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al-Hilali and Dr. Muhsin Khan, [pg. 899], three types of Shirk are described [Akbar,
Asghar and Khafi]. Then Ash-Shirk-al Akbar is further divided into 4 types:
Shirk-ad-du’aa,
Shirk-at-Taa’ah,
Shirk-al-Ma’habbah.
In this, any action done with the intention of getting anything other than pleasure of
Allaah is described, e.g. worldly benefit.
The evidence given is the following verse, where worldly benefit is described as the
cause for the reward to be lost:
Any act of worship or any religious deed done in order to gain praise, fame or for
worldly benefit, falls under this category.
If we read all the following verses about sincerity [which mention reward in this
world as against the reward in hereafter], and the reply of the messengers to their
people, we find that they specifically mentioned that we don’t want anything in
return, and our “ajr” [reward] is with Allaah alone.
29
"And O my people! I ask of you no wealth for it, my reward is from none but Allah.
I am not going to drive away those who have believed. Surely, they are going to meet
their Lord, but I see that you are a people that are ignorant.
ُطاَفرفد المفذيننَ آنمسنوُبا إفنمسهم دملنسقو اف نونماَ أننناَب بف ن سأ نلسسكبم نعلنبيِفه نماَلد إفبن أنبجفر ن
يِ إفلم نعنلىَ ا نونياَ قنبوُفم ل أن ب
نربففهبم نولنـَفكنفنيِ أننراسكبم قنبوُدماَ تنبجنهسلوُنن
51
"O my people I ask of you no reward for it (the Message). My reward is only from
Him, Who created me. Will you not then understand?
طنرفنيِ أنفنلن تنبعقفسلوُنن سأ نلسسكبم نعلنبيِفه أنبجدرا إفبن أنبجفر ن
يِ إفلم نعنلىَ المفذيِ فن ن نياَ قنبوُفم ل أن ب
19. And have in their minds no favour from anyone for which a reward is expected
in return,
20. But only the desire to seek for the Countenance of their Lord Most High;
These verses were revealed about the sincerity of Aboo Bakr [RA] who used to free
the old and weak slaves, and when his father suggested that he should free the young
and strong slaves who can help him later, Aboo Bakr [RA] replied that he does it
only for the pleasure of Allaah [swt] i.e. he did not want any other benefit for himself
[i.e. for his action to be purely for Allaah [swt], he did not like to benefit in any other
way, which was praised by Allaah [swt] in the above verses].
[2] A’haadeeth:
، ) منَ تعلم علماَد مماَ يبتغيِ به وجه اـَـَ عـَـَز وجـَـَل: قوُل الرسوُل صلىَ ا عليِه وسلم
ِ ل م يجـَد عـَرف الجنـَة يـَوُم القيِاَمـَة ( يعنـَي، َل يتعلمه إل ليِصيِب به عرضـَاَد مـَنَ ال دنيِا
( وصححه اللباَنيِ فيِ صحيِح أبيِ داود3664 ) رواه أبوُ داود. َ ريحها.
In Musnad A’hmad 134/5, one ‘hadeeth is mentioned, the last part of which says,
“Whoever performed the works [deeds] of Hereafter for the sake of acquiring
worldly benefits, there shall be no share in the Hereafter for him”.
َحدثناَ عبد ا بنَ أحمد قاَل و حدثنيِ أبوُ الشعثاَء عليِ بنَ الحسنَ الوُاسطيِ حدثنا
يحيِىَ بنَ يماَن عنَ سفيِاَن عنَ مغيِرة السراج عنَ الربيِع بنَ أنس عنَ أبيِ العاَليِة
عنَ أبيِ بنَ كعب قاَل
َقاَل رسوُل ا صلىَ ا عليِه وسلم بشر هذه المة باَلسناَء والرفعة والنصر والتمكيِن
فيِ الرض فمنَ عمل عمل الخرة للدنيِاَ لم يكنَ له فيِ الخرة نصيِب
[1]
Narrated By Ubadah ibn as-Samit: I taught some persons of the
people of Suffah writing and the Qur'an. A man of them presented
to me a bow. I said: It can not be reckoned property; may I shoot
with it in Allah's path? I must come to the Apostle of Allah (SAWS)
and ask him (about it). So I came to him and said: Apostle of Allah
(SAWS), one of those whom I have been teaching writing and the
Qur'an has presented me a bow, and as it can not be reckoned
property, may I shoot with it in Allah's path? He said: If you want to
have a necklace of fire on you, accept it.
================================================== ========
[2]
The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
"Whoever acquires knowledge which should be sought for the sake of
Allaah, but he only learns it in order to attain some worldly goal [benefit],
he will not smell the fragrance of Paradise on the Day of Resurrection.
"Narrated by Abu Dawood (3664).Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in
Saheeh Abi Dawood.
=================================================
= ====
[3]
Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Give glad
tidings to this ummah of splendour, religion, high rank, victory and
prevalence on earth. Whoever does the deeds of the Hereafter to gain
some worldly benefit, will have no share of the Hereafter. "(Reported by
Ahmad. Saheeh al-Jaami ', 2825).
If it is said: If a person seeks some worldly goal in his work, how can it be said
that he is sincere?
The answer is that if he is sincere in his worship and does not intend to show
off or seek people’s praise for his worship, rather he is seeking some material
benefit from this worship, then he is not like one who shows off and tries to
draw closer to people by doing something that should be done only in order to
draw closer to Allaah, wanting them to praise him for it. However, his seeking
this material gain could detract from his sincerity and could become a kind of
shirk, and his status could become lower than that of one who seeks the
Hereafter only.
[4] Others:
In the definition of “’Amal-Saali’h [good deed]”, the two conditions are Ikhlaas
[purely for the sake of Allaah [swt]] and that it should be according to Sunnah. If
someone helps a person in any worldly need and asks money or any worldly thing in
return for his help, will it be for the sake of Allaah [swt] alone? Even while giving a
gift [Hadyah], we should not have that desire.
If this is against Ikhlaas, then how about teaching religious knowledge [which is one
of the best deeds] for a payment? After-all, what is meant by َ عرضاَ د منَ الدنيِاin the
first ‘Hadeeth? Its meaning is ‘some worldly benefit’, and its meaning is not
‘seeking name or fame or showing off’.
Also, sadaqah followed by “Mann wa Adhaa” destroys its reward, apart from just
showing-off, which shows that it is not just Riyaa which destroys the reward.
Also, in [76:9], the sign of sincerity is shown by not desiring even thanks after
feeding poor people.
إفنمنماَ نسبطفعسمسكبم لفنوُبجفه م
اف نل نسفريسد فمنسكبم نجنزاء نونل س
شسكوُراد
We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: no reward do we desire from you, nor
thanks.
[5] History:
[a]
If we study the life of Prophet [saws], Sa’haabah [ra] and Salaf Saali’heen, we find
that none of them took any payment for teaching, although they were financially in
need of it more than today’s muslims, and even though they knew about the
following ‘Hadeeth:
ب م
ا(ف ق نماَ أننخبذتسبم نعلنبيِفه أنبجدرا فكنتاَ س
) إفمن أننح م: كقوُله صلىَ ا عليِه وسلم فيِ قصة اللديغ
ِرواه البخاَري
I feel that in this ‘hadeeth, the payment was taken for curing a person from scorpion
bite, and not for teaching. [this is also the view of Ibn Taymiyyah [ra]].
[b]
As far as payment for those who were appointed for collecting Zakaah and the
Governers etc. is concerned, it was not for teaching but for some administrative
work.
[c]
In Arabic language text book, we had a lesson on “History of Schools and
Universities in Islaamic world” by Dr. Mustafa al-Sabaa’ee. In it he mentioned that
in the beginning of Islaam, the teachers did not take any payment for teaching.
[a]
If anyone says that we don’t do this action for the worldly benefit only, but our main
intention is to please Allaah [swt], then it is similar to the Mushrikeen’s claim that
they also believed in Allaah but along with that they believed in other gods also to
get closer to Him. Afterall, what does “Shirk” mean? There has to be something
along with Allaah to be called as Shirk.
There might be some worldly actions which if done according to Sunnah or for the
sake of pleasing Allaah [swt], one gets reward for that intention. But these are
basically worldly matters, which improve in their quality by having good intention,
whereas religious actions e.g. worship, especially teaching religious knowledge, is
from the actions of Hereafter, for which a warning is given for having wrong
intentions, in Verses and A’haadeeth as mentioned above.
[b]
While I was studying at Jaami’ah al-Hudaa in Nottingham, UK [ in 2005], we had a
discussion in the class on the same topic, and the girls were in favour of taking
payment, saying, “we have to pay the bills!!”. Also, when I observed disrespect from
the girls for the teachers [girls not paying attention in class and not working hard
but asking the teacher to explain the things again and again] and scolded them for
their attitude, one of them said arrogantly, “they get paid for that”, which shows the
reason for disrespect might be the payment for teaching, so they think of teachers as
dependant on their money.
When such students graduate, they present a very negative image of religion, aiming
first to have a JOB with salary, while their actions and behaviour is unIslaamic.
There might be some sincere students, but the majority are using religion for
worldly goals.
[c]
I know a friend who completed 5 year course for ‘Aalimah. She is teaching students
at her home for a payment because she has to pay for the mortgage of her new
home!
There might me many more cases like this all over the world.
[d]
Also, in another muslim country, I saw people involved in religious organizations
having very big houses [more than one] and driving Mercedes or BMW cars etc. I
am not against having such things, but what I want to point out is that it has become
a kind of business for many people to aim for worldly progress through religion.