frequency neighbor cell measurement is triggered by A2 event.
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B that meets the measurement configuration
and reports it to the source eNodeB. Then, the source eNodeB checks whether
the intra-RAT NCL of cell A includes the PCI of cell B. If yes, the procedure ends. If
no, the following steps continue.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read the ECGI, Tracking Area Code (TAC), and Public Land Mobile
Network (PLMN) ID list of cell B.
4. The source eNodeB schedules appropriate idle periods to allow the UE to read the
ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B over the broadcast channel (BCH).
5. The UE reports the detected ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B to the source
eNodeB.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 UE history information is containing the previous cell information. This information is


contained in handover request message. Following is the contents of information
 ECGI of last visit cell
 Type of last visit cell
 Duration of UE for camping on the cell
 The above flow shows how to detect missing neighbor cell by using UE history information
1. The source eNodeB sends a Handover Request message to the target eNodeB
including UE history information
2. The target eNodeB obtains the UE history information from the message. If the
target eNodeB detects that the ECGI of the last visited cell (that is, cell A, the
source cell) does not exist in the NCL of the target cell (cell B), cell A is considered
as a new neighboring cell of cell B.
3. The target eNodeB reports the ECGI of cell A to the M2000.
4. The M2000 queries the PCI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell A based on the
reported ECGI and sends the parameters to the target eNodeB.
The target eNodeB adds cell A to the intra-RAT NCL of cell B and adds the
neighbor relation to the intra-RAT TempNRT.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Automatic analysis of neighbor relations involves “Analyzing Neighbor Relations in the


Intra-RAT TempNRT” and “Analyzing Neighbor Relations in the Intra-RAT NRT
 Automatic analysis of neighbor relations ensures the effectiveness of neighbor relations.
The neighbor relations in the intra-RAT NRT meet requirements (for example, number of
handover attempts and handover success rate) and therefore can ensure handover
performance. In contrast, the neighbor relations in the intra-RAT TempNRT do not meet
the requirements and therefore cannot ensure handover performance.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 eNodeB calculates the number of handover attempts and the handover success rate for a
neighbor relation after the neighbor relation is added to the TempNRT.
 At the end of a measurement period, the eNodeB checks the statistical result to analyze
the neighbor relation. The neighbor relations that do not meet the requirements are
removed from or kept in the TempNRT for later analysis.
 At the end of a measurement period, the eNodeB removes a neighbor relation from the
TempNRT in one of the following cases:
 The neighbor relation is removed from the intra-RAT TempNRT and is added to the
intra-RAT NRT if number of handover attempts to a neighboring cell is greater than
or equal to the value specified by the NCellHOStatNum parameter, and the
handover success rate is greater than or equal to the value specified by the
AddCellThd parameter.
 The neighbor relation is removed from the intra-RAT TempNRT but is not added to
the intra-RAT NRT if the number of handover attempts to all neighboring cells is
greater than or equal to the value specified by the NCellHOStatNum parameter,
and the number of UE reports for a neighboring cell is smaller than a specified
threshold specified by the DelCellThd parameter.
 Otherwise, the eNodeB keeps the neighbor relation in the intra-RAT TempNRT for the
further analysis.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 During automatic analysis of neighbor relations in the intra-RAT NRT, the eNodeB
calculates the number of handover attempts and the handover success rate for a neighbor
relation after the neighbor relation is added to the intra-RAT NRT from the intra-RAT
TempNRT. At the end of a measurement period, the eNodeB checks the statistical result to
analyze the neighbor relation. The neighbor relations that meet the requirements are
added to the intra-RAT NRT.
 At the end of a measurement period, the eNodeB add a neighbor relation to the intra-RAT
TempNRT from the intra-RAT NRT in one of the following case:
 The number of handover attempts to a neighboring cell is greater than or equal to
the value specified by the NCellHOStatNum parameter, and the handover success
rate is greater than or equal to the value specified by the DelCellThd parameter.
 The number of handover attempts to all neighboring cells is greater than or equal
to the value specified by the NCellHOStatNum parameter, and the number of UE
reports for a neighboring cell is smaller than a specified threshold.
 Otherwise, the eNodeB keeps the neighbor relation in the intra-RAT NRT.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

Parameter Description Recommendation

Indicates the period during which the number of


handovers is measured by ANR to make
StatisticPeriod 1440min
decisions on neighboring relation setup or
removal.

Indicates the number of handovers based on


NCellHOStatNum which ANR makes decisions on neighboring 200 times
relation setup or removal.

Indicates the threshold above which a


AddCellThd neighboring cell of an E-UTRAN cell is added 80%
by ANR

Indicates the threshold below which a


DelCellThd neighboring cell of an E-UTRAN cell is removed 60%
by ANR

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 A PCI collision means two cells in an NCL have the same PCI but different ECGIs. PCI
collisions may be caused by improper network planning or abnormal neighboring cell
coverage.If two neighboring cells have the same PCI, interference will be caused.
 After adding a neighbor relation to its intra-RAT NRT, the eNodeB compares the PCI of the
new neighboring cell with the PCIs of existing neighboring cells. If the new neighboring
cell and any existing neighboring cell have different ECGIs but the same PCI, the eNodeB
reports PCI collisions to the M2000. The M2000 collects statistics about PCI collisions,
generates a list of information about PCI collisions, and reports PCI collision alarms.
 PCI reallocation is a process of reallocating a new PCI to a cell whose PCI collides with the
PCI of another cell. The purpose is to eliminate PCI collisions. The M2000 triggers the PCI
reallocation algorithm to provide suggestions on PCI reallocation.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Abnormal neighboring cell coverage refers to the coverage of a cell that is not adjacent to
the serving cell but can be detected by a UE in the serving cell. Abnormal neighboring cell
coverage decreases the handover success rate because of abnormal neighbor relations it
has introduced. Therefore, detecting and eliminating abnormal neighboring cell coverage
play an important role in network optimization.
 If the IntraRatEventAnrSwitch check box is selected, the M2000 triggers the algorithm
for detecting abnormal neighboring cell coverage and listing abnormal neighboring cells
when:
 The M2000 receives from the eNodeA a request for adding a new neighbor
relation to the intra-RAT NRT.
 Operator request for querying the information about abnormal neighboring cell
coverage.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 On M2000 client, chose Configuration->ANR Management, on the Neighbor Management


page, click query bottom.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Assume that cell A and cell B are involved in a handover. The UE is under the coverage of
cell A, and cell B may be an abnormal neighboring cell of cell A. Figure 4-3 shows the
process of detecting abnormal neighboring cell coverage.
 The process of detecting abnormal neighboring cell coverage is as follows:
 Abnormal cell detection algorithm triggered
 It queries the longitudes and latitudes of cell A (serving cell) and cell B (target cell).
 It calculates the distance between cell A and cell B.
 It checks whether the distance between cell A and cell B exceeds the maximum
distance between two normal neighboring cells. If yes, go to step 5. If no, the
coverage of cell B is considered as normal.
 It calculates the number of layers between cell A and cell B.
 Note: The number of layers between cell A and cell B refers to the number
of non-intra-eNodeB neighboring cells dropping in the circle whose
diameter is the line connecting the centers of the two cells.
 It checks whether the number of layers exceeds the maximum value. If yes, the
coverage of cell B is considered abnormal. If no, the coverage of cell B is
considered as normal.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Before a UE performs handovers, the eNodeB can obtain the information about all
neighboring cells with certain RSRP (it is specified by the FastAnrRsrpThd parameter)
based on the reporting of periodic UE measurements. This reduces the impact of event-
triggered UE measurements on handover performance when the UE performs handovers.
 After intra-RAT fast ANR is activated, the eNodeB automatically detects missing
neighboring cells by using periodic UE measurements of intra-RAT intra-frequency or inter-
frequency cells. The UE involved in periodic measurements reports all detected neighboring
cells to the eNodeB at a regular interval, which is specified by the FastAnrRprtInterval
parameter. Then, the eNodeB adds the missing neighboring cells to its intra-RAT NCL. The
procedure for detecting missing neighboring cells by using periodic UE measurements is
the same as that by using event-triggered UE measurements.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 When the number of involved UEs reaches the upper limit, the eNodeB does not select a
new UE for periodic measurements until a UE stops periodic measurements. The upper
limit is specified by the FastAnrIntraRatMeasUeNum parameter.
 Periodic UE measurements also increase the power consumption of a UE. Therefore, intra-
RAT fast ANR restricts the number of periodic measurement reports by each UE. When the
number of periodic measurement reports by a UE reaches the upper limit, the UE stops
periodic measurements so that the eNodeB can select another UE for periodic
measurements until the eNodeB deactivates intra-RAT fast ANR. The upper limit is
specified by the FastAnrRprtAmount parameter.
 The total number of neighboring cells that meet the RSRP requirement is limited, and
periodic UE measurements have a negative impact on the uplink throughput of the
network. Therefore, intra-RAT fast ANR restricts the total number of UEs involved in intra-
RAT periodic measurements. The eNodeB checks whether the total number of involved
UEs reaches the upper limit at a regular interval, which is specified by the
FastAnrCheckPeriod parameter. The upper limit is specified by the
FastAnrIntraRatUeNumThd parameter. If yes, the eNodeB automatically deactivates
intra-RAT fast ANR. If no, periodic UE measurements continue.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Command : MOD ANR

Parameter Description Recommendation

FastAnrRsrpThd Indicates the RSRP threshold for fast ANR. -102dBm

Indicates the interval at which periodic measurement


FastAnrRprtInterval 2048ms
reports are sent for fast ANR

Indicates the number of periodic measurement reports


FastAnrRprtAmount 64 times
sent for fast ANR

Indicates the maximum allowed number of UEs that


FastAnrIntraRatMeasUeNum 5
perform intra-RAT measurements for fast ANR

Indicates the minimum required number of UEs that have


FastAnrIntraRatUeNumThd performed measurements for fast ANR before intra-RAT 20
fast ANR can be automatically disabled.

Indicates the fast ANR checking timer. When the timer is


FastAnrCheckPeriod expired, the eNodeB automatically checks whether to 60min
disable fast ANR.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 The procedure is described as follows:


 The source eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration (including
target RATs and EARFCNs) to the UE, activates the measurement gap mode, and
instructs the UE to measure the neighboring cells that meet the measurement
configuration. It is triggered by A2 event.
 The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement configuration and
reports it to cell A. If the source eNodeB detects that its NCL does not include the
PCI of cell B, it proceeds to the following step. The PCI in the other system is
defined as following:
 GERAN: BSID
 UTRAN: Primary scrambling code
 CDMA: PN
 The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read other parameters of cell B, such as CGI.
 The source eNodeB schedules appropriate measurement gaps to allow the UE to
read the CGI and other parameters of cell B over the BCH.
 The UE reports the source eNodeB the CGI and other parameters of cell B. The
source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell to its inter-RAT NCL and
adds the neighbor relation to the inter-RAT NRT.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Command : MOD ANR

Parameter Description Recommendation

FastAnrRsrpThd Indicates the RSRP threshold for fast ANR. -102dBm

Indicates the interval at which periodic measurement reports


FastAnrRprtInterval 2048ms
are sent for fast ANR

Indicates the number of periodic measurement reports sent for


FastAnrRprtAmount 64 times
fast ANR

FastAnrInterRatMeas Indicates the maximum allowed number of UEs that perform


5
UeNum inter-RAT measurements for fast ANR

Indicates the minimum required number of UEs that have


FastAnrInterRatUeNu
performed measurements for fast ANR before inter-RAT fast 20
mThd
ANR can be automatically disabled.

Indicates the fast ANR checking timer. When the timer is


FastAnrCheckPeriod expired, the eNodeB automatically checks whether to disable 60min
fast ANR.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Parameter description

Parameter
MO Description
ID

GeranNcel Indicates whether handovers of UEs to the neighboring cell are


NoHoFlag
l prohibited.

GeranNcel Indicates whether to allow automatic removal of the neighboring


NoRmvFlag
l relation through the ANR algorithm.

Cdma200
Indicates whether handovers of UEs to the associated
0HrpdNcel NoHoFlag
neighboring cell are prohibited.
l

Cdma200
Indicates whether automatic removal of the neighboring relation
0HrpdNcel NoRmvFlag
through the ANR algorithm is prohibited.
l

Cdma200
Indicates whether handovers of UEs to the associated
01XRTTN NoHoFlag
neighboring cell are prohibited.
cell

Cdma200
Indicates whether automatic removal of the neighboring relation
01XRTTN NoRmvFlag
through the ANR algorithm is prohibited.
cell

UtranNCel Indicates whether to allow handover of UEs to the neighboring


NoHoFlag
l cell that is determined by the neighboring relation.

UtranNCel Indicates whether to allow automatic removal of the neighboring


NoRmvFlag
l relation through the ANR algorithm.

EutranIntr
Indicates whether handovers of UEs to the neighboring cell are
aFreqNCel NoHoFlag
prohibited.
l

EutranIntr
Indicates whether to allow automatic removal of the neighboring
aFreqNCel NoRmvFlag
relation through the ANR algorithm.
l

EutranInte Indicates whether handovers of UEs to the neighboring cell are


NoHoFlag
rFreqNCell prohibited.

EutranInte Indicates whether to allow automatic removal of the neighboring


NoRmvFlag
rFreqNCell relation through the ANR algorithm.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

 Parameter description

Parameter
MO Description
ID

Indicates the threshold above which a neighboring cell of an E-


UTRAN cell is added by ANR. The threshold is the percentage of
ANR AddCellThd
the number of successful handovers from the serving cell to the
neighboring cell to the total number of handovers.

Indicates the threshold below which a neighboring cell of an E-


UTRAN cell is removed by ANR. The threshold is the percentage
ANR DelCellThd
of the number of successful handovers from the serving cell to
the neighboring cell to the total number of handovers.

NCellHOSta Indicates the number of handovers based on which ANR makes


ANR
tNum decisions on neighboring relation setup or removal.

Indicates the period during which the number of handovers is


StatisticPeri
ANR measured by ANR to make decisions on neighboring relation
od
setup or removal.

FastAnrRprt Indicates the number of periodic measurement reports sent for


ANR
Amount fast ANR.

FastAnrRprt Indicates the interval at which periodic measurement reports are


ANR
Interval sent for fast ANR.

FastAnrChe Indicates the fast ANR checking timer. When the timer is expired,
ANR
ckPeriod the eNodeB automatically checks whether to disable fast ANR.

Indicates the RSRP threshold for fast ANR. If the signal quality in
FastAnrRsr
ANR a neighboring cell reported by the UE is lower than the threshold,
pThd
the cell is not automatically added to the NRT.

Indicates the maximum allowed number of UEs that perform


FastAnrIntra intra-RAT measurements for fast ANR. After the number of UEs
ANR RatMeasUe performing intra-RAT measurements for fast ANR reaches the
Num maximum number, intra-RAT measurements for fast ANR will not
be performed on other UEs.

Indicates the maximum allowed number of UEs that perform


FastAnrInter inter-RAT measurements for fast ANR. After the number of UEs
ANR RatMeasUe performing inter-RAT measurements for fast ANR reaches the
Num maximum number, inter-RAT measurements for fast ANR will not
be performed on other UEs.

FastAnrIntra Indicates the minimum required number of UEs that have


ANR RatUeNum performed measurements for fast ANR before intra-RAT fast ANR
Thd can be automatically disabled.

FastAnrInter Indicates the minimum required number of UEs that have


ANR RatUeNum performed measurements for fast ANR before inter-RAT fast ANR
Thd can be automatically disabled.

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LTE eRAN2.1 ANR Feature

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