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States of Matter
Class assignment
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States of Matter
1
T. K.E. = T per molecule or RT per mole.
2
In vibrational motion, molecules possess both kinetic as well as potential energy. This means
energy of vibration involves two degrees of freedom.
1 1
Vibrational energy = 2 × kT + 2 × RT [two degrees of freedom per molecule]
2 2
If the gas molecules have n1 translational degrees of freedom, n2 rotational degrees of freedom
and n3 vibrational degrees of freedom, then total energy =
Degrees of Freedom
Types of Gas Translational Rotational Vibrational
Monoatomic 3 0 0
Diatomic 3 2 (3n - 5) = 1
Triatomic 3 for linear 3 for non- 2 for linear 3 for non (3n - 5) for linear (3n - 6)
linear linear for non-linear
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States of Matter
PASSAGE - 2
As we go higher above the sea level, the atmospheric pressure decreases. The exact decrease in
pressure with increase is given by the following expression called barometric formula.
-1 -3 - -2
M = Average molecular mass of air = 28.8 g mol = 28.8 × 10 kg mol 1 g = 9.8 ms , R = 8.314
JK-1 mol-1, T is temperature in Kelvin.
Boiling point of the liquid is the temperature at which vapour pressure of liquid becomes equal to
atmospheric pressure. It means boiling point depends upon external pressure acting on the liquid. As the
temperature increases, vapour pressure increases.
Q 19. The boiling point of water at higher altitude is
(a) 100 °C (b) < 100 °C (c) > 100 °C (d) 0°C
Q 20. The boiling point of water in pressure cooker is
(a) 100 °C (b) > 100 °C (c) < 100°C (d) 25 °C
Q 21. The relation between vapour pressure of a liquid and external pressure
(a) V.P Pext (b) V.P 1/Pext. (c) V. P is independent of external pressure. (d) V.P = Pext
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States of Matter
Numerical Questions
Q 27. 3.7 g of a gas at 25°C occupied the same volume as 0. 184g of hydrogen at 17°C and at the
same pressure. What is the molecular weight of the gas?
Q 28. A straight glass tube has two inlets X and Y at two ends. The length of tube is 200 cm. HCl gas
through inlets X and NH3 gas through inlet Y are allowed to enter the tube at the same time.
What fumes appear at point P inside the tube. Find distance of P from X.
home assignment
Single Choice Questions
Q 1. Two grams of gas A are introduced in a evacuated flask at 25°C. The pressure of the gas is 1
atm. Now 3 g of another gas B is introduced in the same flask the total pressure becomes 1.5
atm. The ratio of molecular mass of A and B is
(a) 3/1 (b) 1/3 (c)1/4 (d) 2/3
Q 2. Calculate the volume occupied at 27°C and 2 atmospheric pressure of the gas evolved from 2 ml
of solid carbon dioxide. The density of solid CO2 is 1.53 g/ml
(a) 0.855 L (b) 0.538 L (c) 0.429 L (d) 0.938 L
Q 3. The critical pressure and critical temperature of a gas obeying van der Waals' equation have
values 73 atm, and 31°C. Calculate the van der Waals' constant V.
(a) 3.58 (b) 4.68 (c) 3.86 (d) 9.56
Q 4. It is possible to liquefy a gas
(a) at a temperature above critical temperature and at a pressure above critical pressure
(b) at a temperature at critical temperature and at a pressure lower than critical pressure
(c) at critical temperature and at a pressure equal to critical pressure
(d) at a temperature above critical temperature and pressure below critical pressure.
Q 5. At constant volume for a fixed number of moles of the gas, the pressure of the gas increases in
temperature due to
(a) increase in arrange molecular speed. (b) increase in collision frequency
(c) increase in molecular attraction (d) increase in mean free path
Q 6. The velocity of hydrogen molecule is 1.84 × 10 5 cm/s and the mean free path is 1.78 × 10 -5 cm
at STP. The collision frequency of hydrogen is
(a) 1.84 × 105 s-1 (b) 1.78 × 10-5 s-1 (c) 1.03 × 1010 s-1 (d) 324 s-1
Q 7. The molar specific heat at constant volume of a mixture of gases A and B is 4.33 cal K -1 mol-1. A
is monatomic and B is diatomic gas then the ratio of moles of A and B is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 1
Q 8. At what temperature will the total K.E. of 0.3 mol of He be the same as the total K.E. of 0.4 mol
of Ar at 400 K?
(a) 533 K (b) 400 K (c) 346 K (d) 300 K
Q 9. A quantity of gas is collected in a graduated tube over mercury. The volume of the gas at 20C is
50.0 ml and the level of the mercury in the tube is 100 mm above the outside mercury level. The
barometer reads 750 mm, volume at S.T.P. is
(a) 39.8 ml (b) 40 ml (c) 42 ml (d) 60 ml
Q 10. The equal amount of hydrogen and oxygen are filled in a balloon and a same hole is made after
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States of Matter
sometime 0.01 mole of hydrogen effused out. The mole fraction of oxygen left in balloon is
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.098 (c) 0.055 (d) 0.98
Multiple Choice Questions
Q 11. In a Victor Meyer experiment 0.241 gram of chloroform expelled 47.9 ml of air collected over
mercury measured at 23°C and 764 mm pressure. Calculate the approximate molecular weight
of chloroform.
(a) 110 (b) 120 (c) 80 (d) 140
Q 12. For a molecule of CO2
(a) there are three translational degrees of freedom.
(b) there are two rotational degrees of freedom
(c) there are four vibrational degrees of freedom and the total energy = 13/2 kT
Q 13. The factor (s) which measure (s) the deviation from ideal behavior from ideal behavior of a gas are
(a) collision diameter (b) compressibility factor (c) van der Waals’ constant ‘a’ (d) collision frequency
Q 14. 4 g of H2 diffused through a small hole is 5 seconds at 1 atm. The amount of oxygen diffused in
same interval of time at 1.5 atm and same temperature will be
(a) 16 g (b) 32 g (c) 8 g (d) 24 g
Q 15. Which of the following is correct?
(a) Linde process for the liquefaction of air is based on Joule Thomson effect.
(b) At ordinary temperature hydrogen gas gets warmed up instead of getting cooled in the Joule
– Thomson expansion.
(c) At ordinary temperature CO2 gas gets warmed up instead of getting cooled in the Joule –
Thomson expansion.
(d) The electrostatics forces of attraction between induced dipoles and the original dipoles are
termed as London forces.
Passage Based Questions
PASSAGE - 1
On the basis of postulates of kinetic theory of gases, it is possible to derive the mathematical
1
expression, commonly called as kinetic gas equation. PV = mn' C2RMS
3
Where P = Pressure of the gas; V = Volume of the gas
m = Mass of the molecule of the gas; n' = Number of molecule present
This has been derived by considering that a certain mass of gas enclosed in a
cubical vessel of side 'l' centimeter having ri molecules and mass of each molecule being
m. The speed can be resolved into three components, i.e., ux, uy , and uz parallel to the edges of the
container as shown
Q 16. The total change in momentum along face T will be
(a) mux (b) mu2x (c) mux2/l (d) mux/l
Q 17. Total change in momentum along x-axis will be
(a) 2mux2/l (b) 2mux/l (c) mu2 (d) 2 mu2x
Q 18. The pressure exerted by the gas is directly proportional to
(a) root mean square speed (b) average speed (c) mean square speed d) All of these
PASSAGE - 2
Density of gas is inversely proportional to temperature and directly proportional to pressure.
= constant
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States of Matter
Density at a particular temperature and pressure can be calculated by using ideal gas equatior
mass
PV = nRT PV = RT
molar mass( M )
mass PM
P×M= × RT P× M = d × RT d=
volume RT
Q 19. Which of the following has maximum density ?
(a) O2 at 25°C and 1 atm (b) O2 at 0°C and 2 atm
(c) O2 at 273°C and 1 atm (d) O2 at 0°C and 1 atm
Q 20. The density of CO2 at 1 atm and 273 K is
(a) 1.96 gL-1 (b) 2.12 gL-1 (c) 1.09 gL-1 (d) 2.02 gL-1
Q 21. The density of gas is 3.8 g L-1 at STP. The density at 27°C and 700 mm Hg pressure will be
(a) 3.185 gL-1 (b) 3.185 g ml-1 (c) 3.185 kg L-1 (d) 3.185 kg ml-1
Assertion & Reason
Question Instruction For Questions
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R is false. (d) A is false, R is true.
Q 22. A : The value of van der Waals' constant 'a' is larger for NH3 than PH3.
R : Hydrogen bonding is present in NH3
Q 23. A : At constant volume the pressure of given mass of a gas increases or decreases by 1/273 of
its pressure at 0°C per degree change of temperature.
R : At constant volume the change in internal energy of the gas is zero.
Q 24. A : At low pressure and fairly high temperature real gases show nearly ideal behaviour and the
ideal gas equation is obeyed.
R : At high pressure, pressure due to attraction force and volume of one molecule is negligible.
Q 25. A : if the volume occupied by the gas molecules is not negligible as compared to the total volume of
the gas then the volume available for compression of the gas will be less than the observed volume.
R : The compressibility factor for an ideal gas is 1
Numerical Questions
Q 27. 1 litre of mixture of CO and CO 2 is taken. The mixture is passed through a tube containing red
hot charcoal . the volume now becomes 1.6 litre. The volumes are measured under the same
conditions. Find the composition of mixture by colume.
Q 28. The pressure in a bulb dropped from 2000 to 1500 mm of mercury in 47 minutes when the
contained oxygen leaked through a small hole. The bulb was then evacuated. A mixture of
oxygen and another gas of molecular weight 79 in the molar ratio of 1 : 1 at a total pressure of
4000 mm of mercury was introduced. Find the molar ratio of the two gases remaining in the
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States of Matter
29