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PROJECT
Content of cold drinks available in the
market
Done by:
Aparnaa.M
Sakshi Singh
XII – B
Batch 2019-2020
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Contents:
1.Introduction
2.Theory
3.Apparatus and chemicals required
4.Test for carbon dioxide
5.Detection of pH
6.Test for glucose
7.Test for alcohol
8.Conclusion
9.Precautions
10.Disadvantages of consuming cold drinks
11.Uses of cold drinks
12.Bibliography
13.Gallery
INTRODUCTION:
The main production of soft drink was stored in 1830’s and since
then from those experimental beginning there was an evolution
until in 1781, when the world’s first cola flavored beverage was
introduced.
These drinks were called soft drinks, only to separate them from
hard alcoholic drinks. These drinks do not contain alcohol and
broadly specifying these includes a variety of regulated
carbonated soft drinks.
Since the beginning of cold drinks were highly profitable and
luring, many multinational companies launched different brands
like Pepsi, Fanta etc.
Nowadays, it is observed in general that many people view
Sprite, Mirinda and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi
and Thumbs up to activate pulse and brain.
THEORY:
The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-
20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %sucrose.
The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by
a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature
whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in
nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such
phosphoric acid.
Apparatus required:
1. Test tube
2. Test tube holder
3. Test tube stand
4. Tripod stand
5. Stopwatch
6. Beaker
7. Burner
8. pH paper
9. China dish
Chemicals required:
1. Lime water
2. Benedict’s reagent
3. Potassium iodide
4. Sodium hydroxide
5. Iodine
Test for Carbon Dioxide
EXPERIMENT:
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was
passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON:
EXPERIMENT:
1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken
and put on the pH paper. The change in the colour of pH paper
was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION:
INFERENCE:
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric
acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different
brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
contents.
Test for Glucose
BENEDICT’S SOLUTION:
Benedict's solution is used to test for simple sugars, such
as glucose. It is a clear blue solution of sodium and copper salts.
In the presence of simple sugars, the blue solution
changes color to green, yellow, and brick-red, depending on the
amount of sugar. In specific, the copper (II) ions in Benedict's
solution are reduced to Copper (I) ions, which causes the color
change.
EXPERIMENT:
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the
following test:
INFERENCE:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
EXPERIMENT:
Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test
tubes and potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution is added to each test tube. Then the test tubes are
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes till yellow coloured
precipitate is formed that confirms the presence of alcohol in
cold drinks.
OBSERVATION:
1. Weight Gain :
Harvard University states that the increased consumption of
sugary beverages, such as soda, is a major factor in the growing
obesity epidemic. A 20-ounce soda contains 240 calories while a
64-ounce soft drink contains a whopping 700 calories. Dr.
Christopher Ochner, assistant professor of paediatrics and
adolescent medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, told Fox News that if you drink a can of cola every day, you
will gain 14 1/2 pounds in a year. Excessive weight gain puts you
at risk for diabetes, certain cancers, arthritis, heart disease and
stroke.
2. Heart Disease :
Excessive weight gain contributes to heart disease, but so too do
the ingredients in soda. Dr. Mary Ann McLaughlin, medical
director of the cardiac health program at Mount Sinai, told Fox
News that the sodium and caffeine in soft drinks put your heart
at risk. Sodium causes you to retain fluid and caffeine elevates
your heart rate and blood pressure. An analysis published in
2012 in “Circulation” followed more than 42,000 men and
discovered those who drank one sugary drink a day had an
increased risk of heart attack compared to those who rarely or
never drank sugary beverages.
3.Diabetes :
Most people have a hard time eating just one cookie and that’s
because sugar is addictive. If you drink a soft drink, your blood
sugar spikes and your body produce insulin to balance that
spike. Your blood sugar then crashes, and you seek out more
sugar-filled soda to compensate. Over time, your body becomes
resistant to insulin leaving you unable to metabolize sugar and
resulting in diabetes, according to Dr. Ochner. If you drink one
to two soft drinks a day, you increase your risk of Type 2
diabetes by 26 percent, according to a meta-analysis published
in 2010 in "Diabetes Care."
4. Dental Problems :
If you prefer to avoid the dentist, cut back on soft drinks. The
bacteria in your mouth thrive on sugar. They feed on it and
produce an acid that wears away your teeth enamel causing
cavities. New Jersey Dentist Dr. Howard Glazer told “Better
Homes and Garden” you can cut your cavity risk in half by
rinsing your mouth with water immediately after drinking soda.
5.Gout :
Gout is a condition in which your body has too much uric acid,
causing your joints to become swollen and inflamed. An analysis
of data from the Nurses' Health Study, published in 2010 in the
“Journal of the American Medical Association,” which followed
almost 80,000 women for 22 years, reported that women who
drank one sugary beverage a day had a significantly increased
risk of gout compared to those who rarely drank sugary
beverages.
8.Heartburn:
Soft drink consumption is a strong predictor of heartburn.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
www.seminarsonly.com
www.slideshare.net
www.wikipedia.com
GALLERY
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
TEST FOR ALCOHOL