Summarized by: HENIL, AMIRA-CZEEKHA

BS ARCH/5TH-C

DRAFT

Review of Related Literature

Related Literature
Reducing Recidivism and alleviating prison overcrowding through Architecture

Recidivism is one of the causative agents of prison overcrowding. It is, in fact, the
immense potential cause of it, says (Chin, n.d.). Researchers have assessed the control of the
prison environment, where it has much impact on the behavior of both the prisoner and prison
workers (Tomar, 2013). Consequently, even a psychologically wholesome individual
becomes detrimental when placed in a prison-like atmosphere (Zimbardo, Haney, Curtis, &
Jaffe, 1971).According to Connecticut’s response to prison overcrowding, is to provide a
Prison Expansion model where the concept runs about adding prison beds to the exceeding
number of its population.

On the other hand, James Krueger (2017) said that many correctional facilities have
then integrated “Normative Design” to their facilities in which favors an environmental -
friendly setting. The study describes the role of normative design in reducing recidivism,
and one of the researchers studied 32 correctional facilities in Netherland. According to
her, particular building designs affect the mental health of an inmate, and the rates of
offenders returned to prison. Those designs appended the “Courtyard designs.”

Courtyard design encourages a more positive impact on inmates as well as to

correctional officers. It stresses the campus-like plan, and small residential units for the
inmates, at the same time, the design incorporates directed access to the kitchen and open
spaces.

One example of a prison that has integrated the idea of having a campus-like layout
or a courtyard design is the Storstrøm Prison in Denmark; this prison is one of the world’s
most humane and reforming facility. It sets comfortable working zones for employees and
supports the mental and physical well-being of inmates. Aside from this, the facility is
working out the implementation of the minimum institutional mood of the prison, to
maintain the familiar out-of-the-prison setting (ArchDaily, 2017). These cells have access
to a living room and a kitchen, and usually, the inmates prepare their meals. To lessen the
degree of being an institutionalized facility, they have blended the arts all over the prison.
Inmates also have views of the landscapes and sky from their units (ArchDaily,
2017).Environmental and Behavioral Psychology

The Las Colinas Detention & Reentry Facility in San Diego used Environmental and
Behavioral Psychology to enhance the behavior of the users. Accordingly, the facilities have
also considered the scientifically-proven research such as the effect of the light colors,
materials, texture, air-quality, acoustics, and nature to human behavior (Krueger, 2015).

Campus design as a concept for inmate rehabilitation

Most correctional facilities have now integrated educational program to re-educate

inmates, as it is one way to reduce recidivism.

“When creating the plan for the Las Colinas Detention & Reentry Facility, we
didn’t look to traditional prison layouts, but rather to higher education campus planning
as inspiration.” Says Krueger (2015). According to him, to balance safety and security
with independence, the environment must be designed in such a way the inmates will not feel
the physical and psychological barriers among their inmates and correctional officers.
Moreover, when you treat inmates as independent and capable human beings, they will be
(Krueger, 2015).

TIMELINE:
Topic: Prison
Tentative Problem as of July 2019: Jail Congestion. WHY?
As of August 2019: Recidivism. WHAT IS THE REASON
Mid of August 2019: Oppressed environmental setting/ Design of the facility.
EVIDENCE. WHY?

Gathered concept:
Contemporary Architecture, Baker-Miller Pink, Smart and effective design,
Elevated circulation flatform. Inmates must surround with nature and open spaces,
putting a neutral color, reduce electricity consumption.

Note:
After reading several literatures, many problems occur along with my research. It is
quiet confusing now because the problem is the cause, and the cause is also the
effect/result.

1. What is your subject? Prison/Institutional Government

2. Topic: Prison Institution/Prison and Penal farm. Specifically, San Ramon is my
target. Hahaha
3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. Second Attempt.
List of the ideas/concepts gathered from the RRL:
1. Normative Design
2. Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of needs)
3. The ERG theory
4. No to SOLITARY CONFINEMENT
5. Transformative learning
6. Campus-like Layout
7. See: Storstrom Prison
8. Etc

Another sub-problem has just occurred:

1. Few Correctional Officers. So, few inmates can only go to the farm.

2. Far farm

3. Republic Act 10575... Minor lang naman

4. See other literatures (later) meow meow

Statement of the Problem:

“How inmates are treated while incarcerated has a lot to do how they will treat
others after they are released. If you give them real opportunities to increase their
education and to grow emotionally and spiritually, they stand a much better chance of
thriving in society.” (James Krueger, 2017)

The research on the Prison Reformation of the oldest Prison and Penal Farm in
Zamboanga city aspires to innovate the present perspectives of the facility to prevent
the number of recidivists.

The study aims to answer the following sub-problem:

o What psychological implications of architecture help to improve the

environment and behavior of the inmates?
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