MET Academy Architecture Department Mansoura, Egypt

10/7/2019
ARCHITECTURAL MET Academy

DESIGN [1] Architecture Department
Course code: ARC 1214 Mansoura, Egypt
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN [1]

Course code: ARC 1214
ARCHITECTURE
Form , Space and Order Lecture 2:
Form: Primary Elements, Primary Shapes (2D), Primary Solids (3D)
The main reference:
Francis D.K. Ching (1996), Architecture: Form, Space, & Order,
Jhon Wiley & Sons, INC, New York.
[1] ‫تصميم معماري‬
1428 / 2007
‫ر‬
:‫المحاضة الثانية‬
‫عناض التكوين المعماري‬
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
2 Dr. Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
1 Year 2019- 2020
ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN [1] DESIGN [1]
Course code: ARC 1214 Course code: ARC 1214
PRIMARY ELEMENTS Conceptual Elements of Design

Point and Point Elements “All Pictorial form begins with the
Point indicates a position in space point that sets itself in motion … The
A point extended becomes a point moves … and the line comes into
Line with properties of: being—the first dimension.
(length – Direction – position) If the line shifts to form a plane, we
A line extended becomes a
obtain a two-dimensional element.
Plane with properties of: In the movement from plane to spaces, the clash of
(length and width – shape – surface planes gives rise to body (three-dimensional) …
– orientation – position)
A plane extended becomes a A summary of the kinetic energies which move the
Volume with properties of: point into a line, the line into a plane, and the plane
(length, width and depth - form and into a spatial dimension”.
space – surface – orientation – position) Paul Klee

4 Dr. Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020 3 Dr. Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020
PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

1 1
Point and Point Elements Point and Point Elements
A point marks a position in space.
Conceptually, it has no length, width
or depth, and is therefore static,
centralized, directionless.
As the prime element in the vocabulary

of form, a point can serve to mark:
- the two ends of a line
- the intersection of two lines
- the meeting of lines at the corner of a
plane or volume
- the center of a field
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1 1
The Column of Marcus Obelisk of Pharaoh

Tholos of Polycystic, Greece Aurelius, Italy Senusret I, Cairo
(1st year /1stSemester) (1st year /1st Semester)


1 1
Cenotaph for sir isaac newton Baptistery at Pisa, Italy

2
Line and Line Elements 1
Point and Point Elements
A Line is a critical element in the

formation of any visual construction.
It can serve to:

-Join, link, support, surround, or .. ‫الكعبة املشرفة‬
intersect other visual elements.
‫مركز الكون والتكوين املعماري‬
.‫ احاطة‬، ‫ تثبيت‬،‫ اتصال‬،‫انضمام‬-
‫للحرم املكي‬
-Describe the edges of and give shape
to planes.
.‫توصيف احلدود حواف وتشكيل املساقط األفقية‬-
-Articulate the surface of planes.
.‫التعبري عن أسطح املساقط األفقية‬-

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2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS 2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
Line and Line Elements Line and Line Elements
‫خطوط أفقية ورأسية تعرب عن االتزان‬

The character of a line, whether taut or
limp, bold or tentative, graceful or
ragged, is determined by our
perception of its length - width ratio,
its contour, and its degree of
continuity. ‫ تركيا‬,‫ إسطنبول‬,‫جامع السليمية‬
‫خطوط مائلة تعرب عن احلركة والديناميكية‬
2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS 2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
Linear members Linear elements

provide support express
for an Overhead movement across
Plane. Space
Caryatid Porch,The Erechtheion, Athens Salginatobel Bridge, Switzerland

2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS 2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
Colonnade, Itally
The Closer lines to A Line can be n

each other, The Imagined element
stronger will be the rather than a
sense of Plane they visible one in
convey. architecture
(AXIS).
National mall, Washington

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PRIMARY ELEMENTS 2
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
3
Plane and Plane Elements Line and Line Elements
A line extended in a direction other
than its intrinsic direction becomes a
plane.
Conceptually, a plane has length and Seagram
width, but no depth. Building.
New York
City, 1956-58,
we see the true shape of a plane only when Mies van der
Rohe and
view it frontally.
philip
Johnson.
Crown Hall. School of Architecture and Urban

surface color, pattern, and texture affect its Design, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago,
visual weight and stability. 1956, Mies van der Rohe.

3 3
Plane and Plane Elements Plane and Plane Elements
Overhead Plane Overhead Plane
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Egypt
Wall Plane Wall Plane
Base Plane Base Plane
‫ميكن التغيري فيها من أرضية فراغ داخلي ملنصة‬ Planes in architecture define three-dimensional volumes of mass and
‫ أو لتحديد‬,‫مرتفعة لتكريم مكان هام على سبيل املثال‬ space.
‫املساحات اخلارجية وعزهلا عن احمليط الغري مرغوب‬ The properties of each plane (size, shape, color, texture) as well as their spatial
.‫ مع سهولة الوصول اليها‬,‫فيه‬ relationship to one another ultimately determine the visual attributes of the form
they define and the qualities of space they enclose.

3 3
Plane and Plane Elements Plane and Plane Elements
Overhead Plane Overhead Plane
Robie House, Chicago Piazza San Marco, Italy
Wall Plane Wall Plane
Base Plane Base Plane
The roof plane is the essential sheltering element that protects the As a design element the plane of an exterior wall can be articulated as
interior of a building from the climatic elements. the front or primary facade of a building.
The form and geometry of its structure is established by the manner in In urban situations these facades serve as walls that define
which it spans across space to bear on its supports and slopes to shed courtyards, streets, and such public gathering places as squares.
rain and melting snow.
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4
Volume and Volume Elements 3
Plane and Plane Elements
A plane extended in a direction other Overhead Plane
than its intrinsic direction becomes a
volume.
Conceptually, a volume has three
dimensions: length, width and depth. Wall Plane
All volumes can be analyzed and Hangar, Design I, 1935
understood to consist of:
Base Plane
- points or vertices where several
planes come together The roof plane is the essential sheltering element that protects the
- lines or edges where two planes meet interior of a building from the climatic elements.
- planes or surfaces which define the The form and geometry of its structure is established by the manner in
limits or boundaries of a volume. which it spans across space to bear on its supports and slopes to shed
rain and melting snow.
4
PRIMARY ELEMENTS 4
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
Volume and Volume Elements Volume and Volume Elements
In architecture, a volume can be seen to be ..
 a portion of space contained and defined by wall, floor, and ceiling or
roof planes.
a quantity of space displaced by the mass of building.
‫ فرنسا لو كوربوزييه‬,)‫كنيسة نوتر دام دي (رونشامب‬ Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Italy a solid space displaced by mass
Every Volume has a (Regular or

irregular) Form.
The volumes above have the forms of
Pyramid, a cube, and a sphere. a void space contained planes.
PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

1 1
Circle Circle
A plane curve every point of Shapes are flat and Two dimensional. A plane curve every point of Shapes are flat and Two dimensional. They
which is equidistant from a which is equidistant from a
They may be Circle, Squares, Triangle, may be Circle, Squares, Rectangles
fixed point within the curve. fixed point within the curve.
Organic, Etc. Triangle, Organic, Etc.
2 2
Triangle When shape is repeated, Triangle When shape is repeated, pattern occurs.
A plane figure bounded by pattern occurs. A plane figure bounded by
three sides and having three sides and having
three angles. three angles.
3 3
Square Rectangle
A plane figure having four A plane figure having four
equal sides and four right equal sides and four right
angles. angles.

5
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1 1
Circle Circle
A plane curve every point of A plane curve every point of
2 2
Triangle Triangle
A plane figure bounded by A plane figure bounded by
3 3
Rectangle Rectangle
A plane figure having four A plane figure having four
equal sides and four right Circle gathers everything around a center equal sides and four right Circle is a centralized, introverted figure
angles. Palmanova city, Venice, Italy angles. Plan of the Ideal City of Sforzinda, 1464


1 1
Circle Circle
2 2
Triangle Triangle
3 3
Rectangle Rectangle
A plane figure having four The use of circle in buildings A plane figure having four The use of circle in buildings
equal sides and four right (creating a nodal point) equal sides and four right (marking the center)
angles. Union Bank of. Switzerland Bael, by Mario Botta angles. Museum of SF Moma by Mario Botta, San Fransisco


1 1
Circle Circle
2 2
Triangle Triangle
3 3
Rectangle Rectangle
A plane figure having four Triangles in architecture A plane figure having four
Triangle is a stable figure
equal sides and four right (marking a point in space) equal sides and four right
angles. Transamerica Pyramid, San Francisco angles. The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

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1 1
Circle Circle
2 2
Triangle Triangle
3 3
Rectangle Rectangle
A plane figure having four A plane figure having four Triangles in architecture
equal sides and four right equal sides and four right (creating sharp edges and dramatic effects)
angles. SDU Campus Kolding, , Denmark angles. Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Boston


1 1
Circle Circle
2 2
Triangle Triangle
3 3
Square Square Square is static and
neutral
A plane figure having four Squares in architecture A plane figure having four
Agora of Ephesus
equal sides and four right (creating a nodal point) equal sides and four right
angles. Modena Cemetery by Aldo Rossi, San Cataldo, Italy angles.

PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SHAPES

1
The most significant primary solids are the cube, pyramid, sphere, clyinder, and cone. Circle
They are the volumetric (3 Dimensional) forms generated from the primary shapes. A plane curve every point of
which is equidistant from a
fixed point within the curve.
2
Triangle
A plane figure bounded by
three sides and having
three angles.
3
Square
A plane figure having four Squares in architecture
equal sides and four right (could be used as a part of composition)
angles. Cube House, Chihuahua, Mexico

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PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SOLIDS

2 1
Cylinders Spheres
Cylinders in architecture Cylinders in architecture (played on top to Spheres in architecture Spheres in architecture
(getting clustered together as living organisms) arrange the direction of sunlight and view) (creating spatial definition) (getting clustered together as living organisms)
City Municipality Ljubljana, Slovenia Mario Botta Church of St John Mogno The Montreal Biosphère by Buckminster Fuller, 1967. Nicholas Grimshaw, Eden Project, Cornwall, UK

ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN [1]
PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SOLIDS

3 3
Cones Cones
Cones in architecture Cones in architecture Cones in architecture

(could be played in form to control sunlight intake) (creating nodal points) (could be used as inverted)
Le Cone de la Vulcania by Hans Hollein, France Takoma Museum of Glass, Washington by A. Erickson Reichstag, Berlin, Germany; Foster and Partners
(1st year /1st Semester)

46 45 Dr. Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020
1
Transformation of FORMS 2
FORMS 1
Subtractive Transformation: irregular forms Regular forms
Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, Coonley Playhouse, Riverside,

1956-63, Hans scharoun Illinois, 1912, Frank Lloyd wright

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2
Transformation of FORMS
Additive Transformation: Subtractive Transformation:
Corner articulation made by Corner articulation made by a

opening up one of the corners chamfered corner

2
Additive Transformation: Additive Transformation:
B- Linear Form A- Centralized Form

Linear form (dynamic and
Centralized form (static and stable)
directional) : Runcorn New Town
Villa Capra (La Rotunda) by Palladio, Italy
Housing, by James Stirling

ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN [1]
2
Additive Transformation:
C- Clustered Form D- Grid Form

Linear form (dynamic and
directional) : Runcorn New Town
Housing, by James Stirling
(1st year /1st Semester)

53 Dr. Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020

MET Academy Architecture Department Mansoura, Egypt

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10/7/2019

ARCHITECTURAL MET Academy

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN [1]

PRIMARY ELEMENTS Conceptual Elements of Design

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

As the prime element in the vocabulary

PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

The Column of Marcus Obelisk of Pharaoh

(1st year /1stSemester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

Cenotaph for sir isaac newton Baptistery at Pisa, Italy

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

A Line is a critical element in the

It can serve to:

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

‫خطوط أفقية ورأسية تعرب عن االتزان‬

Linear members Linear elements

Caryatid Porch,The Erechtheion, Athens Salginatobel Bridge, Switzerland

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

The Closer lines to A Line can be n

National mall, Washington

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

Crown Hall. School of Architecture and Urban

PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

Wall Plane Wall Plane

Base Plane Base Plane

PRIMARY ELEMENTS PRIMARY ELEMENTS

Wall Plane Wall Plane

Base Plane Base Plane

Every Volume has a (Regular or

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SHAPES PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SHAPES

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SOLIDS

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

PRIMARY SOLIDS PRIMARY SOLIDS

Cones in architecture Cones in architecture Cones in architecture

(1st year /1st Semester)

Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, Coonley Playhouse, Riverside,

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

Corner articulation made by Corner articulation made by a

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

B- Linear Form A- Centralized Form

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

C- Clustered Form D- Grid Form

(1st year /1st Semester)

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