Caridad, Bob Laurence V.

1. Describe the type of meter movement used in analog meter.

- Analog meters have what we call a moving coil meter movement. An analog meter is also a
coil experiencing torque; so the pointer deflects the current of the circuit and its direction
changes as the flow of the current changes.

2. What device is used to extend the range of a DC ammeter and how is it connected to the basic
meter?
- In order to extend a DC ammeter’s range, you should add an additional resistor that is parallel
with the galvanometer of the ammeter. The additional resistance will be called the shunt
resistor. To attract more current, the additional resistance must have a resistance less than
the resistance of the galvanometer.

3. What device is used to extend the range of a DC voltmeter and how is it connected to the basic
meter?
- A multiple resistor is an additional resistor inserted to extend the range of a DC voltmeter.
This must be placed in series with the galvanometer of a voltmeter.

4. Why is it necessary that an ammeter be a low resistance instrument? Why must a voltmeter be a
high resistance instrument?
- Since an ammeter is connected in series, it must have a low resistance to avoid significant
alteration of the current it is to measure. Contrary to the ammeter, a voltmeter must be put
in parallel to measure the voltage. It must not change the amount of current going through
the element between those two points so it should have a high resistance to not draw current
through it

5. What type of basic meter is configured as a wattmeter?

- The wattmeter consists of a pair of fixed coils, known as current coils, and a movable coil
known as the potential coil. The ammeter can be used as the current coil while the voltmeter
as potential coil. The ammeter will be connected in series while the voltmeter in parallel to
the circuit element. The deflection of the pointer will be proportional to both coils resulting
to the magnitude of power.

6. Two 150V voltmeters are being compared; meter A has 5K|/V while meter B has a total meter
resistance of 750K|. Which is the more sensitive meter? Why?
- Both voltmeters have the same sensitivity.
Voltmeter Sensitivity = RT/VT or 750k|/150V = 5 K|/V (meter B).
We can see that both meter A and meter B have the same sensitivity which is equal to 5K|/V.
Caridad, Bob Laurence V.

7. What current is required for full scale deflection of a galvanometer having a current sensitivity of
50μA per scale division? The meter has exactly 50 divisions on either side of the mid-scale index.
- 50 * 50 µA = 2500 µA.
- This meter will read correct for either configuration. However, only 50 µA is required in
either case. This is required for both possible polarization configurations.

8. What potential difference appears across the galvanometer described in problem 6 when the
pointer is fully deflected? The meter resistance is 10Ω.
- Voltage is equal to the product of the reciprocal of the voltmeter sensitivity to its resistance.
Thus, 5 K|/V * 10| is equal to 2mV.

9. Determine the series resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter reading 15V
in full scale deflection if a current of 2.5mA causes full scale deflection and the resistance of the
coil is 10Ω.

Given:
VT = 15V Im = 2.5mA Rm = 10Ω

Solution:
VORIGINAL METER MAX = Im*Rm  2.5mA*10 Ω = 2.5mV

𝑽𝑶𝑹𝑰𝑮𝑰𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑬𝑹 𝑴𝑨𝑿 𝑹𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝑽 10Ω

𝑽𝑨𝑫𝑱𝑼𝑺𝑻𝑬𝑫 𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑬𝑹 𝑴𝑨𝑿
= 𝑹𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 +𝑹𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔
 𝟏𝟓𝑽
= 10Ω+𝑹𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒔
 Rs = 5990 Ω

10. Determine the shunt resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to an ammeter with a full
scale reading of 10A if the scale requires 2.5mA to cause full deflection with a coil resistance of
10Ω.
Given:
VT = 15V Im = 2.5mA Rm = 10Ω
𝑰𝑶𝑹𝑰𝑮𝑰𝑵𝑨𝑳 𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑬𝑹 𝑴𝑨𝑿 𝑹𝒔𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒕
𝑰
= 𝑹 +𝑹
 Rsh = 2.5mA
𝑨𝑫𝑱𝑼𝑺𝑻𝑬𝑫 𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑬𝑹 𝑴𝑨𝑿 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒕
Caridad, Bob Laurence V.

Conclusion:
The three objectives of the experiment were met and executed properly. By following the
discussion and readings from the manual, we were able to determine the characteristics and
connections of the common electrical devices. An example of this was the use of the ammeter in
order to measure the electric current in the circuit wherein it had to be connected to a series
device since a series has the same current flow all throughout… Next was about reading the
instruments and measurements. It was a bit difficult to read from an analog compared to the
Physics lab’s digital meters. In order to read from an analog meter, the smallest division on the
scale must be read, and then estimate the next digit. Lastly, familiarizing ourselves with the basic
electric circuit training kit. We were able to do this by following the circuit diagram and translating
from the whiteboard to the actual kit.

Interpretation of Bob:
Our group chose to have only one voltage which was 5 volts all throughout our experiment to
keep it consistent. We were given a trainer kit, power supply, analog D.C milliammeter, analog
D.C voltmeter, and an electric multitester. The group also checked each resistor for each trial in
order to get the data needed. According to the data, whenever you have a bigger or larger value
for resistance, the lesser or smaller the amount of the current passing through is. The data that
was gathered stands by the Ohm’s law and the other formulas, meaning that when the data is
computed, the resistances must be the same or similar to the given resistance of each resistor.

Interpretation of Ar Jay:
In order for the group gather the needed data, the group use trainer kit, power supply, analog
DC, milliammeter, and multitester. The group use only 5 volts as the source voltage through
all the trial in the experiment. In the gathered data, the higher the resistance has less current
flowing throughout the circuit. Lastly, The basis of good data gathered is, when the computed
3 other formulas for the resistance is same or near to the given resistance of each resistor.