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A Thesis
Presented to
Thesis Research
By:
Adolfo, Jennifer A.
Canaveral, Ruth
Dimaya, Kimberly M.
APRIL 2019
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem,
significance of the study, and the scope and delimitations.
Family planning has essential role to the people who plans to have a family to
guide them in controlling birth. Family planning limits the number of children and time
spacing of pregnancy by the use of contraceptives methods and treatment of infertility.
The women have the ability to choose if and when she to become pregnant because in
the young age it increased risk of health problems and death from early childbearing.
Those women who bear more than 4 children are at risk of maternal mortality this is
usually happen to the mother who has poor health. And family planning reduces the
unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion to the world's highest infant mortality
rates.
Contraceptive use has increased in many parts of the world. The proportion of
women aged is 1549 reporting use of a modern contraceptive method has risen
minimally or plateaued between 2008 and 2015. In Asia it has risen slightly from 60.9%
to 61.8%, and in Latin America and the Caribbean it has remained stable at 66.7%.
There are two types of contraceptives, the modern and traditional methods. The
modern methods is a family planning using with drugs to prevent pregnancies like
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or the pill", implants, combined injectable
contraceptives (CIC), combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR), intrauterine device
(IUD), male and female condoms, male sterilization (vasectomy), female sterilization
(tubal ligation), Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM), and Basal Body Temperature
(BBT) these contraceptives are safe to use. While the traditional method is none using
drugs for contraceptives, it is a natural way in preventing the number of pregnancy and
safe to do like calendar method or rhythm method and withdrawal (coitus interruptus).
Natural family planning poses no health risks, this method is among the least effective
at preventing pregnancy. Through the use of this contraceptive methods it avoids the
unintended pregnancy, early pregnancy, abortion, control the number of siblings and
prevent the infection of contamination of disease in STI and HIV, contraceptives
methods helps to maintain the sterilization of men and women during having a sexual
intercourse.
Family Planning was set up in 1936. It was at first known as the Sex Hygiene
and Birth Regulation Society. At that time, contraception was basic and unreliable. In
April 1940, we were said to have broken postal regulations by posting obscene
literature - it was a flier which used the word "contraception". Lower Hutt was the
location for our first national conference in 1951. Just two years later we opened our
first contraception clinic in Remuera, Auckland. HIV/AIDS was first identified in New
Zealand in 1984. At the time, 51 New Zealanders were known to have contracted the
illness and 22 had died. Te Puawai Tapu (the sacred blossom) was formed in 1990. It is
an independent organization that works to improve Maori sexual and reproductive
health. The Ministry of Health launched the Sexual and Reproductive Health Strategy in
2001 and a resource book was released in 2003. Hei Huarahi, our first electronically
delivered resource, was developed in 2010.
The Roman Catholic Church proclaims alone the historic Christian position
on contraception. Evidence that contraception is in conflict with God’s laws because it’s
a deliberate violation of the design God built into the human race, often referred to as
“natural law.” The natural law purpose of sex is procreation. The pleasure that sexual
intercourse provides is an additional blessing from God, intended to offer the possibility
of new life while strengthening the bond of intimacy, respect, and love between
husband and wife. The loving environment this bond creates is the perfect setting for
nurturing children. But sexual pleasure within marriage becomes unnatural, and even
harmful to the spouses, when it is used in a way that deliberately excludes the basic
purpose of sex, which is procreation. God’s gift of the sex act, along with its pleasure
and intimacy, must not be abused by deliberately frustrating its natural end—
procreation. The Bible mentions at least one form of contraception specifically and
condemns it. Coitus interruptus, was used by Onan to avoid fulfilling his duty according
to the ancient Jewish law of fathering children for one’s dead brother. Contraception
was so far outside the biblical mindset and so obviously wrong that it did not need the
frequent condemnations other sins did. Scripture condemns the practice when it
mentions it. Once a moral principle has been established in the Bible, every possible
application of it need not be mentioned. For example, the general principle that theft is
wrong was clearly established in Scripture; but there’s no need to provide an exhaustive
list of every kind of theft. Similarly, since the principle that contraception is wrong has
been established by being condemned when it’s mentioned in the Bible, every particular
form of contraception does not need to be dealt with in Scripture in order for us to see
that it is condemned.
Family planning plays a pivotal role in population growth, poverty reduction, and
human development. Failure to sustain family planning programs, both domestically and
abroad, will lead to increased population growth and poorer health worldwide,
especially among the poor. However, robust family planning services have a range of
benefits, including maternal and infant survival, nutrition, educational attainment, the
status of girls and women at home and in society, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
prevention, and environmental conservation efforts. Family planning is a prerequisite for
achievement of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals and for realizing the
human right of reproductive choice. Family planning decrease the poverty range of the
society by controlling childbirth to sustain all the needs of every child and their parents
work well for the good of their family status.
The purposes of family planning is to prevent giving birth to unwanted child
especially to the people who enter into relationship without aim of marrying in future,
to ensure the enough preparation of the parents before getting another child and
others do it with aim of getting few children's whom they can raise without strain.
Family planning helps a family advance and develop, it allows the mother regain her
health after delivery it is protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases and
HIV/AIDS, avoiding unwanted pregnancies, having a child at a desired period of time,
prevention of early or late pregnancy and for a couple who desires to space births and
it provides space for children to acquire enough parental care and attention.
As what the advertisement shown on the television, the family of the child is
quite big because the mother and the father didn’t plan about the future of their
children. This is the reason why the use of contraceptives and family planning
counseling is important to have a proper child spacing to reduce the risk on lacking of
food and not being able to provide a good quality education for the children.
Young people need the right information at the right time and from the right
person, so we need to improve communication about sexuality. Adolescents shouldn’t
fall victim to things like STIs, pregnancy and HIV because of lack of good information.
Statement of the Problem
This study will focus on randomly selected patients in New Era Birthing Home
and Urdaneta District Hospital, to examine the importance of contraceptives for family
planning. The study considers all method of contraceptives; hormonal method and
fertility awareness methods.
How important is it that people our age discuss the possibility of pregnancy with a
partner?
How likely would your partner refuse to have intercourse if you said you wanted to use
birth control?
If women were to choose on what contraceptives to use for safe coitus, what is the
method they would likely prefer?
This study will focus on reducing the unwanted pregnancy using contraceptives
to the mother’s age 15-40 years old.
The respondents are the mother’s who gave birth at their first child or grandmulti
para at New Era Birthing home and Urdaneta District Hospital. The respondents
randomly selected in the said facilities.
Preparation of the study will be conducted at Urdaneta City University and the
actual procedure will be held at Urdaneta District Hospital and New Era Birthing Home,
which will be in the form of interviews. The said interviews will start on the month of
April, 2019.
Mother. This study will give enough time and opportunity to love and provide
attention to her husband and children.
Teenagers and Young adults. The findings of the study will provide necessary
information to widen the knowledge regarding the subject matter. It can prevent
teenage pregnancy, premarital sex and unwanted babies.
Father. This study will enlighten the burden and responsibility on supporting his
family.
Definition of Terms
Coitus interruptus. This is the practice of withdrawing the penis from the
vagina and away from a woman’s external genitals before ejaculation to prevent
pregnancy.
Family planning. This allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain
their desired number of children and the spacing and timing out of their births.
CHAPTER II
This chapter deals with the reviewed related literature and studies.
A number of related articles were used by the researchers to gain further understanding
of the topic being studied.
Similar to Jessica Taylor (2019), there are several advantages and disadvantages
of family planning, some advantages of family planning is gives women the option to
wait until they are financially able to care for a child, and gives them time to pursue
educational and employment goals without worrying about the financial burden of an
unplanned pregnancy while the disadvantages is the most common side effects
associated with hormonal contraception include weight gain, headaches, dizziness and
nausea. Less common but more serious side effects include stroke, blood clots and
ectopic pregnancy.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This chapter deals with the method of research used, sources of data, data gathering
procedure, summary of findings, conclusion, and insights.
The researchers will make use of the interview method. The researchers will
conduct the interviews through different questionnaires. This method will be used to
widen the knowledge of the importance of using contraceptives for family planning.
Sources of Data
The researchers will use random sampling method from the mother’s in Urdaneta
District Hospital and New Era Birthing Home.
The researchers will consult the Head Nurse of Urdaneta District Hospital and
New Era Birthing home to determine the number of patients currently admitted in the
area, specifically the women ages 15-44 years old. After identifying the statistics, the
researchers will decide to disseminate validated questionnaires to the respondents.
Thereafter, the questionnaires will be retrieved for analysis and conduction of proposed
solution.
QUESTIONNARE
NAME:
AGE:
LOCATION OF BIRTHING FACILITIES:
URDANETA DISTRICT HOSPITAL
NEW ERA BIRTHIMG HOME AND DIAGNOSTIC CLINIC
MARITAL STATUS:
MARRIED
SINGLE
LIVE IN
NO. OF CHILDREN:
1
2
3
OTHERS SPECIFY: ______________
ARE YOU USING A CONTRACEPTIVES?
YES
NO
WHAT KIND OF CONTRACEPTIVES ARE YOU USING?
HORMONAL PILLS
INJECTABLES
IMPLANT
IUD (INTRA UTERINE DEVICE)
OTHRES SPECIFY: _____________
WHAT ARE YOUR INSIGHTS ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVES?
TABLE 1
Summary of Findings
It’s very important to discuss about the possibility of pregnancy to the young
people so that they would need to think about the consequences of sex. As for the
couples, discussing the chance of pregnancy and seeking family planning counseling as
soon as possible will help them prevent an unintended pregnancy.
If your partner refuses to use protection, then they aren’t showing respect for
you or your health and explain to your partner about preventing STDs and unplanned
pregnancy is one of the most important things you can do to protect your both sexual
health.
With the use of contraceptives this could prevent individuals on having diseases
and teenage pregnancies.
Conclusions
Family planning is very important to the people who wants to have a family.
family planning guides them in controlling the number of children in a family and the
intervals of their birth. Contraceptives is a device or type of drug that serves to prevent
pregnancy. Midwives are trained to provide locally available and culturally acceptable
contraceptives methods. There are two types of contraceptive method, the modern and
the traditional method. The modern method is using drugs to prevent pregnancies,
while the traditional method is not using drugs, it’s a natural way to prevent pregnancy.
Family planning helps the parents to have a good and better life as a family.
The positive effects of family planning are perhaps nowhere more evident than in
the developing world. Family planning Create awareness among couples on how to
manage their fertility for health reasons while providing information and services on all
legally permissible and medically accepted family planning method.3 After providing full
information, help couples to know what the use of family planning and Respect the
right of the couples to plan their family as they see how many children they want
remember that the community health nurse or midwives should never decide from
them.
Planning the family will lessen the pleasure on the family income for there will be
fewer children to feed, clothes, educate and provide to the other needs of their
children. The Husband and Wife should be free to determine the size of their family
according to their capabilities to ensure the children basic needs. Parents are the ones
responsible for the life they bring into being and it is them who knew best to what
extent they can carry out their responsibility