Module - 02

Reciprocity Theorem

13.08.19 K.Shambavi, SENSE 1

 Reciprocity Theorem
Voltage Sources
A voltage source causing a current I in any branch of a circuit may be removed from
the original location and placed into that branch having the current I. The voltage
source in the new location will produce a current in the original source location that
is exactly equal to the originally calculated current, I.

When applying the reciprocity theorem for a voltage source, the following steps must
be followed:
1. The voltage source is replaced by a short circuit in the original location.
2. The polarity of the source in the new location is such that the current direction In
that branch remains unchanged.

13.08.19 K.Shambavi, SENSE 2

 Reciprocity Theorem
Current Sources
A current source causing a voltage V at any node of a circuit may be removed from
the original location and connected to that node. The current source in the new
location will produce a voltage in the original source location that is exactly equal to
the originally calculated voltage, V.

When applying the reciprocity theorem for a current source, the following
conditions must be met:
1. The current source is replaced by an open circuit in the original location.
2. The direction of the source in the new location is such that the polarity of the
voltage at the node to which the current source is now connected remains
unchanged.

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1. Verify reciprocity theorem for the given circuit.

we conclude that the reciprocity theorem applies for the given circuit.

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2. Verify reciprocity theorem for the given circuit.

The node voltages for the circuit are determined

as follows:

we conclude that the reciprocity theorem applies for the given circuit.

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3. Verify reciprocity theorem for the given circuit.

Interchanging the location of E and I

Finding the current I due to a source E. to demonstrate the validity of the
reciprocity theorem.

(1) (2)

we conclude that the reciprocity theorem applies for the given circuit.

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4. Verify reciprocity theorem for the given circuit.

we conclude that the reciprocity theorem applies for the given circuit.

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 5 a. Determine the current I in the circuit.
b. Show that reciprocity applies for the given circuit.

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