Photonic Communications

Engineering
Instructor
• Alan Kost
• Email - akost@arizona.edu
• Office – OSC 529
• Office Hours – Walk In or by Appointment

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 1

 Photonic Communications
Engineering
Class Syllabus
• Class is divided into three one credit parts
– Optical Transmitters and Receivers (OPTI 500D)
– Photonic Integrated Circuits (OPTI 500E)
– Optical Transmission Systems (OPTI 500F)
• Lectures to be given by primary instructor and “Guest
Lecturers” (CIAN faculty, Industry Partners, and others)
who will be invited to speak on specialized topics.
• Exams and homework will determine grade
– 2 homework sets for each part D, E, and F count 40%
– 1 exam for each part D, E, and F counts 60%
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 2
 Photonic Communications
Engineering
Students New to OPTI 500
• OPTI 500 D, E, and F will be self-contained
• You do not need to have taken OPTI A, B, or C
during the Fall Semester

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 3

 Photonic Communications
Engineering
Access to Class Material
• In the class room
• Live on the web with UA’s Elluminate Live software
– http://elluminate.oia.arizona.edu/scheduleMeetingnon
etid.php?sessionId=563756
– No password required
– May need to download Java
• Class Web Site (access through www.cian-erc.org, in
education section)
– Lecture Notes
– Link(s) to Video Recordings of Lectures
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 4
 Photonic Communications
Engineering
Class Make-Up
• Students on campus at University of Arizona
• UA Distance Students
• Students at Norfolk State University
• Other CIAN and interested students, faculty, and
staff

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 5

Center for Integrated Access Networks

Industry Partners

CENTER FOR Slide #6

INTEGRATED ACCESS NETWORKS
 CIAN’s Mission

CIAN will enable the transformation of

the Internet from a transport medium into
a web of services by creating new
integrated optoelectronic technologies

Achieving our mission would impact:

• Education (multi-media delivery, e-learning)

• Healthcare (telemedicine)
• Cyber presence and energy efficiency (telepresence/ telecommuting)
• New business opportunities (e.g. entertainment)

CENTER FOR Slide #7

INTEGRATED ACCESS NETWORKS
 CIAN’s Working Groups
Working Working Group I: Working Group II: Working
Scalable Intelligent Access
Group 1 & Energy Efficient Aggregation Group 2
Data Centers Networks

Data Center Optical Aggregation

Thrust 1: Testbed (SEED) Testbed (TOAN)
Optical UCSD UA

Research
Projects
Communication
Network Integration
Systems
UCSD
& Networking
Keren Bergman
Amin Vahdat Chip scale Data Cross-layer Columbia
UCSD Thrust 2: Testing Introspection Optimization

Research
Subsystem UA and UCSD USC Columbia

Projects
Integration
& Silicon
Nanophotonics
Packaging & Test
UA
Thrust 3:

Research
Thrust 3:

Projects
Materials
Device Physics Optical Device
George Papen & Fundamentals
& Devices Characterization
UA John Wissinger, UA
UCSD
Tetsbed Lead
Use Cases: Use Cases:
Efficient Data centers Telepresence, 3D holographic George Porter,
You Tube, Facebook Video Testbed Co-lead

CENTER FOR Slide #8

INTEGRATED ACCESS NETWORKS
 Master of Science in Photonic
Communications Engineering
College of Optical Sciences College of Engineering

Course Work
Photonics Communications Engineering I & II (Super-Course, Fall 2009)
Electromagnetic Waves/Field Theory
Mathematical Methods for Photonics and Optics (Spring, 2011)
Software Tools for Photonics (Fall, 2011)
Solid State Optics
Lasers and Solid-State Devices Lab
From Photonics Innovation to the Market Place (Spring, 2011)
Photonics Communications Lab (Spring 2011)
Advanced Optical Communications Systems
Approved Elective (Non-Thesis Option)
Optics Outreach Laboratory (Non-Thesis Option)

= New course developed by CIAN

All required classes available via distance learning
Slide #9
 Innovation Internship Option

The Arizona Center for Innovation (AzCI) is a Tucson-based business incubator

whose clients are early-stage companies seeking to commercialize locally
developed technologies or to work in partnership with the University of Arizona
to bring its latest scientific developments to market.

MS Internship Option
Students
- are assigned to company member of the AzCI or CIAN industry partner
- attend lectures by community experts on IP, product strategy, funding
- prepare marketing presentations for mentors and local investors
- survey competing technology

CENTER FOR Slide #10

INTEGRATED ACCESS NETWORKS
 Super-Course – Online Teaching with
Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Graduate Level Modules
Wave Pulse Numeri- Fiber Materials Optical Advan-
Optical Detec-
Propa- Propaga- cal Nonlinear for Fiber Transmit- ced
Solitons tors
gation tion Methods Optics Optics ters Systems

Undergraduate Modules
Optical Optical Networks Transmis Error
Systems Disper- Device Optical Photo- Recei-
Fiber Ampli- and the -sion Correc-
Overview sion Physics Sources detectors vers
Materials fiers Internet Systems tion

High School Modules

Refrac- Propaga-
Nature of Light and
tion and tion in
Light Materials
Diffraction Fibers

Middle School Modules

Propaga-
d2l.arizona.edu cian/C1@n
Nature of
tion in
Light
Fibers

Slide #11
CIAN Industry Members

Bandwidth 10

CENTER FOR
INTEGRATED ACCESS NETWORKS
 Network Hierarchy
Core/Wide Area Networks
- 100's to 100's of kilometers
- Countries, Continents
Data Rate, Cost

Metropolitan/Aggregation
Networks
- 10's of kilometers
- Cities

Access/Local Area Networks

- kilometers
- Campuses, Neighborhoods,
Buildings, Homes

OPTI 500, Spring 2011, Lecture 2, Introduction to Networks 13

 Optical Networks

Optical
Optical Signal
Fiber

=
Optical Dispersion
Amplifier Compensation

• Transmission links are lengths of optical fiber (or free-space

beam paths) that may have components inserted that
condition the optical signal
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 14
 Optical Fibers

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 15

 Optical Network Nodes

Optical Transceiver

Diode Laser/
LED
Optical Optical
Electrical Output Tranceiver
Input
Driver
+
= Optical = Optical
Tranceiver
Input
Photodiode
+
Electrical
Output Post
TIA
Amp

• Most nodes contain one or more optical transceivers

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 16

 “O-O” Optical Network Nodes

Optical
OO
= Splitter

λ1 … λj … λn Optical
λ1 … λi … λn
OO
= Add-Drop
Multiplexer

λj
λi

• “Transparent” optical-to-optical nodes are

becoming more common.
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 17
 Time Division Multiplexing
Data Steam 1

Combined
Data
Data Steam 2 Stream
Time 1 2 3 4
Division
Data Steam 3 Multiplexer

Data Steam 4

• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) combines lower

data rate signals into higher data rate signals
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 18
The Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET) Hierarchy
Signal Designation Data Rate (Mbps) Phone Call Capacity

OC-1 51.84 672

OC-3 155.82 2016

OC-12 622.08 8064

OC-48 2488.32 32256

OC-192 9953.28 129024

OC-768 39,813.12 516096

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 19

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Optical Optical
Transmitter λ1 λ1, λ2, … λn λ1 Receiver

Optical Optical
Transmitter λ2 λ2 Receiver

Optical
Optical Dispersion
Fiber
Amplifier Compensation

Optical Optical
Wavelength Division
Transmitter λn Multiplexer
De-Multiplexer λn Receiver

• A wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) link

with 80 OC-192 wavelength channels operates at
close to 1 Terabit per second and carries just over
10,000,000 simultaneous phone calls
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 20
 SONET Uses Binary, Amplitude
Modulated, Non-Return-to-Zero Coding
Bit Period

1 1 1 1
Non-Return-to-Zero
0 0 0 0 (NRZ) Coding

1 1 1 1
Return-to-Zero
0 0 0 0
(RZ) Coding

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 21

 Circuit Switching
(Telecom Networks)

4 3 2 1
3 2 1
In 4

4 3
4 3 2 1

2 1
Out

1
2
3
4

• When data is “circuit switched” a fixed path is

established for the duration of the transfer

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 22

 Packet Switching

4 3 2 1
2 1 2
In
4
3

2
1
1 4 3 2

Out

4
3 3
4
1

• When data is switched packet by packet,

individual packets (or frames) can follow
separate paths
OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 23
 Network Convergence

• Network convergence refers to the use of both

datacom and telecom protocols and hardware
in the same network.
• The motivation is to share resources and to
combine the flexibility of datacom networks
with the high capacity and Quality of Service
assurance of telecom networks

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 24

A More Fully Converged Network
IP
MPLS
ATM
SONET
WDM

• The communication infrastructure has evolved so that

complicated convergence schemes like this are widely
used today
• People agree that simplification would be a good thing

OPTI 500, Spring 2012, Lecture 1, PCE Introduction 25

 “IP over WDM”
IP
?
WDM

• IP is here to stay
• So is WDM
• The question is how to most efficiently build networks
that use both
• Real world solutions must take into account the
current network infrastructure
OPTI 500, Spring 2011, Lecture 8, Network Convergence 26