PHENOMENON THAT URGE THE

DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW

● Under Proclamation No. 1081, s

1972 = Marcos wanted to
influence, control, and
manipulate organizations in
the Philippines because as
what he said in his speech, these
groups commited crimes and
acts of violence.

● The existence of rebellion was

perceived as a threat to the
Republic of the Philippines.

● Marcos said that the rebellion

escalated and worsened to
the extent that the groups
had paralyzed the functions
of the local and national
government units.

● Based on the Official Gazette

of the Philippines, 14
bombing incidents happen in
the Greater Manila in 1970.
Therefore, it caused tension and
anxiety to Filipinos, so the busy
centers of Greater Manila
 became deserted because
people are scared to leave their
house.

● Also, lawlessness and criminal

cases significantly increased.

● CASES SUCH AS:

S. KIDNAPPING
T. SMUGGLING
U. EXTORTION
V. BLACKMAILING
W. ARMED ROBBERY
X. ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING
Y. POSSESSION OF ILLEGAL
FIREARMS
Z. MANIPULATION OF PRICES
[. CORRUPTION IN THE
GOVERNMENT
S\. TAX EVASION

took place.

Also, Marcos was informed about the

establishment of a sanctuary for the
communist party and new peopleʼs
army. According to him, 33 out of 37
municipalities were already controlled
bu the said group. Things were really
going out of hand and the local police
and civilian authorities cannot control
it and it is beyond their capacity so
Marcos decided that Martial Law
would be the best answer for that
problem.

Also, the last phenomenon that made

Marcos declare Martial Law was when
Enrile got ambushed. More
information about that will be
discussed later on.

Now, we will proceed to the plans of

the communist party and npa.

THE SECRETS OF PRIMITIVO

MIJARES
Who is Primitivo Mijares and why is
he important in studying Martial Law?

Primitivo Mijares- also known as Tibo

– He was a reporter of Daily

Express (we all know that during

martial law, media outlets were
shut down by Marcos and only a
few remained and was controlled
by the government. Daily
Express was one of them.)
– However Tibo was not an
ordinary news reporter
because he got direct access
to Marcos on a daily basis.
(Evidence/Documents were
found printed on the Daily
Express showing how Marcos
controlled Philippine media
under Martial Law through
Mijares)

– Therefore, he became the chief

propagandist of Martial Law.
(and his job was to convince
Filipinos that martial law is
necessary to keep order and
peace in the Philippines in the
middle of the ongoing rebellion)

– Actually, he was also the one

who wrote a press release
about the ambush of Enrile
EVEN before it happened.
(from what bianca said earlier,
the ambush of enrile was the
final straw in order for Marcos to
declare Martial Law)

– Of course, Mijares was paid

 huge amount of money in
order for him to do these things
however he realized that he
cant keep doing these things
anymore because of his
conscience.

– Thus, he convinced Marcos to

sent him to the United States
(“for propaganda mission”)
however when he got there, he
abandoned the regime and he
was planning to tell the truth or
provide testimony to the US
Congress about Martial Law. He
became a whistleblower.

– Before his testimony, Marcos

and his men called and tried
to bribe him. (The conversation
was written on his book and
source documents such as
checks amounting to $50,000
were also included)

– He didnʼt accept it and

continued with his testinomy.
There, he exposed the
corruption, fraud, unlawful
arrest, and other violations that
 happened during martial law.

– Slide 2: He confessed that he

(basa) subsequently became a
willing tool in the execution of
measures designated to stabilize
the Martial Regimez but he
began to realize that it was only
dedicated to the imperial
dynasty in the Philippines and
for Marcos to perpetuate his
power indefinitely.

– His claims during the

testinomy were backed up
with evidences like documents
and it was included in the book
which he wrote, it is entitled,
“The Conjugal Dictatorship”.

– In his book, it contains top

secrets/ information about
Marcos, his family, and
Martial Law. ( If Primitivo were
still in the Philippines the time he
published the book, he probably
would have a horrible fate
however he was “safe” in the
US.) BUT
– On the third week of January
1977, he was fetched by General
Ver (it was ordered by Imelda
Marcos) and they went to Guam.

– January 23 1977: was the last

time Tibo called and spoke to his
family. He disappeared and was
never seen again.

– Four months later, Tiboʼs

youngest son, Boyet, was
kidnapped, tortured, and later
found dead.

– Until now, no evidence were

found about who when where
how and what happened to Tibo
after that phone call.