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Technological Institute of the Philippines

SODIUM
CHLORIDE
SILO
(S-101)
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION

Equipment Tag: S-101

Sodium Chloride Silo Data
Description: To store Sodium Chloride
Sheet
Sheet No.: 4
OPERATING DATA 1
MATERIAL OF
NO. REQUIRED 5 Carbon Steel 2
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATING OPERATING
30 ºC 3.5 atm 3
TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
CONTENTS Sodium Chloride 4
TANK CAPACITY 175.58 m3 5
ACTUAL DIMENSION OF THE TANK 6
ACTUAL CYLINDER
22.84 m 7
CIRCUMFERENCE
ACTUAL CYLINDER OUTSIDE
7.27 m 8
DIAMETER
ACTUAL CYLINDER INSIDE
7.30 m 9
DIAMETER
ACTUAL CONE SURFACE AREA 23.94 m2 10
ACTUAL HEIGHT OF CYLINDER 6.30 m 11
ACTUAL HEIGHT OF CONE 2.31 m 12
ACTUAL TANK HEIGHT 8.61 m 13
DESIGN DIMENSIONS 19
HEIGHT OF CONICAL HOPPER 2.31 m 20
TANK INSIDE DIAMETER 7.30 m 21
TANK OUTSIDE DIAMETER 7.27 m 22
SHELL THICKNESS 11.21 mm 23
INSIDE DIAMETER AT THE
0.0857 m 24
DISCHARGE
INSIDE RADIUS AT THE
0.0428 m 25
DISCHARGE
HEIGHT OF CYLINDER 6.30 m 26
HEIGHT OF TRUNCATED CONE 2.31 m 27
TOTAL HEIGHT OF THE SILO 8.61 m 28

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

From Material Balance:

STREAM 6
Mass,
Component Mass %
kg/hr
NaCl 3,340.95 100.00
TOTAL 3,340.95 100.00

DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS

1. 20% Volumetric allowance (ref: Walas, S. M. (1990). Chemical Process

2. Equipment Selection and Design. USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.)
3. Operating Temperature is 30°C
4. Operating Pressure is at 1 atm
5. Since there will be 5 silos required, the mass flow rate from the previous
6. equipment will be divided into 3.
7. Feed rate = 3,340.95 kg/h
8. Assumed mass flowrate at the discharge is 5 kg/s

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Capacity of the tank

kg
1282
m3
(Ref.: Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook 8th Edition)

Capacity of the Tank (for the basis of 7 days, or 168 hrs)

kg
668.1 x 168 hr
V= hr = 𝟖𝟖𝐦𝟑
kg
1282 3
m

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Design Volume

Vtank = 87(1.20)

𝐕𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐤 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟎𝟕 𝐦𝟑

Diameter at the Discharge

Using Beverloo Equation:

mass flow rate = 0.58ρb × g 0.5 × (D − kdp)2.5

(Ref.: http://www.thermopedia.com/content/821/. Granular Materials, Discharge

through Orifices)

2
mass flowrate 5
D=( ) + kdp
0.58ρb × g 0.5

Where:
kg
ρb = 1282
m3

k = 1.4
2
kg 5
5 s
D=( ) + 1.4(0.000000055)
kg
0.58 × 1282 3 × 9.810.5
m

𝐃 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝐦

𝐫1 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟖 𝐦

For Conical Hopper

∅ = 𝟒𝟓°

(Ref.: The American Institute of Steel Construction. (March, 2013). Best Angle
Design for the bottom of a Silo. Chicago: The Chicago Curve.)

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Height of Conical Hopper

Di
tan∅ =
2h
Di
h=
2tan45°

Inside Diameter

Vt = Vcyl + Vr.c

π 2 1
Vt = Di L + π(r22 + r1 r2 + r12 )h
4 3

Where:
L = 1.2Di

Di
r2 =
2

𝐫𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟖 𝐦

Di
h=
2

π 2 1 Di 2 Di Di
105.07 m3 = Di (1.2Di ) + π (( ) + (0.0428 m)( ) + (0.04298 m)2 )
4 3 2 2 2

𝐃𝐢 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟏𝐦

4.61 m
r𝟐 =
2

𝐡 = 𝐫𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝐦

Volume of Truncated Cone

1
VTruncated Cone = π(r22 + r1 r2 + r12 )h
3
1
VTruncated Cone = π((2.31)2 + 0.0428 m × 2.31 m + (0.0428)2 )2.31 m
3

𝐕𝐓.𝐂 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟓 𝐦𝟑

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 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Volume of Cylinder
π 2
Vcyl = D (1.2Di )
4 i
π
Vcyl = 4.612 (1.2 × 4.61 m)
4

𝐕𝐜𝐲𝐥 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝟑

Shell Thickness

Design Stress at a temperature of 30°C is based on the data provided by RK

Sinnott in Table 13.2 page 812.

@ 30°C, design stress for carbon steel is 88.9 N/mm2

Shell Thickness
Pi Di
ts = +C
2Jf − Pi

N
f = 140.31 , C = 2 mm
mm2
N
(0.3546375 ) (4610 mm)
ts = mm2 + 2 mm
N N
(2)(1) (88.9 ) − (0.3546375 )
mm2 mm2

𝐭 s = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟏 𝐦𝐦

Outside Diameter

D𝐨 = Di + 2t s

D𝐨 = 4.61 m + 0.02242

𝐃𝐨 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟑 𝐦

Silo Tank Actual Dimensions

Based on the standard measurements of readily available steel plate (20 feet by 6
feet)

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CT = π(4.63)

𝐂𝐓 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝐦

14.55 m
D𝐨,𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐭 =
π

𝐃𝐨,𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐭 = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟕 𝐦

Maintaining the 0.02242m thickness,

Dt,acct = 7.27 m − 0.02242m

𝐃𝐭,𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐭 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎 𝐦

Surface Area of Truncated Cone

A = (r1 + r2 )π√(r1 − r2 )2 + h2

A = (0.0468 + 2.31)π√(0.0468 − 2.31)2 + 2.312

𝐀 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟗𝟒 𝐦𝟐

Height of Cylinder
π
105.07 m3 = (4.61 m)2 L
4

𝐋 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟎 𝐦

Height of Truncated Cone

A = (r1 + r2 )π√(r1 − r2 )2 + h2

23.94 m2 = (0.0468 + 2.31)π√(0.0468 − 2.31)2 + h2

𝐡 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝐦

Total Height of the Silo

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H𝐓 = L + h

H𝐓,𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐭 = 6.30 + 2.31 m

𝐇𝐓,𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐭 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟏 𝐦

Total Silo Volume

π 2 1
Vt = Di L + π(r22 + r1 r2 + r12 )h
4 3
π 1
Vt = (7.30 m)2 (6.30) + π(2.312 + (0.0468)(2.31) + 0.04682 )2.31 m
4 3

𝐕𝐭 = 𝟐𝟕𝟔. 𝟖𝟓𝐦𝟑