INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

ALIMANNAO HILLS, PENABLANCA, CAGAYAN

isaphsdept@gmail.com

Introduction to Linguistics
Pre-Test

1. It is a branch of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds (including or excluding phonetics), within a
language or between different languages.
a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Syntax
d. Semantics

2. It is a branch of linguistics that deals with the rules les governing the structure of sentences.

a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Syntax
d. Semantics

3. It is a branch of linguistics that deals with the rules concerning the meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or
text.
a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Syntax
d. Semantics

4. It is a branch of linguistics that deals with the rules governing word structure.

a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Syntax
d. Semantics

5. It is a system that uses some physical sign (sound, gesture, mark) to express meaning.
a. linguistics
b. communication
c. language
d. non-verbal and verbal communication

6. It is the scientific study of language.

a. linguistics
b. communication
c. language
d. non-verbal and verbal communication

7. “-s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est” are examples of what kind of suffixes?
a. Derivational

b. Inflectional

c. singular

d. Gerundial

8. “-able, - ness, -ful, -ment, and –ity” are examples of what kind of suffixes?

a. Derivational

b. Inflectional

c. singular

d. Gerundial

9. [The people] [talked] [over the noise].

What is the syntactical interpretation of the sentence above?

a. “over” is a verb

b. “over” is a participle

c. “over” is a preposition

d. “over” is an adverb

10. Sentences below are facts about language except:

a. We are able to distinguish grammatical from ungrammatical sentences.

b. We are able to recognize truncated sentences that are missing nouns.

c. We are able to recognize ambiguous sentences.

d. We cannot create sentences that paraphrase each other.

11. He is the father of “modern linguistics” and rejects the idea that direct teaching and correcting of grammar could
account for children’s utterances because the rules children were unconsciously acquiring are buried in the unconscious
of the adults.

a. William Shakespeare

b. Noam Chomsky

c. Sigmund Freud

d. Ludwig Wittgenstein

12. What does LAD stand for?

a. Linguistic Acquiring Device

b. Language Acquisition Device

c. Linguistic Acquisition Device

d. Language Acquiring Device

13. Below are nasal consonant sounds except:

a. m

b. n

c. w

d. ng

14. Which of the following is a fricative consonant sound?

a. sh

b. dz

c. j

d. l

15. It refers to the particular combination of sounds and meaning.

a. sentence

b. phrase

c. paragraph

d. word

16. It studies language at the level of sounds, how sounds are articulated by the human speech mechanism and received
by the auditory mechanism, and how sounds can be distinguished and characterized by the manner in which they are
produced.

a. phonetics

b. semantics

c. pragmatics

d. discourse

17. It is the study of how language is used in real communication.

a. phonetics

b. semantics

c. pragmatics

d. discourse

18. It is the study of chunks of language which are bigger than a single sentence. At this level, inter-sentential links that
form a connected or cohesive text are analyzed.

a. phonetics

b. semantics

c. pragmatics

d. discourse

19. Which of the following best describes the final sound in the word 'lunch'?
a. voiced velar fricative

b. voiceless alveolar fricative

c. voiceless aspirated velar affricate

d. voiceless alveopalatal affricate

20. Allophones of the same phoneme must:

a. share the same place of articulation

b. be in complementary distribution

c. have the same underlying representation

d. all of the above

21. It refers to the pauses or breaks between syllables.

a. juncture

b. stress

c. pitch

d. intonation

22. These are variants of a morpheme that may be phonologically or morphologically conditioned.

a. morphemes

b. free morphemes

c. allomorphs

c. bound morphemes

23. These are kinds of morphemes that can stand on their own as independent words

a. morphemes

b. free morphemes

c. allomorphs

c. bound morphemes

24. Which of the following are important sentence structure?

a. structure of language

b. structure of communication

c. structure of complimetation

d. structure of prediction

25. It is a linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression.

A. anaphora

b. antonymy
c. hyponymy

d. homonymy

TRUE or FALSE

1. Words like [kœt-s] ‘cats’ and [kaw-z] ‘cows’ indicate that [s] and [z] are two allophones of the same phoneme ‘plural’
in English.- False

2. Some languages are less complex than others; this is exemplified by the fact that less complex languages frequently
borrow words from other languages.- False

3. The words [gOrdZ] ‘gorge’ and [dZOrdZ] ‘George’ constitute a minimal pair, indicating that the initial consonants of
those words are distinct phonemes in English.- True

4. The morphological structure of a word tells us how to pronounce it and how to recognize or distinguish it from other
words.- False

5. A consonant phoneme is a speech sound that is formed by fully or partially obstructing flow of the airstreams.
Consonants are often described as closed sounds. –True

6. Vowels are sounds produced with little obstruction in the vocal tract and are generally voiced.- True

7. To produce a stressed syllable, one may change the pitch (usually by raising it), make the syllable louder, or make it
stronger.- true

8. Morphemes can be further subdivided even if it is the smallest unit. –false

9. Syntactic ambiguity is a characteristic of a word that has more than one possible meaning.- false

10. There is an inherent relation between the words of a language and their meaning or ideas conveyed by them.- false

ESSAY

Define language on your own understanding.

Content- 5

Grammar- 5

Structure- 5