Clauses

(προτάσεις)
1. Clauses of Result ( αποτελεσματικές προτάσεις)
Οι αποτελεσματικές προτάσεις εκφράζουν αποτέλεσμα και εισάγονται
με τις παρακάτω εκφράσεις:
 As a result/therefore/consequently/as a consequence
He acted quickly as a result he caught the ball
 Such + a/an + επίθετο + ουσιαστικό ενικού αριθμού + that ……..
It was such a scary house that no one wanted to enter
 Such + επίθετο + ουσιαστικό πληθυντικού αριθμού ή μη
μετρήσιμο + that ……..
It was such a bad weather that we cancelled our trip.
There were such clever kids that she didn’t win.
 Such + a lot of + ουσιαστικό πληθυντικού αριθμού ή μη
μετρήσιμο + that ……..
There were such a lot of people that I felt dizzy.
 So + επίθετο/επίρρημα +that …………..
She is so beautiful that I love her.
 So + much/little + μη μετρήσιμο ουσιαστικό +that ……….
I have so little money that I can’t buy it.
 So + many/few + ουσιαστικό πληθυντικού αριθμού + that…..
He has done so many things that I won’t forgive him.
 So + επίθετο + a/an + ουσιαστικό ενικού αριθμού + that …….
She is so beautiful a girl that I love her.

2. Clauses of purpose ( προτάσεις σκοπού)

Οι προτάσεις σκοπού εξηγούν γιατί κάποιος κάνει κάτι και μπορούν να
εκφράζουν θετικό ή αρνητικό σκοπό.

Θετικός σκοπός
 To + απαρέμφατο
He is studying to be a pilot.
 In order to/ so as to + απαρέμφατο
He had a part time job so as/in order to buy a laptop.
 So that/ in order that + can/will (παρόν-μέλλον)
 She makes a cake so that they will have something to eat.
 So that/ in order that + could/ would (παρελθόν)
She read the instructions in order that she could operate
the DVD player.
 In case + Present form (παρόν-μέλλον)
Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
 In case + Past form (παρελθόν)
She saved his files in case his computer crashed.
 For + -ing (εκφράζει την χρήση ή την λειτουργία ενός
αντικειμένου)
I have got an e-reader for reading books online.
 For + Ουσιαστικό (εκφράζει τον σκοπό μιας πράξης)
I bought trainers for my gym classes.
 With a view to + -ing
I went to university with a view to becoming an architect.
 For fear + might/should
They paid for the extra warranty for fear their camera
might break.
 For fear of sth/doing sth
He created a back up file for fear of losing his work.

Αρνητικός σκοπός
 In order not to/ so as not to + απαρέμφατο
He listened carefully in order not to make a mistake.
 Prevent + ουσιαστικό/αντωνυμία (+from) + -ing
They blocked some sites to prevent children (from) having
access on them.
 Avoid + -ing
You should avoid giving your personal information online.
 So that + can’t/won’t (παρόν-μέλλον)
I will call him so that he won’t forget to bring me the
newspaper I asked.
 So that + couldn’t/wouldn’t (παρελθόν)
He practiced his speech so that he wouldn’t be nervous the
next day.
3. Clauses of reason ( αιτιολογικές προτάσεις)
Χρησιμοποιούμε τις αιτιολογικές προτάσεις για να εκφράσουμε το λόγο
για τον οποίο γίνεται κάτι.
 Because (διότι)
She won a gold medal because she came in first place.
Because she came in the first place, she won a gold medal.
 As/since (επειδή)
Sabrina stayed at home as/since she was ill.
As/since Sabrina was ill, she stayed at home.
 The reason for + ουσιαστικό/ -ing (ο λόγος για…)
The reason for his delay was the bad weather.
The reason for his being late was the bad weather.
 The reason why + πρόταση ( ο λόγος που …)
The bad weather was the reason why he was late.
The reason why he was late was the bad weather.
 Because of/on account of/due to + ουσιαστικό ( εξαιτίας)
All flights were delayed because of/ on account of/due to
the thick fog.
 Because of/on account of/due to the fact that + πρόταση (
εξαιτίας του γεγονότος ότι…)
They took the underground because of/on account of/due to
the fact that there was a huge traffic jam.
 Now (that) + πρόταση ( τώρα που…)
Now (that) she is seventeen, she can get her driving license.

4. Clauses of concession ( εναντιωματικές προτάσεις)

 Although/even though/though + πρόταση
Although we had opened the windows, we felt warm.
Προσοχή !!! Το though είναι το μόνο που μπαίνει στο τέλος
της πρότασης.
 In spite of/ despite + ουσιαστικό/ -ing
Despite raining heavily the match continued.
In spite of the heavy rain the match continued.
 In spite of / despite the fact that + πρόταση
Despite the fact that she had many friends she felt lonely.
 However, / nevertheless, + πρόταση
 She has a lot of talent. However, she didn’t make it to the
finals.
 However/ No matter how + επίθετο/επίρρημα + Υποκείμενο
(+may) + ρήμα
However/No matter how hard he tries, she won’t make it.
 While/ whereas/But/on the other hand/yet + πρόταση
He is tall while/whereas his sister is rather short.
Jill had a toothache but she still ate some chocolate.
It had not rained, yet it was rather humid.
 Επίθετο/Επίρρημα + though + Υποκείμενο + ρήμα
Early though he is, he still won’t get front row seats for the
concert.
 Επίθετο/Επίρρημα + as + Υποκείμενο + ρήμα
Tired as she was, she still went to the party.

5. Clauses of manner ( τροπικές προτάσεις)

Χρησιμοποιούμε τις τροπικές προτάσεις για να εκφράσουμε τον τρόπο
που γίνεται ή λέγεται κάτι.

Χρησιμοποιούμε τα as if/as though = σαν μετά από τα ρήματα act,

appear, be, behave, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste για να
πούμε πώς φαίνεται/συμπεριφέρεται κάποιος ή κάτι.

 As if / as though + κάθε χρόνος ( για κάτι πιθανό)

She feels as if she is coming down with the flu.
 As if / as though + Past simple/past continuous ( για κάτι
απίθανο να συμβεί στο παρόν)
He speaks as if he knew what has happened.
 As if / as though + Past perfect ( για κάτι απίθανο να συμβεί
στο παρελθόν)
They looked as if they had seen a ghost.

Επίσης μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το as με την έννοια ‘’ όπως, με τον

τρόπο που…’’
Complete it as I’ve asked