BASELINE STUDY ON CHILD PROTECTION AND THE EXISTENCE

OF RESOURCES AND SERVICES FOR CHILDREN IN THE

MUNICIPALITIES OF CATARMAN, BOBON, MONDRAGON,
PAMBUJAN AND SAN JOSE,
PROVINCE OF NORTHERN SAMAR

PREPARED BY:

LYNDELL P. TAGLE

SARAH C. DOMINGUEZ

RESEARCH CONSULTANTS

JULY 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We wish to express our thanks and gratitude to all the offices, organizations and individuals who have
contributed in the conduct of this baseline study, in particular to the Local Government Units of Bobon,
Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose. It is fitting to mention the support of all Municipal Mayors
and the invaluable contributions of various offices, such as: Municipal Social Welfare and Development
Offices, Municipal PNP Stations, specifically the Women and Children’s Protection Desk (WCPD),
Municipal Health Offices, Municipal Planning and Development Offices, Municipal Local Government
Offices, Municipal Sanitary Inspectors as well as the Provincial Local Government Offices and agencies
that provided secondary data for the study.

Our great appreciation to the kindness and enthusiasm displayed by the Barangay officials, Anti-VAWC
Officers, Health Workers, Day Care Workers, Volunteers and household representatives during the Focus
Group Discussions and Survey Interviews done in 10 barangays of the above-mentioned municipalities.
Thank you for generously answering our questions and providing additional inputs on the local processes
and mechanisms in the barangays.

We also recognize the participation of non-government organizations, which provided time to

accommodate the researchers in their busy schedules i.e. Plan International-Northern Samar Office and
Balay ni Bugto Emmanuel, who provided insights of their operations during our visit to their place.

Our special thanks to Ms. Karla Narcise- Rodulfo of Consuelo Foundation for her guidance in deepening
the design and focus of the study and support throughout the conduct of the field work and writing of the
report.

ii
 ACRONYMS
ANTI-VAWC Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children
BCPC Barangay Council for the Protection of Children
BHW Barangay Health Workers
BNS Barangay Nutrition Scholar
BWSA Barangay Water and Sanitation Association
BEmONC Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care
CAPIN Child Abuse Protection and Intervention Network
CANE Child Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
CCT (4Ps) Conditional Cash Transfer Program (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program)
CDC Child Development Center
CF Consuelo Zobel Alger Foundation
DCC Day Care Center
DEPED Department of Education
DOH Department of Health
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
ESWM Ecological Solid Waste Management
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
INGO International Non-Government Organization
KALAHI- Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social
CIDDS Services
LCPC Local Council for the Protection of Children
LGU Local Government Unit
MAWRA Married Women of Reproductive Age
MSWDO Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
MTC Municipal Trial Court
MCPC Municipal Council for the Protection of Children
NGO Non-Government Organizations
NHA National Housing Authority
NSPH Northern Samar Provincial Hospital
NSPNPO Northern Samar Philippine National Police Office
PNP Philippine National Police
PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office
PSA Philippines Statistics Authority
PSWDO Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office
RTC Regional Trial Court
RHU Rural Health Units
TCV Total Crime Volume
TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
UNICEF United Nations International Children Emergency Fund
WHO World Health Organization
WCPD Women and Children Protection Desks

iii
 TABLES

Table 1 Basic Information of the Five Municipalities

Table 2 Barangays of Bobon and their Population
Table 3 Barangays of Catarman and their Population
Table 4 Barangays of Mondragon and their Population
Table 5 Barangays of Pambujan and their Population
Table 6 Barangays of San Jose and their Population
Table 7 Number and Type of Cases Reported MSWDO by Municipality (2013-15)
Table 8 Number and Type of Cases Reported to MSWDO (2016-2017)
Table 9 Number and Types of Cases filed with PNP Stations by Municipality (2013-15)
Table 10 Number and Types of Cases reported at PNP Stations by Municipality (2016-2017)
Table 11 Table 11- Major Actors and their Roles in Reporting and Handling CANE Cases
Table 12 Number of Personnel Directly Involved in Handling CANE Cases
Table 13 Barangay Structures/ Mechanisms in 10 selected Barangays (FGD Results)
Table 14 Perceived Causes/ Risk Factors on CANE (FGDs Results)
Table 15 Gainful Workers 15 years and above in Various Occupational Groups
Table 16 Dependency Ratio Per Municipality
Table 17 Existence of Community facilities for Children and Youth
Table 18 Functionality of LCPC- Municipal Council for the Protection of Children
Table 19 LCPC Performance in the Four Functional Areas
Table 20 Functionality of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children
Table 21 Results of Discussions on BCPC functionalities in 10 selected Barangays
Table 22 Hospital and Clinic Facilities in Northern Samar
Table 23 Table 21 - Number of Public Birthing facilities, Health Centers and Health Stations
Table 24 Functionality of Health Centers and Health Stations
Table 25 Medical Health Personnel and Health Workers
Table 26 Data on Health Delivery in the 5 Municipalities (2016-17)
Table 27 Maternal, Infant and Under-5 Mortality
Table 28 Immunization Coverage
Table 29 Leading Causes of Mortality & Morbidity- 2017
Table 30 Leading Causes of Maternal & Under-5 Mortality - 2017
Table 31 Prevalence Rate of Severely Malnourished Pre-school Children (0-71 months old)
Table 32 Existence of Day Care Centers, Elementary and Secondary Schools in Northern Samar
Table 33 Senior High Schools (SHS)
Table 34 Education Indicators for Elementary (SY 2015-2016)
Table 35 Education Indicators for Elementary (SY 2014-2015)

iv
 FIGURES

Figure 1 Map of Northern Samar

Figure 2 Growth in Population in the 5 Prioritized Municipalities

Figure 3 Demographics-Population Distribution by Age Groups

Figure 4 Population of MAWRA, Number of Households and CCT Beneficiaries

Figure 5 Figure 5- Total Number of CANE Cases in the 5 Municipalities from 2013- 2017

Figure 6 Access to Safe Drinking Water

Figure 7 Access to Sanitation Facilities

Figure 8 Labor Participation in the Area

Figure 9 Prevalence Rate of Malnutrition among Children 0-71 Months - 5 Municipalities

v
 CONTENTS
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ii
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. iii
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. iv
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... vi-vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

MAIN REPORT
OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 9-10
METHODOLOGY 11-13

AREA PROFILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-22

Province of Northern Samar 14-15
Description of the Five Municipalities 15-23

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. Existence and Quality of Venues to Report Child Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation,
Formal Systems and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24-31
1.1 Reported Cases of CANE in the Five Municipalities 24-26
1.2 Existing Formal Systems in the Receipt, Recording and Processing of report of 26-29
CANE Cases
1.3 Issues and Concerns Pertaining to Receipt and Processing of CANE Cases 29-31

2. Environmental Factors (Risks and Protective) Impacting Child Well-Being . . . . . .. 31-35

2.1 Risk Factors 31-32
2.2 Other Associated Environmental Factors Impacting Child-being 32-35

3. Existence of Infrastructures, Facilities, Equipment, Manpower and Accessibility to

Services for Children Organizations, NGOs, Welfare Shelters, PNP & Courts . . . . . . 35-37
3.1 Private organizations providing services to children 35-36
3.2 Existing Welfare Shelters for Children in Northern Samar 36
3.3 Philippines National Police Stations 36
3.4 Judicial Courts 37

4. State of the Employable population, Employment, and Potential viable business and
livelihood opportunities . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37-38
4.1 Employment Sectors and the Working Population 37
4.2 Occupational Groups, Labor Participation and Potential Livelihoods 37
4.3 Dependency Ratios 38
5. Local Peace and Order Situation and LGU Initiatives 39
5.1 Crime Rates and LGU Initiatives

vi
 6. Existence and State of Children and Youth Facilities and Programs . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 39-40
6.1 Playgrounds and Other facilities for children and youth

7. Existence and implementation of local institutional mechanisms, plans and policies

for children, and community participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-45
7.1 Status and Functionality of the LCPC-Municipal 40
7.2 Existence and Implementation of Plans and Policies for Children 40
7.3 Status and Functionalities of Barangay Council for the Protection of Children 41-43
7.4 Community Awareness and Participation in Advocacy 43-45

8. Health and nutrition status families and children and existence and functionality of
health facilities and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-52
8.1 Available Hospitals and Medical Facilities 45-46
8.2 Existence and Quality of Rural Health Units and Health Center Facilities 46-47
8.3 Medical Health Personnel and Health Workers 47-48
8.4 Maternal and Child Care Services and Statistics 48-50
8.5 Top Causes of Mortality and Morbidity 50-51
8.6 Status of Malnutrition 52
9 Education Status and Existence of Educational Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52-55
9.1 Education Infrastructures, Facilities and Services 52-54
9.2 Education Indicators 54-55

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 56-58

APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59-101

vii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The primary purpose of this study is to gather and assess baseline data on child protection and the existence
of facilities, resources and services for children in the municipalities of Catarman, Bobon, Mondragon,
Pambujan and San Jose in Northern Samar.

FINDINGS

1. Existence and quality of venues to report Child Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation (CANE),
formal systems in the receipt, recording and processing of reports of CANE and updated
statistics

• Venues to report child abuse cases in the five municipalities exist with the presence of the Anti-
Violence against Women and Children (VAWC) Committees in the Barangays, the Women and
Child Protection Desks at the PNP Stations, the Municipal Social Welfare and Development
Offices and Local Health Units. This brings together the Barangay officials, VAWC Officers, Law
Enforcement Officers, Social Workers and the Municipal Health Officer as core actors in the
receipt and management of reported CANE cases.

• While this formal system and legal framework exist, there are procedural issues and gaps in the
system that need to be addressed to comply with the standard protocols for case management. For
example, there are barangays where the receipt of complaints is mostly handled by the Chairman
and Secretary as the VAWC Officers are not yet fully knowledgeable on their roles and
responsibilities. Issues such as breach of privacy and confidentiality and withdrawal of cases are
not uncommon. At the LGUs, there is no regular case conference involving multi-disciplinary
teams, although during intake interviews, the Social Worker, Police Officer and Health Officer
usually sit together as a team when there is a report. The MSWDO and PNP also adopt different
recording and filing systems.

• Over the last 5 years (2013-17), a total of 400 cases of child abuse, neglect and exploitation were
recorded at MSWDO and 348 at the PNP Stations in the five municipalities. The total number of
cases reported from 2013-15 constitute about 52% of all cases reported to PNP during that period.
In both reports from MSWDO and PNP, the top leading cases with the highest incidence are
physical abuse, children in conflict with the law and sexual abuse. Cases filed in the Court are
relatively very low. Of the total cases filed with the PNP Police Stations in 2016-17, only 37 cases
or 36.6 percent were filed in the Court, many of which are still under litigation.

• Social service officers and other stakeholders believed that cases of child abuse in the province
maybe under reported. This is so because there are victims and witnesses who do not come out for
 fear of being harassed, afraid to be involved or simply because some of them prefer to confine the
incident within the family. Allegedly, there are also widespread practices of child labor in many
poor barangays. While local authorities and the community seem to be aware of this, most cases
of child labor are not formally reported and acted upon

2. Environmental Factors (risk and protective) impacting child protection and well-being
including access to housing, sanitation facilities, clean water and waste management.

• Results of interactions with local service providers and community stakeholders point to the
following risk factors: poverty or simply lack of livelihoods and low income; characteristics of
family such as poor parenting practices, drinking and vices; early marriage or teenage pregnancy;
exposure to internet and unsafe social media networks; low disclosure that perpetuates commission
of the crime; and attachment to prevailing norm on physical punishment.

• Access to housing is one traditional area of concern that has been generally neglected. Government
interventions are limited services for members of Pag-Ibig, and in-house financing for government
employees. The Core Shelter Programs of DSWD is likewise limited to a few barangays in Bobon
and Mondragon. There is an NHA plan to develop a resettlement area for high risk families in
Pambujay, but until now, it is still on the initiation stage.

• Unsafe drinking water is one of the major risks to children’s health as they allow the spread of
waterborne diseases and related illnesses. Most households in the five municipalities rely on
improved sources of drinking water, such as water piped into dwelling, public tap, tube wells,
protected spring, protected well and bottled water from refilling stations. Bobon is the most
improved municipality in terms of providing safe water access for its households with less than 20
percent of households without access in 2017. The four other municipalities have also made some
progress in 2017 compared to previous year, but the proportion of households with clean water
access still ranges from 50- 74 percent across the four municipalities.

• Access to sanitation facilities is low at 61 percent on average and worst in some areas like
Mondragon with only 37 percent of households with access to sanitary toilets. This is in contrast
with the municipality of Bobon, where only 21 households remain without toilet in 2017. Bobon
has a successful “Zero-Open Defecation Program” with assistance from UNICEF.

• Efforts to comply with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act are being exerted by local
government units in all municipalities; however, the use of unregulated dumpsites is still the
dominant practice. All municipalities claimed to have material recovery facilities but are lacking
access to sanitary landfill or alternative technology. The latest assessment report from DILG
indicates that among the five municipalities, only Catarman and Mondragon have met the standard
on Solid Waste Management Implementation.

2
3. Existence and state of facilities, equipment, manpower— and accessibility of services for
children, from private organizations and/or NGOs, public welfare institutions, police and
judicial courts.

• Private organizations: There are some international organizations and NGOs that complement
local programs and services on child protection, but their services are confined in a few
municipalities. UNICEF works with the LGUs of Bobon and Mapanas to improve sanitation and
nutrition services. Plan International operates in Catarman, San Roque, Lope de Vega, Las Navas
and Catubig focusing on children and youth services. Other local NGOs and organizations that
supplement infrastructure and micro-finance services are: PBSP, BDO Foundation, Caritas/CBCP,
CERD Foundation, CARD and ASA Microfinance.

• Temporary Shelters for Children: There are two publicly managed shelters and one private
residential facility that provide services to children: (1) Home for Children and Adolescence
(Lingap Center) is administered by PSWDO. It is the only temporary shelter for neglected, abused
and exploited children for the whole of Northern Samar, which can accommodate up to 40
children; (2) Alliance of Networks for Assistance to Strandees (ANGKAS) Center is managed by
the MSWDO of Allen. The ANGKAS provides shelter and assistance to stranded victims of
trafficking; (3) BalayniBugto Emmanuel is a residential facility for boys located in Catarman,
which is subsidized by the Sons of the Congregation of the Immaculate Concepcion. The facility
provides living space and support for education for boys, mostly subjected to child labor. The
MSWDO of Catarman has also opened a Child Protection Unit (CPU) and the Palanga Shelter.
The Palanga has a room facility for neglected and street children but the space is limited and still
lacking in materials and supplies for child care.

• PNP Stations: All five municipalities have PNP Station with Women and Child Protection Unit
(WCPU) that attends to women and child abuse complaints. Catarman PNP has 3 Policewomen
assigned in its WCPU, Bobon and San Jose has 2 Policewomen each; and Pambujan and
Mondragon PNP Stations have 1 Policewoman each.

• Judicial Courts: In the absence of family court in the province, the Regional Trial Courts are
designated to have jurisdiction on cases involving children and minors. Child abuse cases in the
municipalities of Catarman, Bobon, San Jose and Mondragon are filed in the Regional Trial Court
(RTC) of Catarman, while in Pambujan, child abuse cases are filed in the RTC of Lao-ang
municipality.

4. State of the employable population, employment of employable population, skills of employable

population, and potential business and livelihood opportunities in the area

• The combined working group or employable population (15 to 64 years old) in the five
municipalities is about 118,998, of which 51.3 percent are male and 48.7 percent are female.

3
 Catarman has the highest number of people in the working group with 56,145 or 47.2 percent of
the total, followed by Mondragon and Pambujan.

• In 2015, a total of 73,158 workers 15 years old and above are employed in several occupations
with 43 percent in Catarman municipality. The majority are in low wage sector like agriculture
and fishery, which accounts for 33.70 percent, followed by those engage in elementary occupations
at 26.19 percent. Of those in gainful employment, the men outnumbered women at 67 percent and
33 percent respectively. Male labor force participation is 77.9 percent compared to the female
labor force participation rate of 39.4 percent. This poor labor market outcome could be driven by
cultural norms, early marriages and low skills among women.

• There is enormous opportunity for continuing education, skills development and livelihood
promotion especially for women. Being an agriculture and fishery area, there is potential to
develop skills in agriculture, abaca fiber processing, fish processing, aquaculture and fishing
technology. The food business and furniture making also have potentials for jobs generation.
Community-based tourism is another sector that can also be developed for local employment.

5. Local Peace and Order Situation and LGU Initiatives

• According to the Northern Samar PNP, the massive campaign to address criminality and eradicate
the drug menace has caused a ripple effect for other crimes resulting to a 57.7 percent decrease in
total crime volume of the province in 2016. Maintaining peace and order is a priority among Local
Government Units. The LGUs in coordination with DILG have been active to ensure that there is
Anti-Criminality Action Plan and logistical support to the local Police Station. The Local Peace
and Order Councils are also convened and support is given for the organization of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action teams or its equivalent.

6. Existence, state and accessibility of children and youth recreational facilities and programs

• Facilities for children such as playground and recreation centers in the five municipalities are
limited. The only place where children and youth can play and indulge in some sports activities
are the barangay basketball courts (some are covered courts), which can be found in almost all
barangays. Likewise, there are no public libraries or youth centers in the area except those in
schools.

7. Existence and Functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children and the
implementation plans, policies and programs for children.

• Recent DILG assessment of the MCPC indicates “Ideal” rating for Catarman and San Jose, while
the other 3 municipalities are still in the “Maturing” stage. Despite this, there are many in the
LGUs who believe that the high ratings may not truly reflect the true state and functionality of the

4
 LCPCs as they have only minimal accomplishments. Local officials recognize the need to
revitalize and strengthen the local councils, so they can better function and address the needs and
well-being of children.

• The Barangay Councils for the Protection of Children (BCPC) in 139 barangays are hardly
functional. Only 10 out of the 139 BCPCs were rated Ideal and functioning while almost 60 percent
are considered to be in the Basic and Progressive stages (i.e. having 1%-50% rating), which suggest
that majority of BCPCs were just organized but with very minimal or no activity. This is evidenced
by the lack of unified Plan of Actions for Children in the barangays. In most barangays, the agenda
on children are included in the regular Barangay Council meeting, which means that their actions
on children concerns are just reactionary. Nevertheless, many barangays also allocate 1% of their
IRA for children and use them to augment feeding program, referrals and other expenses of the
DCCs as confirmed during visits to 10 Barangays.

8. Community Awareness and Participation

• Results of survey of more than 100 parents and residents from 10 barangays reflect the limited
knowledge of the respondents on child protection services and participation in community actions
and advocacy. Only a small percentage of the respondents claimed to have attended community
actions, which are mostly attendance in barangay assembly meetings, parent’s effectiveness
services (4Ps), and sessions on children’s rights conducted in schools. The interviews also reveal
that corporal punishment still exists, but many also believe that this is not the general practice in
the community. The respondents show familiarity with the available healthcare and early
childhood education services at the Barangay and expressed strong concern on child safeguarding
and willingness to report cases of child maltreatment.

9. Health and nutrition status of children and families and the existence and functionality of Health
Facilities and Services in the area.

• Access to basic health services and maternal health care is significant with the existence of
functional hospitals, rural health centers and health stations. There are 13 public and private
medical facilities in the province located in Catarman but are also accessible to the residents of the
4 municipalities. Basic health care service delivery in the barangays is carried out by the Municipal
Rural Health Units (RHU) through the various health centers and health station facilities. The
RHUs have birthing facilities, which are Philhealth accredited, 21 are BEMONC certified and
open 24/7 and if not, they are on-call to serve the public. There are 6 medical doctors, 21 Nurses,
5 Midwives; 10 Sanitary Inspectors and 1,106 active BHWs (695 accredited), of which 700 are in
Catarman.

• Maternal health care indicators such as home deliveries, immunization coverage and maternal and
infant mortality have improved in the last two years. Home- based delivery has decreased

5
 significantly by 70 percent in Mondragon and in Pambujan by 9 percent for the period 2016-17.
Immunization data shows increased coverage both for babies 0-11 months and 12-23 months while
infant and maternal mortalities have also been minimized. On the other hand, the number of
teenage pregnancy in the five municipalities increased by 173 percent from 197 to 341. The
municipalities of Pambujan, Mondragon and San have the most number of teenage pregnancies
reported in 2017.

• Malnutrition remains a public health concern. The data on malnutrition among children has been
fluctuating up and down periodically, partly because the feeding programs have been affected by
the delays in the release of funds from DSWD, while the contributions from the Barangay and
parents are sometimes not enough. Incidence of severe stunting is highest in Pambujan with 8.49
percent and Mondragon 7.7 percent, while the prevalence of severely wasted children is highest in
San Jose with 4.6 percent. Bobon and Catarman have made significant progress in reducing
malnourishment and have generally fewer cases of severely malnourished children compared with
other municipalities.

10. Education Status of children, existing educational infrastructure, facilities and services and
education indicators.

• There are 139 Day Care Centers (DCCs) scattered in the different Barangays of the five
municipalities. Generally, the DCCs are all operational, but there are also certain issues that
disrupt and affect the quality of classes in some interior barangays. Many DCCs have inadequate
supplies, play toys and teaching materials; limited play area for kids and problems with classroom
facilities. In one interior Barangay of Mondragon, the day care classes are held at the Barangay
Hall because there is no available building for them. There are also DCCs in San Jose and
Pambujan with deteriorating building and limited classroom. Another concern is the long-delayed
funds for the feeding program, which have not been released by DSWD for more than a year
already.

• There are 117 elementary schools with sufficient classrooms and teachers to serve kinder and
elementary school children. All municipalities have also well-established secondary schools but
classroom capacities are still insufficient to meet the growing number of enrollees. There are 14
available Senior High Schools in the five municipalities that offer technical and vocational courses
like agriculture, computer servicing, horticulture, welding, cooking, beauty care among others.

• The gross enrolment of elementary pupils for SY 2015-2016 in the area is 40,134 with highest in
Catarman and Mondragon at 17,163 and 8,145 respectively. Completion rate among municipalities
are within the range of 84-88 percent but still lower than the previous school year. In the secondary
schools, gross enrollment for SY2015-16 reached 15,030, less than half of the elementary
enrollment. The average completion rates in the secondary schools slipped from previous year’s

6
 good performance but still within the range of 73 percent in San Jose to as high as 93 percent in
Pambujan and 92 percent in Catarman and Mondragon.

Recommendations

The following are some proposed strategies and protective interventions to improve child protection
services and create safe and nurturing environment for children. We suggest a 3-5-year program to cover
the 5 municipalities.

• Improve and strengthen existing networks, formal systems and local structures such as LCPCs and
VAWC to address the existing gaps and constraints in the handling and management of CANE
cases and the implementation of programs and services for children.

• Program interventions should include activities to improve financial capacity of families-- by

helping them get stable job, employment or livelihoods. Addressing this issue will help minimize
risk factors linked to child maltreatment such as inadequate shelter, lack of food, stressful
situations and the use of child labor to augment family income. This can be done by establishing
critical partnerships with NGOs, organizations, businesses and government offices that provide
livelihoods, credit, skills training and job placement.

• Conduct of educational and public awareness campaigns to create public awareness on child
maltreatment and protection services; change local norms and practices particularly on how
parents should discipline the child; and create sense of responsibility that will lead individuals and
communities to take actions to prevent child abuse, neglect and exploitation.

• Enhance pre-school education and delivery of basic services by supporting improvements of Day
Care Center facilities, training and job protection for local workers and volunteers and investment
in water, sanitation and nutrition projects in critically deprived barangays.

• Improve parenting skills using holistic training modules that will enable parents to acquire positive
skills to build strong and safe families from violence and its consequences.

• Finally, it is critical to establish a monitoring and evaluation system, with a periodic data gathering
mechanism to monitor target outcomes on a regular basis.

7
 OVERVIEW
Consuelo Foundation (CF) is taking a systems approach to child protection, helping to strengthen the
protective environment around children, as well as the children themselves that aims for a more
sustainable, comprehensive and long-term solution to child protection issues. A systems approach brings
greater focus on prevention and strengthens the critical roles of the key actors responsible for child
protection, which include the Local Government Units, Social Welfare and Development offices, Local
Health Units, PNP, Local Council for the Protection of Children, families and other community duty
bearers.

With this approach a needs assessment per targeted area of focus is imperative as an important step to
ensure that CF program interventions are focused and supportive of the significant concerns and mission
of the Foundation.

Last November-December 2017, a level-1 baseline assessment was conducted which cover the entire
province of Northern Samar. The said baseline study is macro in character and a preliminary to the
identification of a more localized area (municipality or city) where CF can make greater impact. The study
points to the municipalities of Catarman, Bubon, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose as priorities in view
of the high number of cases of CANE and other risk factors and concerns seen in these areas.

This study is a second part of the continuing assessment of the local situation with focus on the five
prioritized municipalities. The Researchers visited the areas and conducted a more in-depth assessment
of the status and existence of local mechanisms, formal structures and systems on child protection as well
as the delivery of basic health services and education programs for children in the area. The study also
examines the processes and systems at the Barangay including the levels of knowledge, awareness and
participation of the community in child protection efforts.

On the basis of the research findings, the report provides a set of broad recommendations based on
available evidences and protective strategies that hopefully will guide partners in coming up with specific
plan of actions to address the issues, needs and concerns to institutionalize effective child protection
network in the area.

8
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The primary objective of this study is to assess the existence and quality of institutional mechanisms and
network on child protection and the available programs and services for children in the five (5) prioritized
municipalities of Northern Samar, namely: Bobon, Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose.

The baseline study will focus on the following:

1. To determine the existence and quality of the following, among others: venues to report Child
Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation (CANE) and formal systems in the receipt, recording and
processing of reports of CANE and updated and categorized statistics on reported cases of CANE

2. To obtain an environmental scan of factors (risk and protective) impacting child well-being in
terms of the following:
a. Sanitation
b. Potable Water
c. Inadequate Shelter
d. Waste Management

3. To determine the existence and state—infrastructure, facilities, equipment, manpower—of and

accessibility to the following in terms of service for children:
a. Private organizations working with children
b. Public welfare institutions
c. Police
d. Judicial Courts

4. To determine the state of the employable population, employment of employable population, skills
of employable population, and the viable business/livelihood opportunities in the area

5. To determine the local peace and order situation of the area

6. To determine the existence, state and accessibility of children and youth facilities and programs
including the following, among others:
a. Children’s playground, youth center, etc.
b. Separate detention cell for children and for women, etc.

7. To determine the existence and implementation of the following:

a. Functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children
b. Local Development Plan for Children
c. Inclusion of children’s agenda in Local Investment Plan (percentage in the annual local
budget)
9
 d. Local Code for Children
e. Local State of Children Report

8. To determine the health and nutrition status families and children (e.g. mother and health indicators
such as child mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, top infant illnesses etc.); and the existence
and functionality of health and nutrition infrastructures (health facilities) and services in the area.

9. To determine the education status of members in the community and especially the children using
education indicators (e.g. out-of-school population by age group, etc.), and the existence,
functionality and accessibility of educational infrastructure and services such as Day Care Centers,
Public Elementary and High School, etc.

10. Scan the awareness of community members/ parents on child protection and the extent of their
participation in community actions and advocacy for the protection and promotion of child-
wellbeing.

10
 METHODOLOGY
The research study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The researchers make use of
secondary data from government agencies, local government offices, municipal PNPs, barangays, and
other institutions. This was supplemented by information and data collection from interviews of the local
officials and social service personnel, barangay officials and families from 10 selected barangays.
The process is further discussed below:

1. Data Collection and Validation

Data and statistics from the Level 1 survey were updated to include 2016 and 2017 data. This includes the
statistics of reported CANE cases from the Municipal PNP Stations and the Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Offices.

Additional secondary data on healthcare services and facilities, personnel, maternal and healthcare
statistics were also gathered from the Municipal Health Offices and Rural Health Units. Other information
and statistics required in the 10-point objectives were also collected or updated from various offices such
as PSA, Provincial and Municipal DILG offices, Department of Education, Municipal Development and
Planning Offices and the Barangays. In addition, other relevant information and literature reviews were
researched as well from the internet to provide some references. All this material information were helpful
in profiling the target area and analyzing the prevalence, status and risks factors associated to child
development and protection.

Secondary Data Sources

• Municipal Police Stations – Women and Children Protection Unit

• Provincial and Municipal Social Welfare and Development Offices
• Provincial and Municipal Health Offices / Rural Health Units
• Department of Health- Northern Samar
• Department of Interior and Local Government (Provincial and Municipal)
• DSWD Northern Samar
• Department of Education and Culture- Northern Samar
• Judicial Academy
• Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA)
• Barangay records
• Local and International NGOs
• Various internet sources for other data and references

2. Inputs from Key Informants

11
Meetings and conversation with key personnel and staff of Local Government Offices (Mayor’s Offices,
MSWDOs, MPDOs, MHOs, MLGOOs, and the Municipal PNP Stations) were conducted to gather and
validate information. These interviews and open conversations helped the Researchers in understanding
the local situation; validate data and identifying constraints and barriers to child protection and provision
of basic services for children.
3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Community Awareness Surveys
Focus Group Discussions were conducted in 10 select barangays in the municipalities of Bobon,
Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose. Participants in the FGDs include: Barangay Chairman,
Barangay Council Members (Kagawads), Barangay Secretary, Anti-VAWC Officer, Barangay Health
Worker (BHW), Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS), and the Day Care Center Worker. The FGDs were
helpful in understanding the situation at the local level; verifying reporting procedures on CANE cases
and knowing the existing roles of the barangay officials, Anti-VAWC, and the Barangay Council for the
Protection of Children. The session also highlighted updates on the delivery of healthcare and educational
services at the barangay.

The 10 barangays were selected from the five municipalities in consultation with the Municipal Social
Work and Development Offices. Two barangays were chosen in each municipality. Of the ten, two
barangays are considered urban, three are interior barangays, two are rural-coastal barangays, and the
other three are rural barangays along main highways.

Municipality Barangay Classification

Pambujan Caparanga Rural -coastal
Barangay 8 Urban
Catarman Baybay Urban
Cervantes Rural
Mondragon San Antonio Rural-(Interior)
Roxas Rural-coastal
San Jose Aguadahan Rural
Tubigdanao Rural (Interior)
Bobon Acerida Rural (Interior)
Dangcalan Rural

For the survey interviews, 104 residents from the 10 barangays were interviewed using a set of questions
pertaining to their knowledge and awareness on child protection services, available programs and services
and extent of community participation in child protection advocacy.

4. Visit to Children Shelter Facilities

Available child welfare facilities in Catarman were visited. This includes the newly established Child
Protection Unit (CPU) of Catarman MSWDO and the Palanga Shelter, which is actually a room that
provides temporary shelter to neglected and street children. The other facility which was visited earlier,
is the Home for Children and Adolescence being managed by the PSWDO. It is the only facility in

12
Northern Samar that provides shelter and other interventions to child abuse victims that need protective
custody.

4. Data consolidation, Analysis and Report Writing

All primary and secondary data and information were tabulated, summarized and analyzed for inclusion
in the report. The results of the FGD and survey interviews of local stakeholders were also analyzed and
correlated with other secondary data to provide basis for the analysis, discussions and drawing up of
conclusions and recommendations contained in the report.

5. Scope and Limitations

The baseline study is primary focused on the assessment of existing institutional mechanisms and network
on child protection as well as the available programs and services for children in the five municipalities.

One limitation of the baseline study is the limited barangay coverage, considering the huge number of
barangays in all of the five municipalities. Nevertheless, the 10 barangays also represent different
categories such as those located in urban area, coastal area, mountainous and interior barangays and others
located near the provincial highway. The findings also reveal minor variations in the responses of local
officials and community members from the different barangays during FGDs and survey interviews.

Another limitation pertains to inaccessibility of some past data, which cannot be made available because
there was no proper turn-over from resigned staff, as in the case of Mondragon and San Jose. There are
also data files that are not yet updated, which make it difficult to analyze and compare with other
municipalities with data up to 2017.

13
 AREA PROFILE
1. Province of Northern Samar

Northern Samar is one of the three provinces comprising Samar Island in the Eastern Visayas region. It is
located in the northern part of the island bounded on the north by the San Bernardino Strait, on the east
by the Pacific Ocean, on the west by the Samar Sea, and on the south by Samar province. It lies in the
mid-easternmost border of the Philippine archipelago linking Luzon and the Visayas via the Maharlika
Highway and roll-on roll-off ports. It is about 743 kilometers from Manila and can be reached by 1 hour
and 20 minutes plane ride to Catarman or 14 hours by land travel via Bicol Region and traversing San
Bernardino Strait by a ferry boat in the port of Allen from Matnog, Sorsogon.

The province has a total land area of 3,692.9 square kilometers. It ranks thirty-seventh (37th) in size
among the 80 provinces of the Philippines and accounts for practically 1.2 percent of the total land area
of the country. The province is composed largely of low and extremely rugged hills and small lowland
areas.

There are 24 municipalities in Northern Samar, of which, five are island municipalities, four are in the
hinterlands and fifteen are coastal municipalities. It has a total of 569 registered barangays. Catarman has
the most number of barangays with 55.

The province is classified as second-class income province (NSO), with two legislative districts, the first
district, composed of 14 municipalities and the second district with 10 municipalities. The capital town of
Northern Samar is Catarman, which serves as the center for finance, education, commerce, industry and
transport1.

The province is considered a rural area with 65% of its people residing in the countryside. The total
population of Northern Samar is 632,379, based on the PSA 2015 Census of Population with a population
density of 170 per square kilometer. The population has grown 1.36% since 2010, but during the last
three years population growth rate is 1.02%. The municipalities of Catarman and Laoang have the highest
population at 14.87% and 9.7% of total population respectively, while the lowest are in San Vicente at
1.24% and San Antonio at 1.43% of the 2015 population. The total number of households was recorded
in 2015 at 126,619.

Northern Samar is still among the poorest provinces in the Philippines. Poverty incidence among families
was recorded at 47.9% which means that 5 for every 10 families in the province are poor (PSA, 2016).
Recipients of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programs constitute about 35% of the total households.

1
Provincial Profile of Northern Samar
14
 Figure 1- Map of Northern Samar

2. Description of the Five (5) Prioritized Municipalities2

The municipalities of Bobon, Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose were prioritized as pilot
areas for the Child Abuse Protection and Intervention Network (CAPIN) Program of Consuelo
Foundation. One of the considerations in prioritizing these areas is the number of reported cases of child
abuse and exploitation. In the Level 1 baseline assessment completed in 2017, the 5 municipalities were
identified with the most number of reported cases of child abuse and exploitation during period 2013-15.
About 52% of the total cases filed with the PNP during that period were located in the five towns. Another
is the large number of children population in the area, which accounts for 33.4% of the younger population
in the whole province. The proximity of the 5 municipalities to each other is also seen as an advantage in
terms of coordination and facilitating activities with Local Government Units and other stakeholders.
Table 1- Basic Information on the Five Municipalities
Municipality Income Legislative Land Area Population Total Number
Class District (Has) (2015Census) of Barangay
Bobon 4th first 13,000 23,668 18
Catarman 1st first 28,540 94,037 55
Mondragon 3rd first 28,900 38,726 24
Pambujan 4th second 15,500 33,062 26
San Jose 5th first 2,820 17,561 16
Total 88,760 207,054 139

Figure 2- Growth in Population in the Five Municipalities

2
Municipal Profiles of Catarman, Bobon, Pambujan, Mondragon and San Jose
15
Figure 3- Demographics

Figure 4- Number of Households, MAWRA and CCT Beneficiaries

16
2.1 Municipality of Bobon

Bobon is a 4th class municipality in the province of Northern Samar. According to the 2015 census, it has
a population of 23,668 people. The town borders with Catarman in the east and San Jose in the west. It is
bounded on the South by San Isidro on the North by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Catarman and Lope
de Vega and on the west by the municipality of San Jose. It has a total land area of 16, 583 hectares.

The town was called Bobon because during the Spanish times, the center of the early fishermen settlement
was a big natural well containing sweet potable drinking water. They called the well “Bobon”, which is
also a Bicolano term. As the fishermen settlers increase in numbers, they also become farmers that tilled
the wide track of land surrounding the area divided by the river Sag-od River, which became what it is
now Bobon municipality.

When the place becomes a town, its territory includes the present towns of San Jose, Rosario and the
island of Biri. Today what remained of the municipality after the 3 areas become towns, are the eighteen
barangays.

The terrain of the land is generally rolling with many hills and high mountain ranges. The Bobon river
branches with many streams and brooks reaching the farthest barangays, which also serves as a travel
route during rainy seasons.

The fertile soil is suited for production of coconuts, abaca rice, corn, bananas, root crops and variety of
vegetables, which are the common source of income, aside from fishing. The riverbank served as sources
of nipa shingle and the mangrove provides habitat for crustaceans and fishes. Forest products in the area
include lumber, which is now banned, but sufficient rattan and anahaw for roofing are still abundant.

Aside from these, other economic aspects include quarrying of corral fingers, corral rocks, gravel and sand
for construction. Fishing was extended to production of fishnets and fishponds.

The town has many educational institutions for children and youth, especially primary, secondary, and
vocational and college. The town has good communication facilities and very accessible via the highway
that links Catarman and Allen.

Bobon is politically subdivided into 18 barangays, Table 2. Four (4) are classified as urban and 12 are
rural mostly along the highway and the interior part of the municipality,

17
Table 2- Barangays of Bobon and their Population
Barangay Type Population Barangay Type Population
1. Acerida rural 1,450 10. Calantiao rural 940
2. Arellano rural 821 11.Quezon rural 3,263
3. Balat-balud rural 769 12. Salvacion urban 3,661
4. Dancalan rural 478 13 San Isidro rural 907
5. E. Duran rural 2,245 14.San Juan urban 1,490
6. Gen. Lucban urban 665 15. Santa Clara urban 936
7. Jose Abad Santos rural 1,784 16. Santander rural 927
8. Jose P. Laurel rural 495 17. Somoroy rural 741
9. Magsaysay rural 1,571 18. Trujillo rural 940

2.2 Municipality of Catarman

Catarman is the heart of the province of Northern Samar, serving as its capital. It is bounded on the east
by Mondragon, on the West by Bobon, on the south by Lope de Vega and on the north by the Philippine
Sea. Catarman is considered a first-class municipality and is heading for cityhood with its happy,
contented, friendly and hospitable people.

The municipality has a land area of 464.43 square kilometers which constitutes 12.5 percent of Northern
Samar's total area. Its population as determined by the PSA-2015 Census was 94,037. This represents
14.9 percent of the total population of the province, or 2.1 percent of the overall population of the Eastern
Visayas region. Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 202 inhabitants per square
kilometer.

Catarman has 55 barangays, which comprises a total land area of 46,443 hectares. The urban area has 22
barangays within and near the Poblacion, while the rural area is composed of 33 barangays. The town is
accessible by air, land and sea. The municipality is connected by land to Allen, which is considered the
gateway to Luzon, while it is accessible via its provincial road going to the province of Samar and further
to Tacloban City.

The climate in the municipality is classified as Type 2 – without distinct dry and wet season but with
pronounced rain from November to January. Its topography is characterized by flat lowlands comprising
12% of the total land area and forest and mountainous which is about 88 percent of the land area. The
municipality has adequate marine, forest and mineral resources. It has seas, rivers, creeks, springs and
falls. Marine resources such as fishes, shells, corrals and shrimps are abundantly found in its bodies of
water.

The municipality is still considered an agricultural town. Its main agricultural products include coconut
and copra, rice, root crops corn, abaca and vegetables. Livestock such as cattle, carabao, swine and poultry
are also raised in the area.

18
The municipality of Catarman serves as a trading center of Northern Samar. The volume of trade and
commerce in recent years has increased due to improved transportation facilities to Tacloban City,
Calbayog, Metro Manila and Cebu, the major distributions and supply areas of good and products. The
economic atmosphere is progressing with the availability of twelve financial institutions and other small
business services. Catarman has a secondary airport with one airline operating, with daily flights from
Catarman to Metro Manila and vice versa. Buses, vans and mega taxis area available bound to Manila,
Tacloban, Calbayog and to the different towns and places within the province of Northern Samar.

The municipality is also endowed with beautiful and spectacular natural sceneries such as waterfalls,
beaches, eco-tourism and man-made sites, which contribute to the municipal economic development and
attraction.

The municipality is host to many educational institutions, notably the University of Eastern Philippines
(UEP), the only comprehensive state university in Eastern Visayas, offering the largest number of
undergraduate and graduate degree programs and short-term courses and certificates in the region. There
are also 6 other colleges and universities and one technical vocational schools operated by TESDA.

Table 3- Barangays of Catarman and their Population

Barangay Type Population Barangay Type Population
1. Acacia urban 259 29.Liberty rural 801
2. Aguinaldo rural 504 30. Libjo rural 2,166
3. Airport Village urban 2,224 31. Mabini rural 1,232
4. Bangkerohan rural 2,262 32. Mabolo urban 381
5. Baybay urban 6,055 33. Macagtas rural 3,087
6. Bocsol rural 620 34.Mckinley rural 2,443
7. Cabayhan rural 239 35.Molave urban 1,811
8. Cag-abaca rural 1,998 36. Narra urban 3,190
9. Calachuchi urban 1,797 37. New Rizal rural 1,241
10. Cal-igang rural 1,047 38. Old Rizal rural 1,947
11. Cawayan urban 4,317 39. Paticua rural 1,319
12. Cervantes rural 3,255 49. Polangi rural 3,905
13. Cularima rural 344 41. Quezon rural 762
14. Daganas rural 2,351 42. Salvacion rural 411
15. Dalakit urban 11,962 43. Sampaguita urban 600
16. Doña Pulqueria rural 1,310 44.San Julian rural 313
17. Galutan rural 1,797 45. San Pascual rural 403
18. Gebalagnan rural 323 46. Santol urban 404
19.Gebulwangan rural 699 47. Somoge 1,402
20.General Malvar rural 919 48. Talisay urban 1,522
21. Guba rural 423 49.Tinowaran rural 554
22. Hinatad rural 1,217 50. Trangue rural 609
23. Imelda rural 866 51. UEP I urban 1,653

19
 24. Ipil-ipil urban 2,225 52. UEP II urban 1,412
25. Jose Abad Santos urban 2,221 53. UEP III urban 2,717
26. Jose P. Rizal urban 451 54. Washington rural 1,872
27. Kasoy urban 1,074 55. Yakal urban 2,719
28. Lapu-lapu urban 402

3.3 Municipality of Mondragon

Mondragon is a coastal municipality in the province of Northern Samar. It is a third income class
municipality and part of the first district.

The town is nestled in the Pacific zone of Northern Samar 13 km east of Catarman and could be reached
by land and water transportation. The boundary of Mondragon is defined by 16 kilometers of coastline,
on the east by the municipality of San Roque and Silvino Lobos, north of Calbayog to the South and part
of Calbayog and Catarman in the West.

The municipality has a total land area of 288.90 square kilometers or 28,890 hectares, which constitutes
7.82 percent of Northern Samar's total area. Its terrain is vast plain and rolling to hilly lands. The vast
plain in the eastern and northern portion is devoted to rice cultivation, coconut, abaca and other crops. The
rolling to hilly terrains are associated to commercial forests, which are 5-10 kilometers from the road
network. There are two main rivers-- the Mondragon River and Bugto River that also provide means for
transport. The climate of Mondragon is Type 2, with no distinct dry or wet season, but with pronounced
rain during October to January.

Its population as determined by the PSA Census of 2015 was 38,726. This represents 6.12 percent of the
total population of Northern Samar province. Population density is computed at 134 inhabitants per square
kilometer. About 87 percent of population in Mondragon is Catholic.

The only built in area is the Poblacion comprising of 477 hectares of land. It is the center of the town where
commercial, residential, institutional, open spaces, transport utilities are located. Common means of
transportation, particularly in going to the barangays are motorcycle (habal-habal), tricycle, jeepney, boat
or by hiking.

The people in Mondragon largely depend on agriculture, fishing, small businesses and some government
and private employment for a living. Farmers rely on irrigation served by shallow tube wells, diversion
dam and small reservoir or impounding. Poverty is considered high particularly in many interior barangays.

The common sources of household water are 13 units spring source that serve 12 barangays. Level III
water system with shallow tube wells operated by NAWASA also serve other barangays.

Mondragon has 24 barangays mostly classified as rural and interior. Only two barangays are located in the
urban area.

20
Table 4- Barangays of Mondragon and their Population
Barangay Type Population Barangay Type Population
1. Bagasbas rural 1,336 13. La Trinidad rural 595
2. Bugko rural 4,313 14. Makiwalo rural 5,459
3. Cablangan rural 1,348 15. Mirador rural 1,490
4. Cagmanaba rural 251 16. Nenita rural 3,470
5. Cahicsan rural 832 17. Roxas rural 1,190
6. Chitongco urban 3,671 18. Santa Catalina rural 388
7. De Maria rural 525 19. San Agustin rural 1,093
8. Doña Lucia rural 1,124 20. San Antonio rural 716
9. Eco urban 2,976 21. San Isidro rural 614
10. Flormina rural 512 22. San Jose rural 1,072
11. Hinabangan rural 392 23. San Juan rural 1,404
12. Imelda rural 3,248 24. Talolora rural 707

3.4 Municipality of Pambujan

Pambujan is another coastal municipality in Northern Samar. It is a fourth-class income municipality

located in the second district of the province. The municipality has a land area of 163.90 square
kilometers, which constitutes 4.44% of Northern Samar's total area. Its population based on the PSA 2015
Census was 33,062, which has grown by about 2 percent since 2010. The projected population by 2017
is about 33,860. The population density is around 202 inhabitants per square kilometer. The municipality
has 26 barangays, of which 8 are classified as urban and 18 are considered rural barangays. About 60
percent of the total population resides in the rural barangays.

The name Pambujan was historically derived from the term “pambubuhan”, which means a place in which
crabs are abundant and catching crabs is prevalent. It originates from the Visayan word “bubo”, which
refers to crab pots or device used to catch the said crustaceans. Eventually, the name Pambujan was
adopted by the early settlers and villagers.

Pambujan is located in the northeastern part of Northern Samar. The town proper lies along the provincial
highway, 36 kilometers from Catarman, the capital town. It faces the Pacific Ocean and could be reached
by land and water transportation. The northeast is bounded by the municipality of Lao-ang, southeast
with the municipalites of Catubig and Las Navas and the southern pat Silvino Lobos and the western part
is adjacent to San Roque.

Pambujan has a contiguous territory of 186.5 square kilometres overlying 26 barangays, which extend
towards the hinterland of Samar Island, across a number of rivers, lakes brooks and mountains.
Agricultural area occupies 49.5 percent of its land area. The vast plain land (6,091 hectares) which extend
from the northern portion to its southern portion is noted for its coconuts and rice products. The interior
portion accounts for 38.9 percent are characterized by rolling terrain to steeply undulating presently
identified as commercial forest. There are also marshes and swamp areas along the coastal area.
Freshwater resources are also abundant with 3 major rivers and 1 creek. The Pambujan River is considered

21
the longest and widest river within the municipality. This river extends up to the municipality of Silvino
Lobos and serves as a major transport way of the local people.

Climate is classified under Type 2, with no distinct dry and set season but with pronounce rainfall from
second half of October to January.

Agriculture plays an important role in the economic development of the town. About 75 percent of the
economies come from agriculture. Riceland are most served by small farm pond, small water impounding
project, shallow tube wells, and pump irrigation in 6 barangays. The farming areas have potential to
diversify into other agricultural product like vegetables fruit trees and legumes aside from livestock
production. The interior areas of the municipalities are abundant in forest resources; there is also a
presence of hydrosol soil where mangroves and nipa abound, which can be a source of income for the
local residents. The commercial activities in the municipality revolve around retail stores, wet and dry
market, copra and abaca trading. Retail stores mostly deal with general merchandise for the general public
and are mostly concentrated in the Poblacion areas.

Common source of water in the area are ground water (open well), springs, rainwater, lakes, rivers and
streams. Level 3 water system serves the urban area while Level 1 or 2 types are common in the rural
barangays. Electricity is provided by the NORSAMELCO, a local electric cooperative covering all the
barangays in the municipality. Common means of transport includes cars, jeepneys, tricycles, motorcycles,
motorboats and bancas, which are common in rural barangays. It has a seaport located at Paninirongan.

Table 5- Barangays of Pambujan and their Population

Barangay Type Population Barangay Type Population
1. Cababto-an rural 2,116 14. Poblacion District 1 urban 3,478
2. Cabari-an rural 671 15. Poblacion District 2 urban 1,104
3. Cagbigajo rural 508 16. Poblacion District 3 urban 480
4. Camparanga rural 2,074 17. Poblacion District 4 urban 1,127
5. Canjumadal rural 604 18. Poblacion District 5 urban 937
6. Doña Anecita rural 819 19. Poblacion District 6 urban 1,753
7. Ge-adgawan rural 762 20. Poblacion District 7 urban 1,857
8. Geparayan rural 1,377 21. Poblacion District 8 urban 3,585
9. Ginulgan rural 2,145 22. San Ramon rural 563
10. Igot rural 766 23. Senonogan rural 629
11. Inanahawan rural 613 24. Sixto T. Balanguit, Sr. rural 341
12. Manahao rural 421 25. Tula rural 1,729
13. Paninirongan rural 1,571 26. Ynaguingayan rural 1,032

5.5 Municipality of San Jose

San Jose is another coastal municipality in the first district of Northern Samar. San Jose grew from a place,
which was then covered with bushes, shrubs, marshes, where wild chickens locally known as Ilajas
abounded. It was then called Carangan, which became a barrio within the municipality of Bobon, known
as Carangian. In 1949, the barrio of Carangian was created into the Municipality of San JoseIt has

22
originally 11 barrios which increased into 16 barangays in 1972. Under successive administrations, San
Jose slowly developed into what it is today. Though relatively young, the entire municipality is 100%
served by electricity. It boasts of the best seaport in the Island of Samar, its port being protected from
turbulent currents by the island fronting it and its depth capable of accommodating large ocean vessels.

San Jose is located on the north central portion of the province, about nineteen kilometers from the capital
town of Catarman and about 30 kilometers east of Allen, the seat of the ferry terminal connecting to the
island of Luzon. Politically, the municipality is bounded on the north by the Philippine Sea, east by the
municipality of Bobon, south by the mun of Victoria and west by the municipality of Rosario. The
municipality has a land area of 2,985 hectares, which constitutes 0.81% of Northern Samar's total area.

Being a coastal town, it has several islets within its municipal waters. There are seven islets located at the
northern coast, which abound with natural resources waiting to be developed. The islets are abundant with
fishes, crustaceans and other marine products and have potential for eco-tourism. The large portion of the
municipality including the Poblacion area is located in alluvial flat and swamplands, with elevation less
than 10 meters above sea level and abruptly rises to moderately rugged hills going south eastern part.
Climate is type II with no pronounce wet and dry season, but rainfall is abundant from October to January.
Vegetation in the north east towards Caranginan channel consist of mangrove, coconuts, shrubs, coconuts,
while the flat lands are cultivated with rice, corn and coconuts. There are also wide coastal swamps.

Despite its abundant resources, a number of problems still persist in the municipality. Poverty tops the list
with majority of its households living below the poverty line. A large number of families live as squatters
on lots owned by a few landed families. Agriculture is largely underdeveloped. Years of blast fishing and
other illegal practices have rendered the coasted areas denuded and unproductive contributing poverty to
the fisherfolks. The municipal watershed areas have been exploited through indiscriminate logging.

The population of San Jose as determined by the PSA 2015 Census was 17,561 indicating a positive
growth rate of 1.69% from the population of 16,079 in 2010. Population density is 588 inhabitants per
square kilometer. About 48.25% of the population is residing in the urban barangays and 51.72% are in
the rural barangays.

San Joe is classified as a 5th income class municipality in the first district of Northern Samar. There are
16 barangays in the municipality seven of which are urban and nine are rural.

Table 6- Barangay of San Jose and their Population

Barangay Type Population Barangay Type Population
Aguadahan rural 1,661 Da-o rural 1,395
Bagong Sabang rural 663 Gengarog rural 925
Balite rural 1,920 Geratag rural 2,143
Barangay East urban 818 Layuhan rural 740
Barangay North urban 1,428 Mandugang rural 503
Barangay South urban 418 P. Tingzon rural 2,116
Barangay West urban 1,039 San Lorenzo rural 729
Bonglas rural 502 Tubigdanao rural 561

23
 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. EXISTENCE AND QUALITY OF VENUES TO REPORT CHILD ABUSE, NEGLECT AND
EXPLOITATION; FORMAL SYSTEMS AND STATISTICS

1.1 Reported Cases of Child Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation

Over the last 5 years (2013-17), a total of 400 cases of child abuse, neglect and exploitation were recorded
at MSWDO and 348 at the PNP Stations in the five municipalities. The total number of cases reported
from 2013-15 constitute about 52% of all cases reported to PNP during that period. In both reports from
MSWDO and PNP, the top leading cases with the highest incidence are physical abuse, children in conflict
with the law and sexual abuse.

Cases filed in Court are relatively very low. Of the total cases filed with the PNP Police Stations in 2016-
17, only 37 cases or 36.6% were filed in the Court, fifteen (15) in 2016 and twenty-two (22) cases in 2017,
many of which are still under litigation. The detailed statistics are shown in Tables 7-10.

Figure 5- Number of CANE Cases filed PNP & MSWDO (2013-17)

Figure 5 indicates significant

increase in the number of cases
in 2014, followed by a
downward movement in 2015
to 2016 before picking up
again in 2017.

Government social service

officers and other stakeholders
believe that cases of child
abuse in the province maybe
under-reported. There could be
many cases that remain
unreported as some victims, parents or witnesses are not coming out for fear of being harassed, afraid to
be involved or simply because some families prefer to confine the incident within the family, especially
when the perpetuator is a relative or family member. Allegedly, there are also widespread cases of child
labor in many poor barangays of the 5 municipalities. While local authorities and the community seem to
be aware of this, most cases of child labor are not formally reported or acted upon.

24
Table 7- Number and Type of Cases Reported MSWDO by Municipality (2013-15)
Type and Number of Cases Reported to MSWDO (2013-2015)
Municipality Neglect Physical Children Child Acts of Attempted Child Statutory Incest CICL* Total
abuse at risk trafficking Lascivious rape rape rape**
ness
Bobon 1 29 0 0 3 5 17 0 0 0 55
Catarman 0 0 0 0 9 1 11 2 0 28 51
Mondragon 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 49
Pambujan 4 17 6 4 6 1 3 0 0 7 48
San Jose 0 22 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 6 35
TOTAL 5 69 6 5 19 9 34 2 0 89 238
Source: Municipal Social Welfare and Development Offices
Total cases in the 5 municipalities constitute 43.4% of total 550 cases recorded in N. Samar
*CICL- Children in Conflict with the Law: violations include theft, physical abuse/ injuries, and other minor crimes.
** Statutory rape- forcible or non-forcible sexual activity in which the victim is below 12 years old

Table 8- Number and Type of Cases Reported to MSWDO (2016-2017)

Type and Number of Cases Reported to MSWDO (2016-2017)
Municipality Children in Physical Acts of Attempted Child Child Neglect Anti- Custodial Total
conflict abuse Lascivious rape rape abuse bullying problem
with law ness
Bobon 0 7 3 1 3 0 0 1 0 15
Catarman 4 21 8 2 4 0 27** 0 30 96
Mondragon 0 1 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 20
Pambujan 7 0 0 4 0 8 1315* 0 0 19
San Jose 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 12
TOTAL 11 35 19 24 7 8 27 1 30 162
* The 1315 potential neglected children in Pambujan are not included in the total.
* * Of the 27 cases, 20 were recorded child at risk in 2017
Children in conflict with the Law- include theft, physical injuries, and other minor offenses.

Table 9- Number and Types of Cases filed with PNP Stations by Municipality (2013-15)
Type and Number of Cases Reported to PNP (2013-2015)
Municipality Children Physical Acts of Attempted Child Statutory Incest Child Kidnap Violation Total
in abuse Lasciviou rape rape rape trafficking ping of RA
conflict sness 9995*
with law
Bobon 1 29 3 5 17 0 0 1 1 0 57
Catarman 28 17 9 0 11 2 0 0 0 0 67
Mondragon 48 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49
Pambujan 6 17 6 1 3 0 0 4 0 0 37
San Jose 7 24 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 37
TOTAL 90 88 20 6 34 2 0 6 1 0 247
Source: NSPNP Municipal Stations- 2016
*RA 9995 – An Act defining and penalizing the crime of Photo and Video Voyeurism

25
Table 10- Number and Types of Cases reported at PNP Stations by Municipality (2016-2017)
Type and Number of Cases filed at PNP (2016-2017)
Municipality Children Physical Acts of Attempt Child Murder Incest Anti- Consented Kidnapping Total
in abuse Lasciviou ed rape rape bullying abduction & failure to
conflict sness return
with law
Bobon 0 4 1 1 5* 0 0 1 1* 0 12
Catarman 1 18 5 2 17 0 0 0 1 1 45
Mondragon 0 1 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
Pambujan 0 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
San Jose 0 7 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 14
TOTAL 1 38 15 20 17 1 0 0 2 1 101
* 1 same girl victim of consented abduction and victim of rape

1.2 Existing Formal Systems in the Receipt, Recording and Processing of report of
CANE Cases
Venues for the receipt and processing of CANE cases exist, with the presence of the Barangay Anti-
Violence against Women and their Children (VAWC), the Women and Children Protection Desk at the
PNP Stations and the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Offices. This brings together the
Barangay officials, VAWC Officer, Social Workers, PNP Law Enforcement Officers, and the Municipal
Health Officer as the core actors in the receipt and management of CANE cases. Among these actors, the
Social Worker of MSWDO and PNP Police Officer normally sit together when there is a reported case.
The Municipal Health Officer is also invited and asked to conduct medico-legal examination if needed.

There also available Judicial bodies with a number of Prosecutors and Judges at the Regional Trial Courts
(RTC). The RTC is designated to handle cases of child abuse and other crimes involving children in the
absence of a Family Court in the province of Northern Samar.

Although this formal system seems to be in place, local social service officers and other stakeholders
recognized the existence of many procedural issues and gaps that should be addressed to fully comply
with the standards of the Protocols for Case Management issued by the Committee for the Special
Protection of Children (CSPC).

Below are the list of major actors, offices and agencies and their current roles and responsibilities in the
reporting and management of CANE cases.

Table 11- Major Actors and their Roles in Reporting and Handling CANE Cases
Agency/Offices/Party Roles/ Actions Comments
Parents, neighbors, • Report incident/file complaint of child abuse to the
relatives, and other Barangay Chairman, Anti-VAWC Officer or other
individuals Barangay officials; or

26
 • Report directly to the Municipal PNP/ Municipal Social
Welfare and Development Office.
Barangay Chairman • The Barangay Chairman, Anti-VAWC Officer or Settlement happen
Barangay Secretary Barangay Secretary receives the report/ complaints. especially for minor
Barangay Anti-VAWC • The Barangay Chair and Anti-VAWC Officer conduct cases/ offenses;
Officer initial interview or call the suspect to report to the Privacy and
Barangay Kagawads Barangay to gather the facts. confidentiality are
• The Barangay Secretary records the complaints and not strictly enforced.
prepares the Blotter if needed.
• If necessary, Barangay Chair, Anti-VAWC and Members
of the Barangay Council visit the victim’s house to
further investigate, get evidences and /or pursue the
suspect or perpetuator together with the PNP
• Make referral to the MSWDO or PNP. For grave sexual
abuse, the case is immediately referred to said
office/agency.
Social Worker- • Receives the report/ referral or complaint, The MSWDO of
Municipal Social • Conduct intake interviews together with the Police Mondragon has no
Welfare & Officer assigned in the Women and Children’s separate room for
Development Office Protection Desk of the PNP and if needed, the the intake interviews
(MSWDO) Municipal Health Officer is called to join in. of victims/parents;
• Record / Log the report/ case folder Recording system of
• Conduct home visits; provide advice and other DSWD differs with
psychological interventions if necessary. PNP;
• Determine if the child is to be put under protective The MSWDO of
custody in consultation with the PNP Officer and MHO. Catarman has a Child
• Make the referrals of children needing protective Protection Unit with
custody to the Lingap Shelter in Catarman (PSWDO). a private room
• Support child victim in preparation for trial; Follow-up where interviews
on the case litigation. Attend trials if necessary. and case meetings
are conducted.
Policewomen- Women • Receives the report/ referral or complaint The PNP Officer also
& Child Protection Desk • Conduct intake interviews together with the Social conducts training of
of the PNP Worker. The Municipal Health Officer is also invited to the Anti-VAWC
join in. Officer at the
• Refer the child victim to MHO for medico-legal Barangay.
examination
• Record / Log the case/ Prepare blotter
• Conduct investigation, pursue the suspect and gather
other evidences
• Update the case files and forward the case to the
Prosecutor
• Follow up-/ support on case litigation and /or attend
trials
• Make arrest if necessary.
Municipal Health • Join intake interview or case conference
Officer- (MHO) • Perform medico-legal examination
• Prepare report and forward to the PNP Station

27
 • Attend trials if necessary
PSWDO /Home for • Receives and evaluates referral for custody There is another
Children and • Put the child under protection at the “Lingap Center” shelter facility for
Adolescence or Lingap • Provides health, psychological, psycho-social and other abused children
Center needed interventions. located in Allen
• Provide advice and support to child victim and parent mainly to
for the trial house/shelter child
• Accompany the child and support the child during trials trafficking victims
• Provide other support to MSWDO if needed during case
management / reintegration
Prosecutor’s Office • Conduct Inquest and Preliminary Investigation There are cases
• File info to Court or Dismiss the case when Affidavit of
Desistance is
submitted by
victims/complainants
Judges- Regional Trial • Prioritize the case Case litigation are
Court (RTC- Catarman • Issue arrest warrant sometimes delayed
or RTC-Lao-ang) • Conduct trials for reasons like:
suspect still at large;
delayed submission
of documents;
cannot attend trials

Table 12-Number of Personnel Directly Involved in Handling CANE Cases

Bobon Catarman Mondragon Pambujan San Jose
Barangay Chairman 18 55 24 26 16
Barangay Anti-VAWC 18 55 24 26 16
Officer
Registered Social Worker 1 1 1 1 1*
(MSWDO)
Police Officer (Women & 2 3 1 1 2
Children’s Desk of PNP)
Medical Doctor- RHU 1 2 1 1 1
*There is no position for MSWDO in San Jose. The registered Social Worker, who is the incumbent head of
MSWDO, occupies a lower salary grade position/title.

Table 13- Barangay Structures/ CANE Mechanisms in 10 selected Barangays

Municipality Barangay Structures/ Mechanism Functionality
Pambujan Cabaranga Barangay Chairman, BCPC are not fully functioning and the Barangay
Secretary, Barangay Council are reactive on child abuse case. The
Council, VAWC, BCPC, Barangay Chairman, Secretary, and VAWC Officer
Barangay Watch are the key persons involved in handling child
(Tanod) abuse complaints. VAWC Officer recognized the

28
 need for training or re-orientation to increase
knowledge in handling cases.
Barangay 8 Same above Same above
Catarman Baybay Barangay Chairman, BCPC are not fully functional; VAWC functions with
Secretary, Barangay Barangay Chairman and Secretary but still need
Council, VAWC, BCPC, more trainings about their roles and
Barangay Watch responsibilities in leading the Anti-VAWC
(Tanod) Committee.
Cervantes Barangay Chairman, The Barangay Chairman, VAWC and other officials
Secretary, Barangay handle child abuse complaints. Just recently, the
Council, BCPC, VAWC VAWC Officer attended training on child abuse and
exploitation. BCPC is inactive.
Mondragon San Antonio Barangay Chairman, BCPC is not functional. There is a VAWC Officer,
Secretary, Barangay who needs additional training on handling cases of
Council, BCPC, VAWC child abuse. Many residents are not aware of the
VAWC;
Roxas Barangay Chairman, BCPC is not functional; The VAWC Officer is new.
Barangay Council, The Barangay Chair/ officials handle children issues
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC, and concerns.
Barangay Watch
(Tanod)
San Jose Aguadahan Barangay Chairman, The VAWC is still new and possibly needs re-
Barangay Council, orientation or training to properly respond/handle
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC cases of child abuse. BCPC is currently not active.
The Barangay Chair/ officials handle child abuse
cases and other concerns.
Tubigdanao Barangay Chairman, The VAWC is not fully functioning. The Barangay
Barangay Council, Chair and Secretary are more involved in handling
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC child abuse complaints. The BCPC is not functional
Bobon Acerida Barangay Chairman, The Barangay Chair, Secretary and VAWC handle
Secretary, VAWC, reported cases of child abuse, but there could be
Barangay Council, BCPC upcoming changes as a result of Barangay election.
They have attended the seminar on Anti-Violence
against Women and Children conducted by the
Bobon MSWDO in 2016. BCPC is not active.
Dangcalan Barangay Chairman, The Barangay Chair, Secretary and VAWC are
Secretary, VAWC, functional/handle child abuse cases. They have
Barangay Council, BCPC attended the seminar on Anti-Violence against
Women and Children conducted by the Bobon
MSWDO in 2016. BCPC is inactive.
Source: Results of FGD Conducted in 10 Selected Barangays

29
1.3 Issues and Concerns Pertaining to Receipt and Processing of CANE cases

Barangay:

• Some Barangay officials and Anti-VAWC Officer are not fully knowledgeable on the process of
handling complaints and reports of CANE cases. New Anti-VAWC Officers need training about
their roles and functions and orientation on related laws on child protection.
• Recording and safekeeping of child abuse complaints need to be improved and standardized.
• There are victims and/or complainants who withdraw their complaints and agree to make
settlement.
• In one barangay in Mondragon, there is a concern about the attitude of some people, who are
hesitant to report incident of child abuse when it happens within the family, but if other individuals
(outside the family) committed the crime, it is immediately reported in the Barangay, with
anticipation of settlement benefits later on.
• In almost all of the 10 barangays, local officials and stakeholders think that there could be many
cases of child abuse that are not reported. Some of the reasons why some people are hesitant to
report are: victims / witnesses are afraid or fearful of being harassed; lack of knowledge of child
protection services; prefer to keep quiet especially if the perpetuator is within the family; and
others simply just don’t care or don’t want to mess with other families.
• Most Barangays do not have a separate/private room for interviewing the victim, which
compromise the rule on privacy and confidentiality.

MSWD/ PNP/MHO
• There is inadequate number of Registered Social Workers to manage cases of child abuse, neglect
and exploitation.
• In San Jose, there is no position for Municipal Social Work & Development Officer. The registered
Social Worker, who is the head of the office, currently occupies a lower salary grade title/ position.
• The MSWDO of Mondragon has no separate room for intake interviews, which often results to
breach of privacy and confidentiality.
• There is an expressed need for additional trainings or seminars by social service personnel and
PNP Officers
• Need to standardize and systematize recording, safekeeping and sharing of records both at PNP
the and MSWDO
• Some Policewomen at the PNP Stations are concerned about instances where cases are
immediately referred to them by the Barangay without first taking appropriate actions on them.
• There is limited temporary shelter facility for abused children. The Home for Children &
Adolescence (Lingap Center) administered by the PSWDO in Catarman is the only facility that
provides protective custody to abused children.
• There is no facility for Children in conflict with the law (CICL).
• Low number of cases is filed in the Court. In 2016-17, only about 37 percent of reported cases
were filed in the Court.
30
 • Case conference involving multi-disciplinary teams is not done regularly

Prosecution and Case Trials

• There are delays in the prosecution and litigation of cases, which cause frustrations among the
victim’s family and law enforcement officers alike.

• Case hearing postponement happens due to late submission of evidences like medical
examination; perpetuators are still at large; and victims or witnesses are not able to appear as they
have no money to go to court or busy with their work.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL (RISK AND PROTECTIVE) FACTORS IMPACTING CHILD-WELL BEING

The origins of child maltreatment are influenced by a number factors including individual, family, societal
and other external factors depending on specific local contexts. For example, various researches and
evidences suggest that age and gender are predictive of maltreatment risks. Characteristics of family are
also widely recognized by experts to have direct link with child abuse and maltreatment. Factors related
to society and community such as the availability of health services and education also play important
roles in child development, success in school, relationships and avoidance of violence and exploitation.

Below are some of the potential risk factors identified during interviews and interactions with various
social service officials and other local stakeholders in the area.

2.1 Risk Factors

• Poverty or simply lack of livelihood was identified as important risk factor linked to child
maltreatment in the area. Unemployment and limited income of parents cause a lot of stress that
sometimes lead to physical abuse and maltreatment. The lack of parent’s capacity to support their
children also forces them to use child labor to augment their family income. This is common in
many barangays where children at an early age are asked by their parents to take work in the farm,
haul heavy loads, gather crablets or engage as hired labor. As a result, children are not able to
attend school and pursue further education.

• Poor parenting is another leading risk factor identified and linked to many cases of physical abuse
and maltreatment. This could be associated with low educational attainment of parents, early
marriage and negative attitudes as mentioned during interactions with families.

• Early marriage and teenage pregnancy increase risk of children being neglected at a young age. In
the last two years, cases of adolescent pregnancy have increased by 173 percent from 197 to 341
as more teens are becoming sexually active due to social pressures and apparent lack of access or
interest in reproductive health education. Its implications could be wide ranging from health
31
 complications (both for the mother and the baby), death and other social consequences. Cases of
young mothers leaving their homes for longer period of time to work in other places deny the child
of mother’s care and protection.

• Exposure to internet and unsafe social media networks particularly in the urban areas increases the
risk of young people to many dangers. This changing lifestyle influences many young adolescents
to be more socially active, stay late outside and indulge in other activities that could expose them
to dangers of abuse and exploitation both by peers and strangers.

• Low disclosures and reporting of child abuse cases can normalize maltreatment of children. One
case in point is the absence of formal reporting on the existence of child labor in the area. Since
there is no formal reporting, it could become a socially accepted phenomenon that can perpetuate
the exploitative practice. The reluctance or fear to report cases of maltreatment and simply
confining them within the family is also another risk that can perpetuate the commission of crimes.

• Vices and Alcoholism – Parents or any other individuals who indulged in too much vices and
alcoholic drinking may pose potential risk to child abuse, especially if they are in close regular
contacts with potential victims.

Table 14- Perceived Causes/ Risk Factors on CANE (FGD Results in 10 Barangays)
Municipality Barangay Perceived causes / Risk factors on Child abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
Pambujan Cabaranga Poverty, early marriage, parents are stressed due to many HH problems
Barangay 8 Poverty, lack of parenting skills, no privacy due to limited space in the
house; children are separated from parents who work in other places.
Catarman Baybay Poverty, quarrel in the family, drunkenness, and early marriage.
Presence of some migrants who exploit young children to do illicit
activities.
Cervantes Poverty-- limited livelihoods, low income
Mondragon San Antonio Limited livelihoods, lack of awareness on child rights
Roxas Lack of parenting skills, vices, and poverty—when parents cannot
provide the needs of children, some children are forced to take work
just to earn money.
San Jose Aguadahan Limited livelihoods, low income of families, low awareness on children’s
rights and protection services
Tubigdanao Lack of awareness, limited livelihoods, low income
Bobon Acerida Poor parenting/guidance skills, lack of interest in education, young
adolescents stay out late.
Dangcalan Lack of education, poverty, vices, lack of work

32
 2.2 Other Environmental Factors that impact child well-being

• Access to Housing Programs

Housing is important for many aspects of healthy living though it has been relatively neglected in recent
years. Inadequate or complete lack of housing, affects both children and adults negatively. Both the
physical structure of houses and their location can involve health and other risks.3 For example, a leaky
house can lead to dampness, which may cause respiratory illness and allergic reactions; the use of
inflammable or weak material, common among poor households poses increased risks of injuries and
exposure to disease carrying mosquitoes, while overcrowding and small living space could sometimes
lead to incidence of incest.

Housing intervention in the five municipalities is limited to services for members of Pag-ibig, and in-
house financing for government employees. The Core Shelter Program of the DSWD and LGUs are also
confined to few barangays in Bobon and Mondragon. There is an NHA plan to develop a resettlement
area for high risk families in Pambujay which until now is on the initiation stage.

• Access to Safe Drinking Water

Unsafe drinking water is one of the major risks to children’s health as they allow the spread of waterborne
diseases and related illnesses. In the Philippines, 95 percent of households use an improved source of
drinking water, i.e. water piped into dwelling, piped to neighbor, public tap, tube wells, protected spring,
protected well and bottled water or those from refilling stations.4

Figure 6 shows the proportion of

households in the five municipalities with
access to safe drinking water from
improved sources. Bobon is the most
improved municipality in terms of
providing safe water access for its
households with less than 20 percent of
households without access. This is largely
due to assistance provided by UNICEF
through its WASH-Nutrition Program.
The four other municipalities have also made some progress with more households having access to clean
water in 2017 compared to previous year, but the proportion of households with access to clean water still
range from 50 to 74 percent across the four municipalities.

3
http://www.who.int/ceh/risks/cehousing/en/
4
National Demographic and Health Survey-2017
33
Majority of the households in Northern Samar are provided water by the Local Government Units (LGUs),
either directly through the Water Districts or through community-based water associations and
cooperatives. Catarman has a water district that operates Level III systems (piped water connected to
households), that most serve the urban population. Other municipalities rely on Level I or Level II water
supply systems with support from the national government, LGUs and NGOs. Level I system is a stand-
alone water points like hand pumps, tube wells, rainwater; and Level II –is piped water with communal
water point like the spring source in barangay of San Jose. Other residents also depend on water peddlers
operating in the barangays. Bottled water and water refilling stations have recently been popular in many
urban barangays and adjoining areas as sources of drinking water.

• Access to Sanitation Facilities

Improved sanitation contributes enormously to human health, especially for children and women.
Providing access to sanitation (home toilet) is important to reduce the impact of bacteria, viruses and
parasites found in human excreta which could contaminate food, water and soil that could lead to diarrhea,
the second biggest killer of children in developing countries. It also helps create physical environments
that enhance safety, dignity and self-esteem. Safety issues are also particularly important for women and
children, who otherwise risk sexual harassment and assault when defecating at night in secluded areas.5

Data from the Provincial Health

Office shows that only about 64
percent of households in Northern
Samar have access to improved
sanitary facilities. Among the five
municipalities, Bobon, Catarman and
San Jose have marked improvements
in 2017 compared to Mondragon and
Panbujan with only minor progress.
Figure 7 shows the proportion of
households with and without access to clean sanitation in the five municipalities. The significant increase
in the number of households in Bobon with improved sanitation facilities is partly due to LGU initiatives
like the “Zero-Open Defection Program” with assistance from UNICEF. In other municipalities, the
Department of Health and Rural Health Units have also implemented sanitation campaigns and
distribution of toilet bowls in the rural barangays, but report of utilization was apparently low.

• Waste Management

Improper dumping of waste can be hazardous to humans, animals, soils and water resources, which
provide a lifeline to many families. A recent study on the impact of waste disposal sites in the Philippines
5
WHO- Media Centre website, accessed June 2018
34
pointed out occurrences of gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and skin diseases among neighboring
population to waste disposal sites, including municipal solid waste workers and waste-picking children,
who are exposed to high levels of particulate matter.6

Efforts to comply with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act are being exerted by Local
Government Units, however; the use of unregulated dumpsites is still the dominant practice. The five
municipalities have material recovery facilities but is lacking access to sanitary landfill or alternative
technology as mandated by law. A recent DILG assessment report indicates that among the municipalities,
only Catarman and Mondragon are meeting the standard on Solid Waste Management Plan and
Implementation.

• Disaster Risks

Experience shows that women and children are most vulnerable in times of disaster. Reports of hunger,
difficulties in going to evacuation centers, traumatic stress and other psychological impact are common
after disaster events.

In recent years, there has been progress in disaster risk reduction with the formation of Disaster Risk
Reduction & Management Councils (DRRMC) and creation of disaster risk reduction management plans
at the provincial, municipal and barangay levels. Most of these initiatives are now in place in the
municipalities of Catarman, Bobon, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose, although they face many
challenges and budgetary constraints, which make them reactionary rather than pro-active.

Aside from local efforts, various NGOs, notably PBSP also provide assistance in the construction of
typhoon-resistant school buildings in several municipalities, like Bobon, Mondragon, and Pambujan.
These school facilities serve as evacuation centers that provide safe places to families and children during
disaster events. The KALAHI-CIDDS of the DSWD also assist LGUs and barangays in improving school
facilities and covered courts that have multiple uses in times of disasters, while other international NGO
like Plan International provides training inputs in building resilient and safer communities.

3. EXISTENCE AND STATE OF FACILITIES THAT PROVIDES SERVICES TO CHILDREN AND

ACCESS TO SERVICES FROM PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS , NGOS, PUBLIC WELFARE
INSTITUTIONS , POLICE AND JUDICIAL COURTS

3.1 Private Organizations Providing Services to Children

6
Review on the Impact of Waste Disposal Sites in the Philippines, Van Ryan Khristopher R. Galarpe

35
 • UNICEF- programs in Northern Samar focus on health, sanitation, WASH-malnutrition,
education and early childhood development. UNICEF currently works with the LGUs of
Bobon and Mapanas.
• Plan International- an international non-profit organization that provides intervention for youth
and children in the municipalities of Catarman, San Roque, Lope de Vega, Las Navas and
Catubig. Its program helps increase awareness on children’s rights, creates adequate
opportunity for the youth and increases capacity of local groups to minimize disaster risks.
• Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP) – a non-government organization that provides
support for the construction of typhoon-resistant school buildings in several municipalities of
Northern Samar.
• BDO Foundation – a Manila based non-profit organization devoted to helping communities. It
provides support for health center and other similar facilities that benefit the poor.
• Caritas / CBCP – provides assistance for training, livelihoods, values education and disaster
risk reduction interventions.
• Center for Empowerment and Resource Development (CERD) – a local NGO operating in
Mondragon to assist communities near the coastal areas
• Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) – provides microfinance assistance to
poor families and grassroots organizations.
• ASA Philippines Microfinance – provide microfinance assistance to poor families particularly
in San Jose;

3.2 Existing Child Welfare Shelters

• Home for Children and Adolescence (Lingap Center) is administered by the Provincial Social
Welfare and Development Office. It is the only temporary shelter for neglected, abused and
exploited children for the whole of Northern Samar. The Center can accommodate up to 40
children and has ample space and equipped with necessary equipment and facilities for child
care. The child caring facility has 4 Social Workers and 9 House Parents that provide
educational, psychosocial, health care and other services to the children.

• Alliance of Networks for Assistance to Strandees (ANGKAS) Center is managed by the

Municipal Social Work and Development Office of Allen. The Center provides shelter and
assistance to stranded victims of trafficking.

• Balay ni Bugto Emmanuel is a residential facility for boys located in Catarman, which is
subsidized by the Sons of the Congregation of the Immaculate Concepcion. The facility can
accommodate up to 40 children, who are mostly sons of poor families or orphan- living with
relatives and those who have been exploited as child laborer. Aside from educational support,
the Center provides spiritual formation interventions and counseling. The shelter is managed
by a Priest, 2 House Parents, 1 Brother and a maintenance worker.

36
 • Palangga Shelter – a room facility recently established by MSWDO of Catarman to provide
temporary shelter to neglected and street children. The facility has limited space and still lacks
supplies and materials for child care.

3.2 Philippine National Police (PNP) Stations

All municipalities in Northern Samar have Municipal PNP station with Women and Child Protection Unit
(WCPU) that attends to women and child abuse complaints. There are 3 Policewomen assigned in
Catarman PNP Station, 2 each in Bobon and San Jose PNP Stations and 1 Policewoman each in Panbujan
and Mondragon.

3.3 Judicial Courts

All municipalities in Northern Samar have operational justice system for children, likewise have legal
protection program for children. There are 6 Regional Trial Court Branches, 5 Municipal Trial Court and
9 Municipal Circuit Trial courts in the whole of Northern Samar.

In the absence of family court in the province, the Regional Trial Courts are designated to have jurisdiction
for cases involving children and minors under RA 8360. Child abuse cases in the municipalities of
Catarman, Bobon, San Jose and Mondragon are filed in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Catarman,
while in Pambujan, child abuse cases are filed in RTC of Lao-ang.

4. STATE OF THE EMPLOYABLE POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND SKILLS OF EMPLOYABLE

POPULATION , AND THE VIABLE BUSINESS/LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES

4.1 Employment Sectors and Working Age Population

The primary source of income and employment in the 5 municipalities are in the agriculture, fishery and
the service sectors, which account for more than 90 percent of the total businesses. The combined total
working group (15 to 64 years old) is about 118,998 (PSA), of which 51.3 percent are male and 48.7
percent are female. Catarman has the highest number of people in the working group in the five
municipalities with 56,145 or 47.2 percent of the total, followed by Mondragon and Pambujan.

4.2 Occupational Groups, Labor Participation and Livelihood Potentials

Table 13 shows the number of workers 15 years old and above engage in various occupation groups.
Agriculture and fishery workers top the number of workers at 28%, followed by those engage in
elementary occupations at 26.6%. Professionals and managers account for 14% and those employed in
the service and sales sectors are 8.5%.

37
Table 15- Gainful Workers 15 years and above in Various Occupational Groups
Occupational Group Total Catarman Bobon Mondragon Pambujan San Jose
Managers 6067 2873 588 1053 881 672
Professionals 4037 2409 392 505 457 274
Technicians and Associate 2369 1269 238 279 376 207
Professionals
Clerical Support Workers 2998 2007 211 298 264 218
Service and Sales Workers 9215 5288 571 1527 1264 565
Skilled Agricultural Forestry and 20504 7372 2282 4522 4430 1898
Fishery workers
Craft and Related Trades 4232 1943 443 712 648 486
Workers
Plant and Machine Operators 3562 1673 402 710 431 346
and Assemblers
Elementary Occupations* 19502 6615 1797 5268 3845 1977
Armed Forces Occupations 557 228 85 177 51 16
Other Occupation Not 0 0 0 0 0 0
Elsewhere Classified
Not Reported 115 47 5 39 18 6
Total 73,158 31,724 7,014 15,090 12,665 6,665
Source: PSA Census of 2015-Northern Samar Statistics
*Elementary occupations consist of simple and routine work, which mainly require hand held tools and often
some physical effort and thus considered as low wage occupation.

Of those in gainful employment, the men

outnumbered the women workers by a
bigger margin, 67.2 percent and 32.8
percent respectively. The average male
labor force participation rate in the five
municipalities is 80.4 percent (i.e. % of
male population ages 15+) compared to the
female labor force participation rate of only
41.3 percent (% of female population ages
15+).

The poor labor market outcomes for women

could be partly driven by cultural norms like early marriages, being the housekeepers, inadequate formal
education and low skills among women.

Given this, there is enormous opportunity for continuing education, skills development and livelihood
promotion especially for women. Being an agriculture and fishery area, there is potential to develop skills
in agriculture, abaca fiber processing, fish processing, aquaculture and fishing technology. Food business

38
and furniture making also have potentials for jobs generation. Community-based tourism is another sector
that can also be developed for local employment.

4.3 Dependency Ratio

The average total dependency ratio in the five municipalities is 74 per 100 persons in the working group
age. Dependency ratio is the proportion of dependent children and older people per 100 individuals in the
working group. Table 16 shows the child and older people dependency ratio per municipality.

Table 16- Dependency Ratio Per Municipality

Municipality Total Dependency Child Dependency Ratio Older People Dependency
Ratio ratio
Bobon 72 64 8
Catarman 67 61 7
Mondragon 76 68 7
Pambujan 80 72 8
San Jose 73 64 9

5. PEACE AND ORDER SITUATION

According to the Northern Samar PNP, the massive campaign to address criminality and eradicate the
drug menace has caused a ripple effect for other crimes resulting to a 57.7% decrease in total crime volume
of the province since 2016.7

Among other things, the Local Government Units in coordination with DILG have been active to ensure
that there is Anti-Criminality Action Plan and logistical support to the local Police Station. The Local
Peace and Order Councils are also convened, and support is given for the organization of the Barangay
Peacekeeping Action teams or its equivalent.

6. EXISTENCE, STATE AND ACCESSIBILITY OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH FACILITIES AND

PROGRAMS

6.1 Playgrounds and Other facilities for Children and Youth

The existence of children and youth facilities and programs are presented in Table 17. From the data, it
appears that children have limited access to recreational facilities like playgrounds, libraries and children
or youth centers except those that are in schools. The most common place where children and youth can
play and indulge in some sports activities are the basketball courts (some are covered courts), which are

7
Philippine Information Agency
39
scattered in many barangays in the five municipalities. Many public elementary and high schools also
have playgrounds for their students.

The available education facilities are Barangay Day Care Centers, Elementary Schools from Kinder to
Grade 6, which are discussed in the latter sections. In cases of child or women violation, no separate
detention cell for women or facilities for children in conflict with the law are available.
Table 17- Existence of Community facilities for children and youth
Municipality Community Facilities for Children and Youth Separate Separate
Early children Children’s Children’s Youth centers detention detention cell
education * playground** library facility for for women
children
Bobon yes yes none none none none
Catarman yes yes none none none none
Mondragon yes yes none none none none
Pambujan yes yes none none none Yes (temp)
San Jose yes yes none none none none
Source: Rural Health Units and DSWD- 2016
*For early education, this refers to presence of day care centers, kindergartens and elementary schools.
** Children and youth playgrounds are commonly available in schools and municipal plazas or barangay covered courts

7. EXISTENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, PLANS

AND POLICIES FOR CHILDREN

7.1 Status and Functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of
Children (LCPC-Municipal)

The Local Council for the Protection of Children (LCPC) is an institutional mechanism in all levels of the
Local Government Units that advocates child protection, plans initiatives and interventions and monitors
children's programs and projects in the locality. It is created under Article 87 of PD 603 and further
strengthened under Republic Act 9344 of 2006. The Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG) is mandated to oversee the organization and functionality of the LCPC.

Table 18-Functionality of LCPC- Municipal Council for the Protection of Children

Municipality Functionality
Bobon Mature
Catarman Ideal
Mondragon Mature
Pambujan Mature
San Jose Ideal
Rating: Basic – 1-20%; Progressing- 21to 50%; Mature-51 to 75%; Ideal- 76-100%

40
Table 18 shows the functionality of the Local Council for the Protection of Children in the five
municipalities. The assessment was based on the performance in four area indicators: Organization,
Meetings, Policies, plans and budgets, and Accomplishments of plans. Catarman and San Jose have Ideal
rating while the other 3 municipalities are still in the Maturing stage. Despite this, many still believe that
the high ratings may not truly reflect the true state and functionality of the LCPC as they have minimal
accomplishments. Local officials in San Jose, Pambujan and Catarman acknowledged the need to
revitalize and strengthen the local councils so that it can better address the needs and well-being of
children.

7.2 Plans and Policies for Children

Annual Plans and budget for children are said to be in place in the five municipalities, but the enforcement
of the local codes and implementation of programs and services for children are not consistent in all
municipalities. Annual State of Children’s Report are not prepared or updated. Table 19 shows the
performance of LCPC in terms of the four functional areas.

Table 19- LCPC Performance in the Four Functional Areas

Performance Indicators Number of MCPC
Have Local Development Plan for Children 5 municipalities
Have Local Investment Plan for Children with Budget 5 municipalities have 1% IRA allotment
Have Updated Local Code for Children and Implement 3- Catarman, Mondragon and San Jose *
Prepare Annual State of Children’s Report 1- Pambujan (report not updated)
* San Jose LGU has recently passed an ordinance to implement the “Child Welfare Code of San Jose” starting this year.

7.3 Status and Functionality of the Barangay Council for the Protection of
Children (BCPC)

The results of the recent DILG assessment of the BCPC functionalities in the 139 barangays of the five
municipalities are shown in Table 20. Only 10 out of 139 BCPCs were rated Ideal while almost 60 percent
are considered in the Basic and Progressive stages (1%-50%), which suggest that many BCPCs have very
minimal or no activity after they were organized.

Membership of the BCPC includes: the Barangay Chairman, who is also the BCPC Chair, Members of
the Barangay Council, Anti-VAWC Officer, Midwife or BHW, Day Care Worker, School Principal,
representatives from Parents association, SK and local NGO or PO. Other barangays also mentioned
representation from the church organizations, women or farmers associations, and international NGOs
notably the Plan International.

41
Table 20- Functionality of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children – DILG Assessment
Municipality Number of Number of Functionality
Barangay BCPC Basic Progressive Mature Ideal
Bobon 18 18 0 0 18 0
Catarman 55 55 2 51 0 2
Mondragon 24 24 2 7 13 2
Pambujan 26 26 0 10 10 6
San Jose 16 16 0 8 8 0
Total 139 139 4 (2.8%) 76 (54.6%) 49(35.3%) 10 (7.2%)
Rating: Basic – 1-20%; Progressing- 21to 50%; Mature-51 to 75%; Ideal- 76-100%
Source: Municipal DILG Office (MLGOO)

Results of the Focus Group Discussions conducted in ten (10) selected barangays from the five
municipalities confirmed the current low functionalities of BCPC. The results of the discussions are
tabulated in (Table 21).

Table 21- BCPC functionalities in 10 selected Barangays (From FGD Results)

Municipality Barangay BCPC Plans for 1% Budget Allocation Local Code for
Name Meetings Children from IRA Children
Pambujan Caparanga No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA to No Local Code for
meeting - plan cover some expenses Children. Refer this
reactive for DCC, feeding, Code as Child Rights
referrals- P20,000
plus/yr
Barangay 8 No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA to No Local Code for
meeting- plan cover some expenses Children. Many are
reactive for DCC, feeding, not aware of the
referrals- P31,160/yr Code for children,
but consider it
promotion of Child
Rights
Catarman Baybay No regular No annual Barangay Council No Local Code for
meeting- plan and provides some funds for Children. Many are
reactive budget children as needed not aware of the
Code
Cervantes No regular No annual No regular allocation of Adopt the Municipal
meeting- plan 1% from IRA. In the past Code for Children
reactive it covers some expenses
for DCC, feeding,
referrals and seminars
Mondragon San Antonio No meeting No annual No IRA allocation made No Local Code for
plan and for children. Some fund Children
budget for children is provided
as needed.

42
 Roxas No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA to No Local Code for
meeting- plans cover some expenses Children
reactive for DCC, feeding,
referrals and seminars-
P17 k
San Jose Aguadahan No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA, No Local Code for
meeting- plan which is mostly for children, but
reactive alternative feeding. starting this year,
P2,0000 plus the Barangay will
adopt the “Children
Welfare Code of San
Jose” as per
municipal
ordinance.
Tubigdanao No meeting NO annual No allocation of 1% of No Local Code for
plan and IRA Children
budget
Bobon Acerida No regular NO annual No allocation of 1% of No Local Code for
meeting- plan and IRA Children
reactive budget
Dangcalan Quarterly in In the past, Allocate 1% of IRA for No Local Code for
the past Plan children, P5,000 Children
International
helps
facilitate
BCPC
meeting/
planning

Notes and Comments

- In almost all of the 10 barangays, children’s rights are discussed and promoted during Barangay
Assembly Meetings; unfortunately, not all parents are able to attend. Most of the local schools also
conduct sessions on Children’s Rights with parents and children.

- Issues and concerns about children are included in the agenda of the Barangay Council meeting as the
BCPC are seldom convened for meeting.

- With regard to local policy, only very few of the 10 barangays have existing ordinances for children.
The barangays of Dangcalan in Bobon and Cabaranga in Pambujan reported to have existing ordinance
on curfew hours for young people, while other barangays-imposed curfew hours only whenever
necessary. There is also an ordinance in Barangay Dangcalan in Bobon prohibiting the sales of
cigarettes and liquor to children.

43
 7.4 Community Awareness and Participation in Advocacy

Below are the results of survey interviews with 104 residents from 10 sampled barangays. The results of
the survey reflect the limited knowledge and participation of the residents on child protection services and
advocacy. The practice of physical punishment also exists. Participants however, have shown familiarity
with basic healthcare and early childhood education services at the Barangay; and strong concern for child
safeguarding and willingness to report incidence of child maltreatment.

• Awareness on the Existence of Programs on Health, Education and Nutrition

- Respondents confirmed the existence of health, education and nutrition programs and services in the
Barangays such as vaccination, immunization, OPT, deworming, vitamin supplementation and
treatment of schistosomiasis. For education, the respondents mentioned the presence of Day Care
Center (DCC), Supervised Neighborhood Play (SNP), Kinder to Elementary Education, Barangay
Scholarship and provision of school supplies (San Jose). For nutrition, the most common response is
the availability of the supplementary feeding program, administered in the Barangay Day Care
Centers. The promotion of gardening was also mentioned in the rural barangays of Catarman, Bobon
and San Jose.

- Majority of respondents are aware of the presence of the different LGU offices attending to health,
nutrition and education needs of the local population such as MSWD, DSWD, DOH, Philhealth and
Deped. In some barangays, the presence of other international organizations was also mentioned,
notably the UNICEF and Plan International. Also listed are the organizations that provide skills
trainings and micro-finance such as: CARD and ASA Microfinance in San Jose; CBCP and TESDA
in Pambujan and Bobon. On child protection, the respondents listed MSWD/ DSWD, PNP, Plan
International and CBCP and DOLE in San Jose.

• Awareness on the existence of Local Code for Children and Ordinances for Children

- There is low awareness on the existence of the Local Code for Children with 81 percent of respondents
who said they are not aware of it; however, the majority of respondents also said they are aware of
children’s rights, which they learn from attending Barangay Assembly meetings, Family Development
Sessions for 4Ps and school seminars.

- About 81 percent of respondents said there are no local or barangay ordinance for children in their
barangay except for a few respondents in the two barangays in Pambujan and Bobon, who reported
the existence of curfew hours and ordinance prohibiting stores to sell alcoholic drinks and cigarettes
to young children.

44
 • Knowledge of local structures/venues for reporting child abuse

- When asked where to report possible cases of child abuse, majority of respondents gave multiple
answers. About 71 percent of respondents listed the Barangay, 78 percent -MSWD and 60 percent-
PNP. Others also mentioned the Anti-VAWC Committee (18%), DSWD-(2%) and Bantay-Bata-
(2%) particularly in 1 Barangay in Mondragon.

- There is high awareness (92%) on the existence of local official assigned to handle cases of abuse in
the Barangay. The respondents listed multiple officials, who they think are responsible in the receipt
of child abuse complaints. About 46 percent mentioned the Barangay Captain, 20 percent the
Barangay Council members (Kagawads), 13 percent, Anti VAWC Officer, 10 percent Barangay
officials, 11 percent mentioned Barangay Secretary, and 10 percent have no answer or do not know.

• Willingness of respondents to report incidence of child abuse

- Surprisingly, a high 97 percent of respondents said, they will not hesitate to report incidence of child
abuse in the area, although some of those who responded positively said, they will report only if they
personally witness the incident. About 3 percent said they will not report for fear of being harassed,
afraid to be involved and be labeled as bad person.

• Attendance in children’s rights seminars and community actions

- About 65 percent of respondents said they have attended seminars on children’s rights. As to where
the seminars or trainings were held, 22 percent of respondents mentioned the barangay, 14 percent in
school, 13 percent in 4Ps parent’s effectiveness sessions, 8 percent, MSWD, 4 percent, PNP, 3 percent
in Plan International’s sponsored seminar, 4 percent at the Mayor’s Office, 2 percent, Church/CBCP,
and 1 percent at the Women Center in Barangay Cervantes in Catarman.

- Only 38 percent of respondents said they have participated in community actions or advocacy; and the
activities they participated in are: Barangay Assembly meetings, 4Ps meetings and training session
and school seminars pertaining to children’s rights.

• Attachment to local norm on corporal punishments

- About 48 percent of respondents still believe and/or practice physical punishment (pamamalo ng bata
at iba pa) as a way to discipline the child, which indicates that the local norm still exists in the area.
When asked whether it is also the sentiment or common practice in the community, only 27 percent
of respondents said yes, while the rest of respondents (73%), said they do not know or have no answer.

45
 • Suggestions from respondents on where to focus programs and services to better protect children

- Increase community awareness on CANE through conduct of seminars both for parents and
Barangay officials.
- Ensure child safety and security by imposing curfew hours
- Parents, barangay and schools should join together to safeguard and protect children
- Improve Day Care Center facilities and deteriorating elementary school buildings.
- Support and encourage parents to send their children to school and finish their schooling.
- Improve parenting skills –teach parents to properly care and discipline their children, learn
alternative punishments, improve parents-child relationships and reduce vices.
- Do something about the growing problem of child labor by providing livelihoods, employment
and job placement assistance to the residents.

8. HEALTH AND NUTRITION STATUS AND THE EXISTENCE AND FUNCTIONALITY OF

HEALTH AND NUTRITION FACILITIES & SERVICES

This section examines the health and nutrition status of children and families and the existence and
functionality of health facilities and services available in the municipalities.

8.1 Hospitals/Medical Facilities

There are 13 medical facilities in the province of Northern Samar mostly located in Catarman. Nine (9)
are government and four (4) private. As to categories, three (3) are Level 1 general hospital and nine (9)
are classified as Infirmary. The hospital bed to population ratio within the province of Northern Samar is
about 1:1554, which is within the standard hospital bed to population ratio of 1: 2,000.

In terms of occupancy, the Northern Samar Provincial Hospital (NSPH) mostly carried the burden of
hospital patient care, with average occupancy rate of 111.8 percent as of 2015. Most of the other hospitals
(8) are classified as infirmary- a short stay medical health care facility with limited services. Resident in
the municipalities of Bobon, San Jose and Mondragon can have immediate access to hospitals in Catarman
as it is adjacent to these municipalities. The residents of Pambujan could also go to hospital facilities in
Lao-ang, its neighboring municipality.

Table 22- Hospital and Clinic Facilities

Location Name of hospital Type No. of beds
Allen Allen District Hospital Government, Level 1 hospital 50
Biri Biri District hospital Government, Infirmary 25
Capul Capul District hospital Government, Infirmary 25
Catarman Catarman Doctors Hospital Private, Level 1 hospital 25
Catarman Leoncio Uy Mem Hospital Private, Infirmary 15

46
 Catarman Northern Samar Provincial Hospital Government, Level 1 120
Catarman Our Lady of Peace Medical Clinic Private, Infirmary 12
Catarman PT Care Medical Clinic Private clinic 0
Catubig Catubig District Hospital Government, Infirmary 25
Gamay Gamay District Hospital Government, Infirmary 25
Laoang G.B. Tan Memorial Hospital Government, Infirmary 50
San Antonio San Antonio District Hospital Government, Infirmary 25
San Vicente San Antonio District Hospital Government, Infirmary 10
Total 9 government; 4 private 3 Level1; 8 Infirmary; 1 clinic 407
Source: Directory of Health, Rehabilitation and Disability Services Region 8-2014 and PHO N. Samar

8.2 Existence and Functionality of Health Centers and Health Stations

Basic health care service delivery is carried out by the Municipal Rural Health Units (RHU) through the
various health centers and barangay health station facilities. The RHU in every municipality also serves
as the primary public birthing facility. All these public birthing facilities are Philhealth accredited and 21
are BEMONC certified. These facilities are also open 24/7 and if not, they are on-call to serve the public.

The municipality of Catarman has 2 Health Centers, while Bobon, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose
has 1 Health Center each. For every Health Center, there are at least 2 Health Stations, but the total
number of health stations also depends on the population and number of barangays. In most cases, adjacent
barangays are clustered to form 1 Health Station, the reason why not all barangays have a Health Station
facility.

Table 23 - Number of Public Birthing facilities, Health Centers and Health Stations
Municipality RHU Public birthing facilities Number of Number of
Number BEMONC Open 24/7 Philhealth Health Health
Certified Accredited Centers Stations
Bobon 1 yes yes yes 1 3
Catarman 2 yes yes yes 2 16
Mondragon 2 yes yes yes 1 3
Pambujan 1 yes yes yes 1 6
San Jose 1 yes yes yes 1 12
TOTAL 7 6 40
Source: Rural Health Units- Northern Samar

All health centers and health stations in the five municipalities are considered functional. They provide
pre-natal and post-natal services, immunization services, and integrated management of childhood
illnesses, infant and child feeding and promotion of responsible parenthood. The latter is normally
conducted during home visits of the Barangay Health Workers to encourage mothers to visit the health
stations regularly with their children.

The health centers and health stations are open 8 am to 5 pm from Monday to Friday and with basic
medical equipment. The facilities have water supply system and access to electricity. All the Municipal

47
Health Centers in the 5 municipalities also have transportation vehicle for emergency needs, except in San
Jose.

Table 24- Functionality of Health Centers and Health Stations

Health Centers Health Services
Municipality With With With Pre- Post- Responsible Expanded Integrated Infant/
Health Equipment Emergency natal natal Parenthood Immuniza Mgt of Young
Staff vehicle tion Childhood Child
Illness Feeding
Bobon yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Catarman yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Mondragon yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Pambujan yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Jose yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes yes
Source: Rural health Units, 2016

8.3 Medical Health Personnel and Health Workers

The Rural Health Units have permanent and full-time health staff like medical doctors, nurses, dentists,
midwives, medical technologists and sanitary inspectors (Table 25). There are also around 1,106 active
Barangay Health Workers (BHW) of which 695 are accredited by the Local Health Board or Accreditation
Committee. Accredited BHWs are entitled to the benefits specified in the BHW Benefits and Incentives
Act, which include a cash benefit at the end of the year. Catarman has the biggest number of BHWs with
700. The ratio of the active health workers to the number of households ranges from 1:18 to 1:1,265.
Similar to Day Care Workers, the tenure of many health workers is not protected causing disruption of
services in some areas. Aside from the Rural Health Units’ personnel, the Department of Health (DOH)
has dispatched medical health personnel in Northern Samar under its Health Human Resources
Deployment Program. The deployment program helps boost immunization campaigns and other maternal
and child care services even in the most remote barangays.

Table 25- Medical Health Personnel and Health Workers

RHU Medical Health Personnel Barangay Health Workers (BHW)
Municipality Medical Medical Sanitary Total
Doctors Nurses Dentists Technolo Inspector BHW Active Accredited BHW to
gist HH ratio
Bobon 1 1 1 1 2 161 161 95 1:26
Catarman 2 5 1 1 2 700 700 500 1:27
Mondragon 1 2 1 0 1 6 6 2 1:1265
Pambujan 1 11 1 1 2 134 134 0 1:46
San Jose 1 2 1 0 3 105 105 98 1:34
TOTAL 6 21 5 3 10 1106 1106 695
Source: Rural health Units, 2016

48
 8.4 Maternal and Child Care
Maternal and child care data for the year 2016-17 are presented in Tables 26, 27 and 28. Total deliveries
have increased by 5.9% from 5,469 in 2016 to 5,792 in 2017 in all 5 municipalities. Home based delivery
has decreased significantly by 70% in Mondragon and slightly in Pambujan by 9% for the period 2016-
17. In the other 3 municipalities, there is a slight percentage increased. This means that preference for
home delivery still persist in many barangays except in Mondragon where significant decline was noted.
Increasing facility or hospital-based delivery by pregnant women is one of the goals of the DOH so that
mothers and the infants will be given better care and attention by more skilled health personnel.

Table 26- Data on Birth Delivery in the 5 Municipalities (2016-17)

Total Delivery - 2016 Total Delivery - 2017
Municipality RHU Facility Home Total RHU Facility / Home Total
Hospital Hospital
Bobon 266 94 360 330 98 428
Catarman 2967 375 3342 3317 391 3708
Mondragon 549 189 738 585 49 634
Pambujan 268 311 579 262 282 544
San Jose 429 21 450 431 47 478
Total 4479 990 5469 4925 867 5792
Source: Rural Health Units (RHUs)

Table 27- Maternal, Infant and Under-5 Mortality

2016 2017
Municipality Maternal Infant Under 5 Maternal Infant Under 5
Mortality Mortality Mortality Mortality Mortality Mortality
Bobon 1 death 3 deaths 1 death 1 death 1 death 3 deaths
Catarman 4 6 6 1 5 3
Mondragon 5 10 3 3 4 4
Pambujan 0 6 0 0 0 3
San Jose 0 1 1 0 16 0
Total 9 23 10 4 25 10
Source: Rural Health Units

Table 28- Immunization Coverage

Municipality 2016 2017
0-11 months 12-23 months 0-11 months 12-23 months
Bobon 426 217 554 224
Catarman 1195 384 1343 340
Mondragon 554 142 208 31
Pambujan 513 88 567 285
San Jose 401 387 494 470
TOTAL 3089 1218 3166 1350
Source: Rural Health Units

49
Immunization of children against common vaccine-preventable diseases is crucial to reducing infant and
child mortality. In Northern Samar, basic immunization is given free at any government hospital,
municipal health centers and health stations for children. Immunization data (Table 28), shows increasing
coverage both for babies 0-11 months and 12-23 months for the years 2016-17 due to increased birth
deliveries. There is also marked increase in the completion of immunization up to 23 months from 1,218
in 2016 to 1,350 in 2017. The level of immunization coverage in Northern Samar is estimated at 70.3
percent.

Figure 9- Teenage Pregnancy

During the last 2 years the number

of teenage pregnancy in the 5
municipalities has increased by
173 percent from 197 to 341. The
municipalities of Pambujan,
Mondragon and San Jose have the
most number of cases reported in
2017 with a total of 115, 114 and
24 each. Bobon and Catarman
noted a slight decrease in the
number of teenagers getting
pregnant. The majority of these
pregnancies occurred when
teenagers were 15-19 years old, but there is also 1 in San Jose and 2 in Bobon at ages 10-14 years old.
Some of the reasons cited for this increasing trend are: changing life style, peer pressure, exposure to
social media and the lack of access or interest in attending reproductive health care seminars about some
adolescents.

The issue of teenage fertility is important for both health and social reasons. Evidence shows that very
young mothers are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes and to be constrained in their
ability to pursue educational opportunities than young women who delay childbearing. Children born to
very young mothers also have increased risk of sickness and death. Cases of young mothers leaving their
child to a guardian or house helper to work in faraway place may also put their child to danger of abuse
and/ or exploitation.

8.5 Top Causes of Mortality and Morbidity

Table 29- Leading Causes of Mortality & Morbidity- 2017

Municipality Leading Causes of Mortality Leading Causes of Morbidity
Bobon Myocardial infarction Pneumonia
Pneumonia Bronchial Asthma
Severe hypertension Asthma

50
 Tuberculosis Diarrhea
Cerebral Schistosomiasis HD (Huntington’s disease)
Catarman Pneumonia Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)
Severe HPN (Home Parenteral Bronchitis
Nutrition) Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM II) Bacterial Skin Infection
Cerebro-vascular accident Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Acute myocardial infarction (MI)
Mondragon Cardiac arrest Acute respiratory infection
Hypertension Wounds
Bronchopneumonia Hypertension
Tuberculosis Fever
Sepsis Diarrhea
Pambujan Pneumonia Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
Stroke Influenza
Acute Myocardial infarction Acute Gastroenteritis
Accidental drowning Abscess
Congestive heart failure Acute Bronchitis
San Jose Pneumonia Cough/Colds
Stroke (Uncontrolled hypertension) Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)
Myocardial Infarction Fever
Bronchial Asthma Hypertensive Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular
Diabetes Mellitus II (DM II) Disease (HACVD)
Prostate Cancer Diarrhea
Osteoarthritis
Source: Rural Health Units

Table 30- Leading Causes of Maternal & Under-5 Mortality - 2017

Municipality Leading Causes of Maternal and Children Under 5 Mortality
Maternal mortality Children Under 5
Bobon Hemorrhage Pneumonia
Catarman Anemia Pneumonia
Mondragon Cardio-Respiratory, Sepsis with Bronco Pneumonia
Anemia, Dehydration
Pambujan No death in 2017 Drowning
Aspiration Pneumonia
San Jose No death in 2017 No death
Source: Rural Health Units

8.6 Status of Malnutrition

Malnutrition remains a public health concern in the province of Northern Samar affecting pre-school and
school children. With intermittent feeding programs at the Barangay Day Care Centers and kinder schools,
prevalence of malnutrition among children have been fluctuating, but is generally in decreasing trend
during the last 3 years.

51
Figure 10- Prevalence Rate of Malnutrition among Children 0-71 Months - 5 Municipalities

Figure 10 shows the prevalence of underweight, wasted and stunted pre-school children, ages 0-71
months. The data indicates that all of the five Municipalities except Bobon have decreasing prevalence
of malnutrition. Despite this, Bobon still has the lowest incidence at malnutrition among preschoolers in
the five municipalities.

The prevalence of severely affected preschoolers also persists in the area as shown in Table 31. Severely
malnourished children are the focus of Rural Health Units and the Department of Health, who provide
feeding and medication to affected children. The prevalence of severely affected children is high in the
municipalities of San Jose, Pambujan and Mondragon. Bobon and Catarman have reduced
malnourishment cases in their areas.

Table 31-Prevalence Rate of Severely Malnourished Pre-school Children (0-71 months old)
Municipality Bobon Catarman Mondragon Pambujan San Jose
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Severely 0.34% 0.86% 1.85% 0.69% No 1.87% 2.6 3.7 3.5% 2.3%
underweight data
Severely 0.34% 0.81% 0.33% 0.6% No 1.98% 1.9 2.1 6.7% 4.6%
Wasted data
Severely 0.43% 0.89% 2.8% 1.73% No 7.71% 10.7 8.49% 1.79% 1.4%
stunted data
Source: Rural Health Units

9. EDUCATION STATUS AND EXISTENCE OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

This section deals with the education status of children in the community and the existence, functionality
and accessibility of educational infrastructure and services such as Day Care Centers, Public Elementary
and High School. Looking at this aspect helps identify existing issues in the preschool enrichment
services and school performance, which are generally known to have certain positive impacts on early
child development and acquisition of social and other skills necessary for adulthood. Education is also

52
essential so that children will learn and develop certain protective capacity to deal with potential abuse
and exploitations.

9.1 Education Infrastructure, Facilities and Services

a) Day Care Center (DCC)

Attendance in pre-school and kindergartens provides young children with creative experiences, mental
stimulation, cognitive skills development, physical development and values formation. There are 139 Day
Care Centers (DCC), recently renamed Child Development Centers (CDC) operating in the 5
municipalities of Bobon, Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose, Table 32. These facilities are
jointly administered by the MSWDOs and the Barangay Council. The Day Care Centers are usually
housed in small building with classrooms and play area. Children to classroom ratio ranges from 20:1 to
50:1 or an average ratio of 29:1. The children to teacher ratio ranges from 30:1 to 41:1 or an average ratio
of 35:1. The DCCs have electricity mostly sourced from local power providers or electric cooperatives
and water supplies from pumps or faucets.
All DCCs have supplementary feeding program for enrolled pre-school children, which are supported by
DSWD as part of the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) program of the government. The
feeding program however, is sometimes administered intermittently depending on the available budget.
The DSWD program run for 120 days every year (normally from July to December), after which, the
Barangay and parents jointly help each other to continue the program for the rest of the school year
(January to April). Despite this, the feeding program is very much appreciated in the localities by parents,
who alternatively help in the preparation of nutritious meals for the young children

Although the Day Care Centers are all operational, there are also some issues that disrupt and affect the
quality of classes particularly in some of the interior barangays. These concerns include: insufficient
supplies and play toys, limited playground area for kids and problems with classroom facilities. In the
interior Barangay of San Antonio in Mondragon, day care classes are held at the Barangay Hall because
there is no available building for them. The DCCs in Barangays Cabaranga in Pambujan and Tubigdanao
in San Jose, have deteriorating building and limited classroom. Another issue is the delay of fund releases
for the feeding program in Mondragon, San Jose, Bubon and Pambujan for more than one year already.

b) Public Elementary Schools

There are 117 public elementary schools scattered in many barangays of the 5 municipalities, but not all
barangays have elementary school facilities. This is so because in some area like Barangay Roxas in
Mondragon, there is no need to build one due to its proximity to central elementary schools that can cater
to pupils in clusters of barangays. This is common among barangays in the periphery of the urban areas.
Some elementary schools in remote barangays only offer lower grade levels, in which case children have
to enroll in nearby barangay schools.

53
The students to classroom ratio in public elementary school in the 5 municipalities ranges from 35:1 to
46:1 or an average ratio of 40:1; while the students to teacher ratio ranges from 34:1 to 39:1 or an average
ratio of 36:1. This data indicates the adequacy of classrooms and teachers in the elementary schools. All
public elementary schools have power and water supply available.

c) Secondary Schools and Senior High School

There are 16 secondary schools in the five prioritized municipalities: Catarman has 6, Bobon-2,
Mondragon-4, Pambujan -3 and San Jose-1. Majority of these secondary schools are located in the urban
center of the municipality or in the biggest barangay. The students to classroom ratio in the secondary
school’s ranges from 35:1 to 59:1 which indicates that there is classroom limitations in some areas,
particularly in Catarman, where more students are enrolled. The students to teacher ratio in the public
secondary school ranges from 34:11 to 41:1 or an average ratio of 37:1. All the secondary schools have
good access to electricity and water.

Table 32- Existence of Day Care Centers, Elementary and Secondary Schools in Northern Samar
Day Care Centers Public Elementary schools Public Secondary Schools
Municipality Number Students- Students Number Students- Students Number Students- Students
Classroom to Classroom to Classroom to
ratio teacher ratio teacher ratio teacher
ratio ratio ratio
Bobon 18 25:1 41:1 14 37:1 39:1 2 41:1 41:1
Catarman 55 25:1 34:1 46 40:1 34:1 6 59:1 41:1
Mondragon 24 30:1 30:1 25 46:1 39:1 4 35:1 34:1
Pambujan 26 33:1 33:1 20 43:1 35:1 3 54:1 37:1
San Jose 16 35:1 35:1 12 35:1 34:1 1 50:1 38:1
TOTAL 139 117 16
Source: Department of Education – N. Samar

There are 30 Senior High Schools in the province and almost half (14) of these are located in the
municipalities of Catarman, Bobon, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose (Table 31). About 27 of these
schools offer technical and vocational courses like agriculture, computer servicing, horticulture, and
welding, cooking, beauty care among others.

Table 33- Senior High Schools (SHS)

Municipality Number With Technical-Vocational courses With Level of Student to
of SHS instructors knowledge classroom
on course ratio
Bobon 2 beauty, food preservation yes Level 2 28:1
Catarman 4 Technical, vocational, agriculture and yes Level 3 59:1
livelihoods
Mondragon 3 Computer hardware services, yes Level 3 40:1
agriculture, dressmaking

54
 Pambujan 4 Carpentry, cosmetology, cooking, food yes Level 3 35:1
processing, computer servicing
San Jose 1 Welding, electrical, computer servicing, yes Level 1 21:1
dressmaking
Total 14
Source: DepEd, Northern Samar

d) Tertiary education facilities

There are ten (10) colleges/universities and three (4) technical vocational schools that operate in Northern
Samar. These institutions are mostly concentrated in Catarman, where 7 colleges and 1 technical school
(TESDA) is located. The others are 2 in Lavezares, 1 college and 2 technical vocational schools in Bobon,
2 UEP satellite campus in Catubig and Laoang. The University of Eastern Philippines (UEP) located in
Catarman is the only comprehensive state university in Eastern Visayas, offering the largest number of
undergraduate and graduate degree programs and short-term courses and certificates among the higher
education institutions in the region. It has 2 satellite campuses in Laoang and Lavezares.

9.2 Education Indicators

The gross enrolment of elementary pupils for SY 2015-2016 in the area is 40,134 with highest in Catarman
and Mondragon at 17,163 and 8,145 respectively. Completion rates among municipalities are within the
range of 84% to 88% but still lower than the previous school year (Tables 32 and 33).

In the secondary schools, gross enrollment for SY2015-16 reached 15,030, less than half of the elementary
enrollment. This suggests that a considerable number of children have not pursued secondary education.
Additional cost of schooling may have discouraged poor families to send their children to HS especially
if the only available school is located in another barangay. There are also parents who are not interested
to send their children to school after completing elementary education. In some other barangays, parents
forced children to work at a young age to augment family income instead of sending them to school. The
average completion rates in the secondary schools slipped from previous year’s good performance but still
within the range of 73% (San Jose) to as high as 93% in Pambujan and 92% in Catarman and Mondragon

Table 34- Education Indicators for Elementary (SY 2015-2016)

Municipality ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL
Gross enrollment- Completion Rate Gross enrollment- Completion Rate
2015-2016 2015-16 (%) 2015-2016 2015-16 (%)
Bobon 4,458 87% 2,260 84%
Catarman 17,163 86% 6,560 92%
Mondragon 8,145 86% 2,541 92%
Pambujan 7,031 84% 2,366 93%
San Jose 3,337 88% 1,303 73%
Total 40,134 15,030
Source: Department of Education- Northern Samar

55
. Table 35- Education Indicators for Elementary (SY 2014-2015)
Municipality ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL
Gross enrollment- Completion Rate Gross enrollment- Completion Rate
2014-2015 2014-15 (%) 2014-2015 2014-15 (%)
Bobon 4,174 93% 2,133 90%
Catarman 15,042 100% 5,660 95%
Mondragon 7,504 96% 2,393 88%
Pambujan 6,552 96% 2,278 66%
San Jose 3,152 97% 1,250 98%
Total 36,424 13,714
Source: Department of Education- Northern Samar

56
 CONCLUSION
Child abuse, neglect and exploitation or CANE is a serious public concern not only in Northern Samar
but also in many parts of the Philippines. If not abated, the increasing trends in child maltreatment will
have wide-ranging consequences to the young and most vulnerable members of our society.

Given the identified issues and gaps on the existing local mechanisms and the weak relationships that exist
among service providers and community stakeholders, the need for ensuring that children have safe,
nurturing relationships and environments is apparently important. Consequently, this lead us to believe
that the prevention of child maltreatment requires a comprehensive programmatic approach that crosscuts
various sectors of society including social services, law enforcement, public health, education, justice,
civil society organizations, business and the local communities.

In addition, there is an important need to increase the capacity of local government units and barangay
stakeholders to implement and scale-up measures that prevent child abuse, neglect and exploitation. This
includes adoption of local policies and primary prevention practices and norms that help in creating
nurturing neighborhoods and communities where our children can safely thrive.

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that program interventions in the identified five municipalities of Northern Samar
should focus on: (1) strengthening of local structures, networks, and formal systems on CANE; (2)
improving financial capacity of families; (3) public awareness building and education; (4) enhancing pre-
school program for children; and (5) enhancing parenting skills. These strategies should be treated to
reinforce each other in order to create the desired outcomes. Capacity building will be a cross-cutting
strategy.

1. Strengthening Existing Local Structures, Networks and Formal Systems on CANE: Improving
existing local structures, networks and formal systems on CANE will help address the existing gaps and
constraints in the management of CANE cases and ensure the implementation of programs and services
for children. The following actions are recommended:

• Activate and strengthen the capacity of the Local Council for the Protection of Children (Municipal
and Barangay), ensuring the preparation of Annual Plans and Budget for Children, implementation
of Local Codes for Children and performing of other critical functions.
• Review and update the formal systems and protocols for handling and management of CANE cases
and conduct re-orientation of key actors.
• Strengthen multi-disciplinary teams for case management.

57
 • Support the improvement of shelters and facilities for abused children and establishment of
facilities for children in conflict with the law.
• Improve and standardize the systems for recording and filings of reports and statistics on child
abuses cases.
• Capacity building for key actors from MSWDO, Barangay, PNP, MOH and members of other key
committees and teams (See Annex 1 for suggestion training topics/courses).

2. Improving financial capacity of families: Any long-term solution to prevent child neglect and
exploitation should include poverty alleviation; and the best way to do that is to help families get stable
job, employment or livelihoods. Addressing this issue will help minimize a host of risk factors linked to
child maltreatment such as inadequate shelter, lack of food, stressful situations and lack of access to higher
education. The use of child labor to augment family income will be minimized or eliminated and children
can go to school. Below are some of the actions that can be initiated.

• Advocacy to intensify collaboration of LGUs with other government agencies in creating more
opportunities for employment in the rural areas. In pursuit of this, a local job placement program
can be initiated in cooperation with local businesses/ private sector and other government projects
that generate jobs.
• Establish critical partnership and collaboration with organizations that provide livelihood
assistance, micro-loans and skills trainings, such as TESDA, Caritas/CBCP, CARD, ASA
Philippines Foundation and other organizations with presence in the area.

3. Public awareness building and education: The purpose of this strategy should be to create public
awareness on child maltreatment and the available protection services, as well as to change local norms
and practices on how parents should discipline the child. The campaign should also aim to create sense of
responsibility that will lead individuals and communities to take actions to prevent child abuse, neglect
and child labor practices. Proposed activities toward this end may include:

• Public awareness campaigns using effective social marketing techniques and other media.
• Issuance of local policies and ordinance to ensure child safety at home, in schools and the
community.
• Conduct of community dialogues, town hall discussion and other avenues to ventilate the issues
and enhance community engagement.

4. Enhancing Preschool Education Programs and Delivery of Basic Services:

• Support the improvement of Day Care Center facilities, feeding programs and other relevant
services to enhance early child development with parent’s participation.
• Advocacy for the protection of job tenure of Day Care Center Workers and Barangay Health
Workers to avoid job displacement, disruption of services and cost of re-trainings.
• Consider investing in water, sanitation and nutrition projects in critically deprived barangays.
58
5. Parental skills development: This strategy should target parents to teach them positive skills to build
strong and safe families from violence and its consequences.

• Ensure proper training needs assessment and adoption of holistic capacity building programs using
effective methods, processes, tools and materials.
• Proper targeting of parents and young mothers who are in need to improve parenting skills
• Review and update training materials and contents to include critical topics on child development,
causes of violence, anger and stress management, problem-solving skills and discipline techniques,
as well as other popular emerging issues on teenage pregnancies, illegal drugs, alcoholism,
transgender (LGBTQIA) and social media.

Considering the area coverage, we suggest a 3-5-year program to achieve the goal of building safe and
nurturing environment for children in the five municipalities. It is important to prioritize the strategy
number 1 during the early stage of the program as this will provide a strong foundation for other protective
interventions. Once the formal systems on CANE cases management are in-place and a Unified Plan for
Children is formulated in every municipality, other recommended interventions can easily be fined tuned
or aligned with the local plans.

Finally, it is critical to establish a monitoring and evaluation system, with a periodic data gathering
mechanism to monitor target outcomes on a regular basis. Data from this monitoring system will help
measure the achievement of outcomes and provide inputs in the regular adjustment of program plans and
budgets.

59
 LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1. Suggested Training Courses/ Topics …………………………………………… Page 60

Annex 2. Consolidated Results of FGDs Conducted in 10 Barangays …………………… Pages 61-71

Annex 3. Summary Results of Surveys with Parents/ Resident in 10 Barangays ………… Pages 72-74

Annex 4. Tabulated Data and Statistics …………………………………………………… Pages 75-94

Annex 5 - List of Key Persons Visited/ Interviewed ……………………………………… Pages 95-96

Annex 6- List of FGD and Survey Interview Participants ………………………………… Pages 97-101

60
 Annex 1. Suggested Training Courses/ Topics
Courses and Topics
1. Intensive Orientation on BCPC (A
Manual for the Orientation Team)
2. Juvenile Justice System
3. Case management
4. Criminal Investigation Course
5. Gender and Development
6. Training of Trainers
7. Community Organizing and
Community Development
8. Organizational Management
9. Values Formation
10. Leadership Development
11. Maternal and Reproductive Health
12. Family Nutrition
13. Family Life Development/Parenting
Seminar
14. Water Sanitation and
Hygiene/WASH
15. Livelihood Assistance:
Entrepreneurship, food security,
technology, financial management,
loan management, livestock
management, etc.
16. Monitoring and Evaluation
17. Stakeholders Conferences
Target Audience/s
MSWDO, PNP, MHO, Barangay Council,
BCPC, VAWC Members, DILG, MPDO,
LCPC, Communities, Other stakeholders
PNP. MSWDO
MSWDO, PNP, MOH, VAWC
PNP
All stakeholders/across levels
MSWDO, PNP, MHO, CSOs
Partner Organizations who will implement
community projects
Families/communities
MSWDO, PNP, MHO and communities
MSWDO, PNP, MHO and communities
MHO, Families, DepEd, schools/students
MHO, MAO, Families
Families
MHO, Families, Schools
Communities, Families
All Stakeholders
All Stakeholders
61
 Annex 2. Consolidated Results of FGDs Conducted in 10 Barangays

Participants: Barangay Chairman, Barangay Council (Kagawads) Barangay Secretary, Anti-VAWC

Officer, Day Care Worker, Midwife or Barangay Health Officer, BNS

Consolidated Results of the Focus Groups Discussions (FGD) Conducted in 10 Barangays in Catarman,
Bobon, Pambujan, Mondragon and San Jose.

1. Tell us some basic information about the Barangay?

Consolidated response:
Municipality Barangay Type Total No. Of Primary livelihoods Poverty situation
Name Population HH
Pambujan Caparanga Rural 2520 520 Fishing, coconut farming, Majority are poor
hired labor
Barangay 8 Urban 3763 803 Rice, coconut farming, Majority are poor
fishing, sari-sari stores,
Catarman Baybay Urban 1600 1120 Fishing, pedicab, Almost 50% are
motorcab, small stores, poor
junkshop, hired labor
Cervantes Rural- 3450 650 Copra making, abaca More than 50%
High Pop farming, kaingin are poor.
Mondragon San Antonio Rural- 778 137 Farming—abaca, coconut, High incidence of
(Interior) rice, habal-habal, tricycles poverty
Roxas Rural- 1297 252 Fishing (90%), abaca High incidence of
coastal poverty
San Jose Aguadahan Rural 1739 372 Fishing, vending, farming Majority are poor

62
 Tubigdanao Rural 716 154 Farming-coconut, rice; High incidence of
(Interior) hired labor, habal-habal poverty
Bobon Acerida Rural 1580 280 Gravel & sand, copra Majority of
(Interior) making,rice farming families are still
poor
Dangcalan Rural 2588 586 Copra making and rice Majority of
farming (90%), hired families are still
labor, construction poor

2. What are the common sources of water? What percentage of population has access to clean water?
Consolidated response:
Municipality Barangay Type/Sources of Water Percent with access to
Name clean water
Pambujan Caparanga Deep well is common; open well; bottled water for Less than 50% of HH
drinking for some families
Barangay 8 Pitcher’s pump/deep well almost 100%; Others buy 78% of HH
bottled water for drinking
Catarman Baybay Deep well and water pumps; About 5% are serviced 90% of HH
by NAWASA; Bottled water for drinking.
Cervantes Greater majority depends on spring water- Level 3 90% of HH
water system.
Mondragon San Antonio Deep well pumps with common faucets, open well 80% of HH
Roxas Pitcher pump; Others buy from water peddlers 80% of HH
San Jose Agudadahan Spring, pump, NAWASA 40% of HH
Tubigdanao Open well, jet matic pumps, water peddlers Less than 50% of HH
Bobon Acerida Deep well pumps, mineral water 60% of HH
Dangcalan Mostly pitcher pumps- individual HH or sharing. 80% of HH

3. What percent of population have access to sanitary toilets?

Consolidated response:
Municipality Barangay Percent of households with access Comments
Name to sanitary toilets
Pambujan Caparanga 50% have access to ST Low awareness and some attitude problems
Barangay 8 81% of HH have access to ST Those who have no toilets are mostly in the
coastal area, where it is difficult to build
septic tank in very soft and muddy soil
Catarman Baybay 87% of HH have access to ST Other HH just go to the seashore areas
Cervantes 38% of HH have access to ST Low awareness on proper sanitation
Mondragon San Antonio 80% of HH have access to ST Low awareness on proper sanitation
Roxas 40% of HH have access to ST Low awareness among families. Indigent
families cannot afford to build toilets
San Jose Agudadahan 73% of HH have access to ST Distribution of toilet bowls was done, but
low usage
Tubigdanao 50% of HH have access to ST Low awareness among poor families
Bobon Acerida 77% of HH have access to St Some poor families still have low awareness
and capacity to build sanitary toilets
Dangcalan More than 95%- only 21 HH have no Potential to achieve award for “Zero Open
access to ST Defecation” barangay

4. Child protection
4.1 Is there incidence of child abuse in the barangay? Can you give some statistics or records?
Responses:
Municipality Barangay Incidence of child abuse, neglect Other Comments
Name or exploitation

63
 Pambujan Caparanga 2 cases reported in 2017
Barangay 8 1 complaint per month but majority
of incident are minor offenses and
slight physical injuries
Catarman Baybay 4 cases in the last 3 years mostly
physical injuries
Cervantes Very few cases are reported- 1 or 2 a
year. But allegedly, there are
widespread cases of child labor.
Mondragon San Antonio Very few cases are reported mostly
minor physical injury. Child labor is
common.
Roxas Only 1 case reported this year and
few a few minor cases last year.
San Jose Aguadadahan 2 cases in 2017 and 1 case in 2018.
However, incidence of child labor is
perceived to be widespread among
poor families.
Tubigdanao 1 case of physical injury this year. A
few minor cases reported in previous
year.
Bobon Acerida 3 cases during the last 3 years,
mostly child violation of law like
theft; 1 sexual abuse case in 2018
Dangcalan 1 case in 2015 and 1 case in 2017
both are rape cases. Some cases of
child labor are perceived to be
practice but not reported.
1 case of molested child
There are complaints which are directly
reported by parents to MSWD or PNP; Some
cases are settled at the barangay especially if
the suspect is a family member or relative.
Other cases, particularly sexual abuse are
directly referred to the MSWD or PNP
Many parents asked their children to work in
the forest/ farm at a young age, which prevent
them from attending school
Children go to work in the farm with their
parents at a young age. There are also cases,
where children are employed at a young age
to earn money, thus unable to go to school.
Low reporting of cases involving family
members
Low reporting of cases involving family,
relatives. Some are afraid to report.
Allegedly there are cases of child labor –
parents usually engage their children to do
farm work, collect crablets at a young age and
thus, unable to go to school.
There are also incidents of child labor
practices
The sexual abuse case was reported directly
to the PNP.
Child labor practices exist-- parents employ
their children at young age—in construction
work or as house helper. Some children
however, prefer to work just to earn some
money, which their parents cannot provide.

4.2 Do you think that there are other incidences of child abuse, which are not reported?

Consolidated responses:
In almost all of the 10 barangays, the majority of the FGD participants think that there could be many cases of child abuse in
the area that are not reported. Some reasons why victims/ families or witnesses are hesitant to report cases are:

• Victims and witnesses are afraid or fearful of being harassed.

• Lack of knowledge of the available child protection services.
• Others prefer to keep quiet especially if the perpetuator is within the family.
• Just don’t care or don’t want to mess with other families.

In 1 barangay in Mondragon, there is a concern about some people, who are hesitant to report the incident when it happens
within the family, but if other individuals (outside the family) committed the crime, it is immediately reported in the Barangay,
with anticipation of settlement benefits later on.

Cases of child labor, which are perceived to be widespread in the barangays of Catarman, Mondragon, San Jose, Bobon and
Pambujan, are not formally reported and minimal or no actions are taken. In Baragany Cervantes, the officials are looking at
how they can provide livelihoods and employment to poor families to prevent or minimize such practices.

64
4.3 How are child abuses cases reported, recorded and acted upon at the Barangay level?

Pambujan: Complaints are commonly filed by parents, relatives or neighbors of the victim. They approach the Barangay
Chairman or VAWC. The Brgy Secretary records the complaint and prepares the blotter. If needed, the VAWC and Barangay
Chair/ Tanod visit the house to investigate and ask the suspect to report to the Barangay. For minor cases, settlement can
happen, otherwise, the case is referred to MSWD or PNP. Privacy is not observed during the interview. There are cases when
parents report the case directly to the PNP or MSWDO particularly for sexual abuse violation.

Catarman: In both barangays of Baybay and Cervantes, common complainants or reporters include parents, brothers and
relatives of victims. The complaint is filed at the Barangay or VAWC Committee. The Barangay Secretary records the
complaint and prepare blotter. In most cases, the report is investigated by the VAWC or Barangay Chair and referred to the
PNP or MSWD in the Poblacion. Photos of the victim of physical abuse are also taken. Withdrawals of complaints also happen
especially when the perpetuator is a relative or member of the family. Privacy and confidentiality are not properly observed.

Mondragon: In the two Barangays, parents and relatives of victims are the common reporters. The Barangay Secretary records
the incident, while the VAWC or other Barangay officials investigate and do interviews. Privacy and confidentiality are not
observed. Most minor cases/ offenses are settled in the Barangay, but others are also referred immediately to the MSWDO/PNP.

San Jose: In barangay Aguadahan, incidents of child abuse are reported to the Barangay either by parents or close relatives.
The Barangay Chair or VAWC Officer receive the complaint and recorded by the Barangay Secretary. The incident is
investigated by the VAWC or Barangay Chair and/or referred to the PNP or MSWD in the Poblacion for further investigation.
In barangay Tubigdanao, the reporting process is the same. But in most cases, the Barangay Secretary or Barangay Chairman
receive the complaints, where it is entered into the logbook by the Secretary and a blotter is prepared before endorsement to
MSWDO and/or PNP. The VAWC also helps the Barangay Chair/ Bgy Secretary during the investigation and referral of cases,
but it seems, the person is not very knowledgeable and may require reorientation or training about the role of VAWC and the
reporting protocols.

Bobon: In Acerida where cases are mostly children in conflict with the law or petty crimes, the parents are called by the VAWC
and given counseling. In some cases, when the victims are in danger, Barangay Protection Order is issued to protect the victim.
The VAWC Officer also makes home visit to investigate and gather evidences. If necessary, a blotter is prepared, and the case
is referred to MSWDO.

4.2 What do you think are the possible causes of child abuse / or risk factors associated with child abuse, neglect and
exploitation?
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Perceived causes / Risk factors on Child abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
Pambujan Cabaranga Poverty, early marriage, parents are stressed due to many problems
Barangay 8 Poverty, lack of parenting skills, no privacy due to limited space in the house;
children are separated from parents who are working in other places.
Catarman Baybay Poverty, quarrel in the family, drunkenness, and early marriage. Presence of
some migrants, who exploit young children to do illicit activities.
Cervantes Poverty-- limited livelihoods, low income
Mondragon San Antonio Limited livelihoods; lack of awareness on child rights
Roxas Lack of parenting skills, vices, poverty—when parents cannot provide the needs
of children, some children are forced to take any work just to earn money.
San Jose Aguadahan Limited livelihoods; low income of families; low awareness on children’s rights
and protection services.
Tubigdanao Lack of awareness; limited livelihoods; low income
Bobon Acerida Poor parenting/guidance skills; Lack of interest in education; Young adolescents
staying late outside.
Dangcalan Lack of education, vices, poverty and lack of work

65
4.2 What are the existing mechanisms / structures in the barangay on child abuse, neglect and exploitation?
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Structures/ mechanism
Pambujan Cabaranga Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, Barangay
Council, VAWC, BCPC,
Barangay Watch (Tanod)
Barangay 8 Same above
Catarman Baybay Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, Barangay
Council, VAWC, BCPC,
Barangay Watch (Tanod)
Cervantes Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, Barangay
Council, BCPC, VAWC
Mondragon San Antonio Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, Barangay
Council, BCPC, VAWC
Roxas Barangay Chairman,
Barangay Council,
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC, and concerns.
Barangay Watch (Tanod)
San Jose Aguadahan Barangay Chairman,
Barangay Council,
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC of child abuse. BCPC is currently not active. The
Tubigdanao Barangay Chairman,
Barangay Council,
Secretary, BCPC, VAWC child abuse complaints/ reports.
Bobon Acerida Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, VAWC,
Barangay Council, BCPC
Dangcalan Barangay Chairman,
Secretary, VAWC,
Barangay Council, BCPC
Functionality/ Comments
BCPC are not fully functioning; Barangay Council/
BCPC are reactive on child abuse concerns. The
Barangay Chairman, Secretary, and VAWC handle
child abuse complaints. VAWC Officer needs training
or re-orientation to increase knowledge in handling
cases.
Same above
BCPC are not fully functional; VAWC functions with
Barangay Chairman and Secretary but still need
additional trainings about their roles and responsibilities
in leading the Anti-VAWC Committee.
The Barangay Chairman, VAWC and other officials are
handling child abuse/ other concerns. Just recently, the
VAWC Officer attended training on child abuse and
exploitation. The BCPC is inactive.
BCPC is not functional; There is a VAWC Officer, who
may need to undergo additional training in responding
/handling cases of child abuse. Many residents are not
aware of the VAWC;
BCPC is not functional; The VAWC Officer is new.
The Barangay Chair/ officials handle children issues
The VAWC is still new and possibly needs re-
orientation or training to properly respond/handle cases
Barangay Chair/ officials handle child abuse cases and
other concerns.
The VAWC is not fully functioning. The Barangay
Chair and Secretary are more involved in handling
The Barangay Chair, Secretary and VAWC handle
reported cases of child abuse, but there could be
upcoming changes as a result of Barangay election.
They have attended the seminar on Anti-Violence
against Women and Children conducted by the Bobon
MSWDO in 2016
The Barangay Chair, Bgy Secretary and VAWC are
functional. They handle child abuse complaints. These
officials have attended the seminar on Anti-Violence
against Women and Children conducted by the Bobon
MSWDO in 2016

4.3 Who are the members of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC)?

Pambujan: The Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) was organized based on the DSWD-DILG guidelines
to operationalize the BCPC. Some barangay officials have attended meetings in Catarman regarding BCPC roles and functions.
Members of the BCPC includes: the Barangay Chairman, who is also the BCPC Chair, Members of of the Barangay Council,
Anti-VAWC Officer, Midwife or BHW, Day Care Worker, School principal, representatives from parents and local NGO or
PO.

66
Catarman: In the 2 barangays of Catarman, the process for the organization of BCPC was mostly the same as in Panbujan
(above). But in Barangay Cervantes, there is also representative from the church and international NGO – Plan International,
which attend BCPC meetings in the past.

Mondragon: In Barangay Roxas, the members of the BCPC includes the Barangay Chairman, who is also the BCPC Chair,
Barangay Council, Anti-VAWC Officer, Midwife, BHW, Day Care Worker, School principal, representatives from parents,
SK member and a local NGO representative in particular, the Center for Empowerment and Resource Development (CERD).

San Jose: In Barangay Aguadahan members of BCPC includes; Barangay Chair, Kagawad-Chair of Women, BNS, BHW,
Midwife, Principal, SK, PTA President, Chief Tanod, NGO/PO (Farmer’s Association or Women’s Association).

Bobon: Acerida and Dancalan barangays- members of BCPC are almost same as in San Jose. There are also NGO
representatives particularly from Plan International, Couples for Christ and Women’s Association.

4.5. Describe the functionality of your BCPC? How often they meet? Is there Plans and Budgets for Children? Is the Local
code for children implemented?
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Meetings Plans for 1% Budget Allocation Local Code for
Name Children from IRA Children
Pambujan Caparanga No regular No annual Allocate 1% to cover some No Local Code for
meeting - plan expenses for DCC, feeding, Children.
reactive referrals- P20,000 plus/yr
Barangay 8 No regular No annual Allocate 1% to cover some No Local Code for
meeting- plan expenses for DCC, feeding, Children.
reactive referrals- P31,160/yr
Catarman Baybay No regular No annual BC provides funds for No Local Code for
meeting- plan and children as needed Children.
reactive budget
Cervantes No regular No annual No regular allocation of Adopt the Municipal
meeting- plan 1%. In the past it covers Code for Children
reactive some expenses for DCC,
feeding, referrals and
seminars
Mondragon San Antonio No meeting No annual There is no allocation No Local Code for
plan and made. Fund for children is Children
budget given as needed.
Roxas No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA to No Local Code for
meeting- plans cover some expenses for Children
reactive DCC, feeding, referrals and
seminars- P17 k
San Jose Aguadahan No regular No annual Allocate 1% of IRA, whic No Local Code for
meeting- plan is used mostly for children, but starting
reactive alternative feeding. this year, the BC will
P2,0000 plus adopt the “Children
Welfare Code of San
Jose” as per municipal
ordinance.
Tubigdanao No meeting NO annual No allocation of 1% of No Local Code for
plan and IRA Children
budget
Bobon Acerida No regular NO annual No allocation of 1% of No Local Code for
meeting- plan and IRA Children
reactive budget

67
 Dangcalan Quarterly in In the past, Allocate 1% of IRA for No Local Code for
the past,but Plan children, P5,000 Children
have stopped. International
helps facilitate
BCPC
meeting/
planning

Additional comments:
- Almost all of the barangays promote children’s rights during Barangay Assembly Meetings although not all parents
are able to attend. The schools also conduct sessions on Children’s Rights with parents and children.

- Issues and concerns about children are included in the agenda of the Barangay Council meeting as the BCPC seldom
convenes meeting.

4.6 What policies or local ordinances on children wellbeing are implemented in the Barangay?
- Pambujan:
Bgy. Cabaranga- there is a local ordinance on curfew hours.
Barangay 8 - has not issued any ordinance yet.

- Catarman:
Bgy. Baybay - no specific policy on children, but children’s rights are promoted during Barangay Assemblies
Brgy. Cervantes- a curfew ordinance is affected when necessary; the barangay also adopted the municipal ordinance
about corporal punishment (bawal mamalo at magmura sa bata).

- Mondragon:
Bgy. San Antonio – impose curfew hours for children whenever necessary.
Bgy. Roxas - impose curfew hours for children whenever necessary.

- San Jose:
Bgy. Aguadahan – no specific policy, but according to the Barangay Chairman, they will adopt the Child Welfare
Code of San Jose this year, as there is already a Municipal Ordinance issued recently.
Bgy. Tubigdanao – there is no specific policy on child protection and wellbeing.

- Bobon:
Bgy. Acerida – no specific policy or ordinance on child protection and wellbeing.
Bgy. Dangcalan – there is a policy ordinance banning stores to sell cigarettes and liquor to children.
Curfew hours for young people is also implemented when necessary

5. Health & Nutrition

5.1 What available health care facilities, manpower and services available at the Barangay.
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Facilities Personnel Regular services
Pambujan Cabaranga 1 Brgy . Health 13 BHWs, 1 midwife, 2 Nurses Checkup, vaccination,
Center with Lyin-in immunization, pre-natal,
facility OPT, BP check, delivery,
feeding at DCC, home visits

68
 Barangay 8 1 Brgy. Health Midwife, Nurses and BHWs, Checkup, vaccination,
Center with Lyin-in BNS (exact number not immunization, prenatal, OPT,
facility available) BP check, delivery, feeding
at DCC, home visits
Catarman Baybay 1 Brgy. Health 49 BHWs, 3 Nurses, 1 Pre-natal services,
Center Midwife Vaccination/immunization,
OPT, BP check, vitamins
supplementation. For
adolescent, family planning
sessions and consulting
Cervantes 1 Brgy. Health 36 BHWs, 1 Midwife, 1 Nurse Pre-natal services,
Center with Lyin-in Vaccination/immunization,
facility OPT, BP check, vitamins
supplementation
Mondragon San Antonio No Health Center. 1 BHW House to house visits; BP
Access the facilities check; OPT; Vaccination,
of Nenita Health Immunization
Station in nearby
barangay
Roxas No Health Center. 6 BHWs Provide medicine for
Access the facilities Schistosomiasis, vaccination
of Bugko Health and immunization, pre-natal,
Station in OPT, etc.
neighboring bgy
San Jose Aguadahan 1 Brgy. Health 8 BHWs, 1 Midwife, 1 Nurse Provide pre-natal,
Center, complete Immunization, vaccination
facility except services; OPT and other basic
emergency vehicle. health care services.
Tubigdanao 1 Brgy. Health 5 BHW, 1 Midwife, 1 Nurse, 1 Provide basic health services.
Center BNS Water is sometimes a
problem at the Center esp
during dry months.
Bobon Acerida 1 Brgy. Health 14 BHWs, 1 Midwife, 2 Provide medicines, pre-natal,
Center- with lying in Nurses, 1 BNS Immunization, vaccination
facility; there is also services; OPT and other basic
ambulance health care services.
Dancalan 1 Brgy. Health 9 BHW, 1 Midwife, 3 Nurses Provide medicines, pre-natal,
Center Immunization, vaccination
services; OPT and other basic
health care services.

5.2 What is the status of malnutrition in your area?

Pambujan: There are still cases of underweight, wasted and stunted children in the 2 Barangays visited. Barangay 8 is ranked
#16 out of the 26 Barangays in Pambujan in terms of malnutrition prevalence. The trend is generally decreasing but also
fluctuates due to irregular feeding program according to the Barangay Health workers.

Catarman: There are also cases of malnutrition in Baybay. There are 10 cases of severely wasted and 45 moderately wasted
in 2017. Common illnesses include fever, cough and colds and diarrhea.
In Cervantes, there is also incidence of malnutrition among children, which fluctuates periodically due to intermittent feeding
programs.

Mondragon: Bgy San Antonio has 5 cases of underweight, 31 cases of wasting and 19 cases of stunting for children 0-6 years
old. In Bgy. Roxas there are 14 cases of severe underweight and 28 moderately underweight.

69
San Jose: According to the Barangay Health Workers/ BNS, incidence of malnutrition still persists, although the trend is going
down. In Barangay Aguadahan, prevalence rate is 17.5% underweight, 4.6% wasting, and 23.7% stunting among children 0-6
years old.

Bobon: In both Barangays, the prevalence of malnutrition is going down in the last 3 years, due to feeding programs and basic
health care services. In Barangay Dancalan, the malnutrion is also down with prevalence of 8.2% stunting, 10% wasting and
about 3% underweight. Bobon is a recipient of UNICEF program on WASH-Nutrition.

6. Education
6.1 What are the available educational facilities for children in the Barangay?
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Facilities Regular services Common concerns
Pambujan Cabaranga 1 Day Care Center with 1 Feeding programs/ECCD DCC has only 1 room
teacher Kinder, elementary
Elementary school –
Kinder to Grade 6
Barangay 8 2 Day Care Centers with Feeding programs/ECCD Some parents do not
3 teachers Kinder, elementary participate in assigned
Elementary School – cooking activity in DCC
Kinder to Grade 6
Catarman Baybay 1 Day Care Center with 2 Feeding program/ECCD HS and colleges are easily
teachers Kinder-elementary accessible in adjacent
Elementary School Barangays of Catarman.

Cervantes 2 Day Care Centers with
2 teachers
Elementary school –
Kinder to Grade 6
1 High School
Mondragon San Antonio 1 Day Care Center with 1
teacher (use Bgy Hall as
classroom)
1 Elem School from
kinder to Grade 6
Roxas 1 Day Care Center with 1
teacher
3 Elem School from
kinder to Grade 6
Feeding program- DCC and
Deped
Kinder, elementary and HS
Feeding program/ ECCD
Kinder, elementary
Feeding program – DCC and
Deped
Kinder and elementary
Budget for feeding
program are delayed. 1
DCC building is made of
light materials only and
needs improvement. Other
needs of DCC are books,
toys.
The Day Care Center has
no building of its own.
Classes are held at the
Bgy Hall, which is not
allowed by DILG. Also,
supplies and learning
materials are inadequate.
Children in Roxas go to
HS in adjacent Barangay
of Bugko, where the
National HS is located.

San Jose Aguadahan 1 Day Care Center with 1 Feeding programs both DCC Budget for feeding
teacher and Deped programs from DSWD are
1 Elem School from ECCD delayed since 2017
Kinder to Grade 6 Elem education
Tubigdanao 1 Day care Center with 1 Feeding programs both DCC Delayed budget for
teacher and Deped feeding program at DCC;
1 Elementary School- ECCD The DCC building is
kinder to Grade 6 Elem education already 18 years old and
needs repair.
Bobon Acerida 1 Day Care Center -2 Feeding program Both DCC and DepEd
teachers ECCD have feeding programs

70
 Barangay Integrated
School (Kinder-Elem and
HS)
Dancalan 2 Day Care Centers-2
teachers
1 Elementary school from
Kinder-Grade 6
Kinder, elementary and HS
education
Feeding program, Both DCC and DepED
Supervised Neighborhood Play have feeding programs
ECCD
Elem education

6.2 What other recreational facilities area available for children and youth in your area?
Consolidated responses:
Municipality Barangay Name Recreational Facilities
Pambujan Caparanga Basketball court, school playground
Barangay 8 Basketball covered court, school playground, school library
Catarman Baybay Basketball covered court, plaza, school playground, school library, internet cafes
Cervantes Basketball covered court, school playground, school library
Mondragon San Antonio Basketball court, school playground
Roxas Basketball court, school playground
San Jose Aguadahan Basketball covered court, school playground, school library (no internet and
computer facility)
Tubigdanao School playground, school library
Bobon Acerida Basketball covered court; school playgrounds, school libraries
Dangcalan Basketaball court, school playgrounds, school libraries

7. What other issues/ concerns and suggestions do you have regarding child abuse and improvement of child well-being in the
barangay?

Pambujan:
- Re-orientation or additional training for VAWC Officer and BCPC.
- Educational campaigns on children’s rights in the Barangay.
- Education for boys and girls to clarify their rights

Catarman:
Baybay:
- Some residents and barangay officials are not fully aware of the Local Code for Children, but most of them seem to
be knowledgeable about children’s rights as they are promoted in school and barangay assembly meetings.
- Strengthening of VAWC and BCPC is needed
Cervantes:
- Improvement of DCC facilities, lack of equipment, toys, playrooms; Health Center is also lacking in medicines.
- Providing livelihoods and employment is also a major concern in the barangay to prevent child labor.

Mondragon:
San Antonio:
- Need help to build a Day Care Center building and augment its facilities and supplies, such as books, toys and play
areas for kids. Current DCC hold classes at the small Barangay Hall.
No feeding program since last year.
Needs reorientation/ trainings of VAWC and BCPC
Roxas:
- No feeding program for almost two years now; DCC lacks play toys, books and other supplies;
One of the 3 elementary school building is just a makeshift facility and needs improvement.

71
 - In both barangays, there is an observation by some parents/ local officials that some children are becoming hard-
headed and stubborn now that they are aware of their rights, which sometimes create problem in disciplining them.

San jose:
Aguadahan:
- Some parents are hesitant to send their children to school.
- Livelihood and employment is a major concern, especially among families that engage their children to work at a
young age.
- Delayed budgets for feeding programs.
- Reactivation and strengthening of BCPC
TubigDanao:
- One major concern is the spread of child labor, where young boys are asked to work in copra making, hauling and
construction. There are also some cases where children are being employed as house helper at the age of 13-15.
- Other issues are early marriage; some children have stopped attending school; and unemployment

Bobon:
- Young adolescents stay outside late at night.
- There are still parents who are hesitant to send their children to school.
- Reactivation of BCPC

72
 Annex 3. Consolidated Results of Community Awareness Survey in 10 Barangays

The survey interview was conducted in 10 selected Barangays of the Municipalities of Bobon,
Catarman, Mondragon, Pambujan and San Jose. There were 104 respondents, 92 are female and 12
male. About 91 are married, 12 are single and 1 widow. Average age of respondents is 44.

RESULTS: (Consolidated and Translated to English)

1. Awareness on the Existence of Programs on Health, Education and Nutrition

About 59-63% of respondents have confirmed the existence and accessibility of health, education and
nutrition programs and services in the Barangays.

• Programs and services for health include vaccination, immunization, OPT, deworming, vitamin
supplementation and treatment of schistosomiasis.
• For education, the respondents mentioned the presence of Day Care Center/SNP, Kinder to
Elementary Education, Barangay Scholarship and provision of school supplies (San Jose).
• For nutrition, the most common response is feeding program and the promotion of gardening
particularly in barangays of Catarman, Bobon and San Jose.

2. Awareness on the presence of agencies/ organizations, government offices, NGOs providing

services in the barangay.

Respondents have shown familiarity of the different LGU offices attending to health, nutrition and
education needs of the local population such as MSWD, DSWD, DOH, Philhealth and Deped. In
barangays of Bobon, San Jose and Catarman other international organizations were also mentioned
notably the UNICEF in Bobon as well as Plan International. Other agencies mentioned that specifically
provide skills trainings include: CARD, ASA Microfinance in San Jose; CBCP and TESDA in Pambujan
73
and Bobon. For the protection of children, the respondents listed MSWD/ DSWD, PNP, Plan International
and CBCP and DOLE in San Jose.

3.Facilities for Children

About 75 percent of respondents confirmed the presence of health centers; 90 percent for Day Care
Centers; 57percent on the inadequacy of children’s playground; and 86 percent on presence of libraries
Almost all indicated that the only available recreation or playground for children are basketball courts and
school playgrounds available in most elementary schools.

4. Awareness on the existence of Local Code for Children and Ordinances for Children
There is low awareness on the Local Code for Children with 81 percent of respondents who said they are
not aware of it. But the majority of respondents are familiar with children’s rights, which they mostly
learn from attending Barangay assembly meetings, Parents Effectiveness seminars (4Ps), and school
seminars.

About 81 percent said there are no local or barangay ordinance for children in their barangay, except for
a two barangays Pambujan and Bobon with curfew hours and ordinance for prohibiting stores to sell
alcoholic drinks and cigarettes to young children.

5. Knowledge where to report incidence or cases of child abuse

When asked where to report possible cases of child abuse, majority of respondents gave multiple answers
with 71 percent of respondents saying in the Barangay, 78 percent in MSWD and 60 percent to the PNP.
Only about 18 percent mentioned the Anti-VAWC Committee, 2 percent-DSWD and 2 percent -Bantay-
Bata in 1 barangay in Mondragon.

6. Knowledge whether there is a local official assigned to handle cases of abuse in the Barangay and
who that person maybe.
For this question, a high of 92 percent said that there are local officials assigned to handle cases of child
abuse. As to whom, respondents listed multiple officials: 46 percent of respondent said -Barangay
Captain; 13 percent -Barangay Kagawads; 13 percent Anti-VAWC; 10 percent Barangay officials; 11
percent Barangay Secretary; 7 percent Barangay Council; and 10 percent no answer.

7. Question whether the respondent will not hesitate to report any knowledge of child abuse
A high 97 percent of respondents said, they will not hesitate to report incidence of child abuse in the area,
although some of those who responded positively will report only if they personally witness the incident.
About 3 percent said they will not report for fear of being harassed, afraid and don’t want to be involved
and be labeled as a bad person, and limited knowledge about the process and protective services available.

8. Whether respondents have attended seminar on Children’s Rights

74
 About 68 or 65 percent of respondents said
they have attended seminars on children’s
rights. As to where the seminars or trainings
were held, 22 percent said in the barangay,
14 percent in school, 13 percent during 4Ps
educational sessions, 8 percent with
MSWD, 4 percent PNP, 3 percent in Plan
sponsored seminar, 4 percent in the
Mayor’s Office, 2 percent in Church/CBCP,
and 1 percent at the Women Center in
Cervantes.

9. When asked whether they have

participated/ attended in community
actions:
The majority about 64 or 62 percent said
they have not participated. The 38 percent, who said they have participated in community actions cited
the type of activities they have as: Barangay Assembly meetings, 4Ps meetings and other activities, and
school meetings and seminars pertaining to children’s rights.

10. As to whether they believe that corporal punishment (pamamalo sa bata) is a good way to discipline a
child. About 50 or 48 percent of respondents said yes, indicating that there is still attachment to this local
norm in disciplining of children. When asked whether it is also the sentiment or common belief in the
community, only 27 percent of respondents said yes, the rest said they do not know.

11. Suggestions from respondents on where to focus actions and programs to better safeguard and protect
children in the community.

• Increase knowledge and awareness of the community on CANE through seminars for the
residents/parents and Barangay officials.
• Ensure child safety and security by imposing curfew hours; and strengthening joint efforts of
parents, barangay officials and schools in the safeguarding of children and youth.
• More support for education like improvement of Day Care Center and Elementary school
facilities; providing more supplies and teaching materials for Day Care Centers, and
encouragement of parents to send their children to school and finish their schooling.
• Improve parenting skills– teaching parents to properly care and discipline their children, reduce
vices and improve parents-child relationships
• Provide livelihoods to parents and children more than 15 years old to increase family income and
better cope with household and other needs.
• Do something about the growing problem of child labor through livelihoods, employment and
job placement.

75
 Annex 4- Tabulated Data and Statistics

Table 1- List of Municipalities / Number of Barangays of Northern Samar

Income
Class Land Area
Term Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of
as Total Number Island Number of Lowland Urban Rural GIDA
Municipality Mayor Mayor (hectares) of Brgys Brgys Upland Brgys Brgys Brgys Brgys Brgys
Allen Laureana D. Suan 3rd 5th 4,750 20 0 4 16 5 15
Beri Antonio B. delos Reyes Jr. 2nd 5th 2,800 8 4 1 7 1 7 1
Bobon Reny A. Celespara 3rd 4th 13,000 18 0 5 13 4 14
Capul Isidro S. Bandal 2nd 5th 3,500 12 0 0 12 5 7
Catarman Francisco C. Rosales Jr. 2nd 1st 28,540 55 0 33 22 22 33
Catubig Galahad O. Vicencio 2nd 3rd 27,630 47 0 12 35 8 39
Gamay Timoteo T. Capoquian Jr. 3rd 4th 11,510 26 0 5 21 8 18
Laoang Hector L. Ong 2nd 21,470 56 9 0 47 6 50
Lapinig Ma. Luisa A. Menzon 3rd 5th 5,700 15 0 2 13 2 13
Las Navas Minda M. Tan 3rd 4th 21,100 53 0 0 0 3 50
Lavezares Saludaga B. Quintin 3rd 4th 11,950 26 5 6 9 4 22
Lope de Vega Ana T. Palloc 2nd 4th 28,000 22 0 12 10 1 21
Mapanas Francis John L. Tejano 5th 12,170 13 0 6 7 5 8 6
Mondragon Mario M. Madera 2nd 3rd 28,900 24 0 14 10 2 22
Palapag Manuel J. Aoyang 2nd 3rd 17,960 32 1 0 31 5 27
Pambujan Felipe A. Sosing 1st 4th 15,500 26 0 11 15 0 26
Rosario Gerardo P. Miranda 2nd 5th 3,160 11 2 4 5 3 8
San Antonio Rudy S. Baguioso 3rd 5th 2,750 10 0 0 10 3 7
San Isidro Ferdinand C. Avila 1st 4th 25,600 14 0 2 12 6 8
San Jose Clarence E. Dato 1st 5th 2,820 16 0 5 11 4 12
San Roque Don L. Abalon 2nd 4th 18,310 16 0 0 0 7 9
San Vicente Tito M. Luneza 2nd 6th 1,590 7 2 2 3 0 7
Silvino Lobos Remedios T. Espinar 1st 4th 22,420 26 0 26 0 0 26 26
Victoria Jose G. Ardales 3rd 5th 18,670 16 0 8 8 3 13
569 23 158 317 107 462 33
Total 349,800

Source: LGUs/ DILG NS

Table 2- Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Municipality

Municipality 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 2013 2014 2015

NORTHERN SAMAR 383,654 454,195 500,639 549,759 589,013 619,406 629,682 632,379

ALLEN 15,404 17,972 20,066 22,334 23,738 24,996 25,402 25,469

BIRI 7,467 8,866 8,700 10,649 10,987 11,747 12,082 11,767
BOBON 13,687 15,800 16,851 19,765 20,956 22,327 22,897 23,668
CAPUL 9,510 9,964 10,619 11,289 12,659 13,355 13,590 12,679
CATARMAN 50,965 61,705 67,671 81,067 84,833 90,549 93,001 94,037
CATUBIG 22,057 25,190 26,917 29,433 31,723 33,374 33,894 33,025
GAMAY 15,764 19,457 21,314 21,537 22,425 22,902 22,853 23,511
LAOANG 42,048 47,438 54,523 56,196 58,037 59,464 59,432 61,359
LAPINIG 8,232 9,813 10,798 11,198 11,744 12,104 12,135 13,020
LAS NAVAS 22,017 25,031 29,346 32,197 36,539 38,941 39,944 37,947
LAVEZARES 19,058 20,492 23,991 26,131 27,464 28,686 28,990 28,770
LOPE DE VEGA 9254 11,947 11,754 12,173 13,542 14,698 14,968 14,687
MAPANAS 7,553 9,377 11,151 12,221 12,423 14,167 14,333 14,025
MONDRAGON 21,399 25,504 28,098 32,718 35,318 12,885 12,966 38,726
PALAPAG 20,114 24,947 30,520 31,398 33,453 37,720 38,762 34,286
PAMBUJAN 18,389 22,152 25,394 27,837 31,057 34,549 34,678 33,062
ROSARIO 6,699 8,626 8,647 8,920 10,214 32,962 33,698 10,520
SAN ANTONIO 7,164 7,984 7,915 8,151 8,877 10,751 10,923 9,058
SAN ISIDRO 18,353 22,991 22,847 23,573 24,952 9,223 9,291 26,650
SAN JOSE 10,773 12,556 13,564 15,185 16,079 25,745 25,827 17,561
SAN ROQUE 13,856 18,094 19,845 22,897 26,323 16,940 17,221 30,580
SAN VICENTE 5,777 5,970 5,831 6,506 7,447 28,445 29,545 7,856
SILVINO LOBOS 9,071 11,028 12,645 13,761 14,303 7,982 8,228 15,299
VICTORIA 9,043 11,291 11,632 12,623 13,920 14,894 15,022 14,817
Source: Philippines Statics Authority (PSA)
Data for 2013 and 2014 from DILG

77
Table 3- Total Population by Age Group, Sex, and Municipality: 2015

Municipality 0-4 0 - 14 15 - 64 18 yrs & over 60 yrs & over 65 yrs & over
ALLEN 2,626 8,119 15874 15,638 2,180 1476
BIRI 1,208 4,126 7038 6,682 889 603
BOBON 2,870 8,854 13766 12,988 1,555 1048
CAPUL 1,321 4,474 7316 7,220 1,233 889
CATARMAN 11,157 34,091 56145 52,611 5,920 3801
CATUBIG 3,885 12,649 18469 17,853 2,726 1907
GAMAY 2,524 8,146 13989 13,680 1,992 1376
LAOANG 7,010 22,770 34973 34,000 5,295 3616
LAPINIG 1,467 4,551 7735 7,466 1,047 734
LAS NAVAS 4,897 15,391 20881 19,749 2,538 1675
LAVEZARES 3,311 10,303 16804 16,330 2,432 1663
LOPE DE VEGA 1,812 5,598 8434 7,929 976 655
MAPANAS 1,819 5,523 7849 7,374 920 653
MONDRAGON 4,824 15,060 22039 20,591 2,482 1627
PALAPAG 4,130 13,172 19104 18,656 2,869 2010
PAMBUJAN 4,310 13,211 18325 17,248 2,282 1526
ROSARIO 1,217 3,965 6070 5,712 725 485
SAN ANTONIO 895 2,934 5431 5,501 1,033 693
SAN ISIDRO 3,095 9,436 15778 15,229 2,120 1436
SAN JOSE 2,111 6,498 10171 9,807 1,316 892
SAN ROQUE 3,853 11,353 17971 16,841 1,895 1256
SAN VICENTE 800 2,489 4879 4,856 750 488
SILVINO LOBOS 2,033 6,122 8617 8,063 907 560
VICTORIA 1,717 5,434 8541 8,317 1,244 842
total 74,892 234,269 366199 350,341 47,326 31911
Source: PSA- 2016

78
Table 4- Number of Households, Population of MAWRA and 4Ps Beneficiaries by Municipality

Municipality Total Household Population Total MAWRA Population HH Beneficiaries of

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 4Ps Program
ALLEN 5,140 5,441 5,543 3,081 3,131 3,182 1,419
BIRI 2,200 2,265 2,269 1,448 1,489 1,523 993
BOBON 3,559 3,814 4,873 2,752 2,822 2,882 2,027
CAPUL 2,520 2,569 2,504 1,646 1,675 1,703 981
CATARMAN 16,463 16,580 19,091 11,160 11,462 11,715 6,461
CATUBIG 5,907 6,654 6,514 4,113 4,177 4,243 1,922
GAMAY 4,678 4,073 5,263 2,823 2,817 2,829 2,096
LAOANG 11,865 11,845 12,283 7,329 7,325 7,365 5,232
LAPINIG 2,391 2,435 2,483 1,492 1,496 1,507 689
LAS NAVAS 6,628 7,662 7,133 4,799 4,923 5,028 2,789
LAVEZARES 6,628 5,697 6,133 3,536 3,573 3,618 2,323
LOPE DE VEGA 2,677 2,677 2,785 1,746 1,767 1,790 894
MAPANAS 2,349 2,349 7,593 1,588 1,598 1,614 1,004
MONDRAGON 7,549 7,609 6,957 4,649 4,777 4,884 2,677
PALAPAG 6,760 6,996 6,115 4,258 4,274 4,310 2,327
PAMBUJAN 4,993 6,152 2,080 4,063 4,153 4,234 1,551
ROSARIO 2,186 2,186 1,880 1,325 1,346 1,367 874
SAN ANTONIO 1,933 1,930 5,666 1,137 1,145 1,157 605
SAN ISIDRO 5,226 5,307 3,907 3,173 3,183 3,208 2,042
SAN JOSE 3,543 3,544 5,106 2,088 2,122 2,157 1,414
SAN ROQUE 4,765 4,731 1,644 3,506 3,641 3,742 1,608
SAN VICENTE 1,506 1,506 2,735 984 1,014 1,038 636
SILVINO LOBOS 1,506 2,765 3,215 1,836 1,851 1,873 1,131
VICTORIA 2,493 2,493 2,847 1,812 1,845 1,876 1,040
Total 110,325 113,839 126,619 73,263 74,475 75,663 44,735
Source: DILG, PSA and DSWD

79
Table 5- CANE Cases Reported to MSWDOs per Municipality (2013-15)

Municipality Neglected Physically abused Children at risk Child Trafficking Acts of Lasciviousness Attempted rape Child rape
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
Allen 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 1
Beri 0 0 0 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1
Bobon 0 0 1 5 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 10
Capul 4 2 1 3
Catarman 5 3 1 1 0 5 6
Catubig
Gamay 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Laoang 4 9 13 3 1 1 3 4 3
Lapinig 5 2 2
Las Navas
Lavezares 0 0 0 1 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2
Lope de Vega 6 0 0 5 4 11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Mapanas 1 2
Mondragon 1
Palapag 9 1 2 1
Pambujan 0 4 0 2 7 8 3 3 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 1 0
Rosario 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0
San Antonio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Isidro 0 0 0 5 2 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 2
San Jose 0 0 0 9 5 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1
San Roque 0 0 0 0 7 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 1
San Vicente 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Silvino Lobos
Victoria 0 0 0 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1
TOTAL 6 4 1 47 70 91 3 3 3 13 3 2 15 19 13 6 7 7 17 33 31
Source: MSWDOs
Continuation of Table 6- CANE cases reported to MSWD

Municipality Statutory rape Incest Children in conflict with the Totals

law
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
Allen 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 3 21
Biri 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 18
Bobon 0 0 0 0 0 0 55
Capul 1 11
Catarman 1 1 10 11 7 51
Catubig 0
Gamay 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 13
Laoang 1 2 44
Lapinig 5 14
Las Navas 0
Lavezares 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 21
Lope de Vega 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8 47
Mapanas 1 4
Mondragon 14 23 11 49
Palapag 13
Pambujan 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 48
Rosario 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 15
San Antonio 3 13
San Isidro 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 2 29
San Jose 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 35
San Roque 0 0 0 0 0 0 30
San Vicente 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Silvino Lobos 0
Victoria 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 16
TOTAL 3 1 4 0 0 6 56 54 32 550

81
Table 6- CANE Cases Reported to SN PNP by Municipality (2013-15)

Municipality Children in conflict with Physically abused Acts of lasciviousness Attempted rape Child rape Statutory rape Incest
the law
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
Allen 2 1 5 3 5 3 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2
Beri 0 2 0 3 3 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bobon 0 0 1 5 14 10 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capul 4 2 2 1 3 1
Catarman 10 11 7 5 5 7 5 3 1 5 6 2
Catubig 1 6 5 6 2 1 2 1 2 3
Gamay 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Laoang 4 1 3
Lapinig 1 5 2
Las Navas
Lavezares 1 0 1 1 4 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lope de Vega 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mapanas
Mondragon 14 23 11 1
Palapag 2 2 2 9 1 2 1
Pambujan 3 3 0 2 7 8 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rosario 2 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
San Antonio
San Isidro 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Jose 1 1 5 9 5 10 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Roque 0 0 0 0 7 12 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
San Vicente 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Silvino Lobos
Victoria 2 0 0 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 37 46 35 50 73 81 16 12 15 4 4 6 17 30 26 3 2 1 0 0 3
Source: SNPNP

82
Continuation of Table 7… Cane cases reported to NSPNP

Municipality Child trafficking Kidnapping Violation of RA9995 Totals

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
Allen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31
Biri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18
Bobon 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 57
Capul 13
Catarman 67
Catubig 1 1 1 1 33
Gamay 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
Laoang 8
Lapinig 5 13
Las Navas 0
Lavezares 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
Lope de Vega 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Mapanas 0
Mondragon 49
Palapag 19
Pambujan 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 37
Rosario 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
San Antonio 0
San Isidro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
San Jose 0 1 0 37
San Roque 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27
San Vicente 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Silvino Lobos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Victoria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
TOTAL 0 5 3 0 1 3 0 5 0 478
Source: NS PNP

83
Tables 7a and 7b - Number and type of CANE Cases filed with PNP – Year 2016 and 2017

Type and Number of Cases at PNP (2016)

Municipality Children in Physical Acts of Attempte Child Murder Incest Child Consented Kidnapping Total
conflict abuse/inj Lascivious d rape rape trafficking abduction
with law/ uries ness
Thief
Bobon 3 1 4 8
Catarman 4 2 1 7 1 15
Mondragon 1 4 3 8
Pambujan . 5 1 6
San Jose 4 3 1 8
TOTAL 0 17 6 8 11 1 0 0 0 0 45

Type and Number of Cases filed at PNP (2017)

Municipality Children in Physical Acts of Attempted Child Murder Incest Anti- Consented Kidnapping/f Total
conflict abuse/inj Lascivious rape rape bullying abduction ailure to
with law uries ness return
Bobon 1 1 1** 1 1** 4
Catarman 1 14 3 1 10 1 30
Mondragon 4 8* 12
Pambujan 3 1 4
San Jose 3 3 6
TOTAL 1 21 9 12 11 1 1 1 56

84
Tables 8a and 8b. Number and Types of CASES recorded at the MSWDO (Year 2016 and 2017)

Type and Number of Cases in MSWDO record (2016)

Municipality Children in Physical Acts of Attempte Child Statutory Neglect Anti- Consented Custodial Total
conflict with abuse Lascivious d rape rape rape bullying abduction problem
law/ Thief ness
Bobon 5 2 1 2 10
Catarman 2 6 2 2 1 18 31
Mondragon 1 4 3 8
Pambujan 5 0 8* 1300** 13
San Jose 3 3* 6
TOTAL 7 15 8 15 4 0 1 0 0 18 68
*recorded as sexual abuse
**potentially neglected

Type and Number of Cases in MSWDO record (2017)

Municipality Children in Physical Acts of Attempte Child Statutory Neglect Anti- Consented Custodial Total
conflict with abuse Lascivious d rape rape rape bullying abduction problem
law ness
Bobon 2 1 1 1 5
Catarman 2 15 6 2 2 0 16+20 at 0 0 12 65
risk
Mondragon 4 8* 12
Pambujan 2 4 1315* 6
San Jose 3 3 6
TOTAL 4 20 11 17 3 0 36 1 0 12 94
*Note: in Mondragon, the MSWDO used the data from PNP, since the SW is new. Cannot find/ retrieve previous data

**potentially neglected

85
Table 9- Number and Percent of HH with Access to Sanitation Facility, by Municipality

Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total Total Total
Total HH HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST %
ALLEN 5441 4514 82 5441 4315 79 6059 4980 82
BIRI 2265 1517 67 2325 1637 70 2408 1624 67
BOBON 3814 2058 59 4214 2894 69 4704 2670 57 5518 4355 78.9%
CAPUL 2569 1472 57 2599 1599 60 2614 1595 61
CATARMAN 16580 9949 60 16984 9940 59 18044 10767 60 21446 13338 62.2%
CATUBIG 6654 4896 73 6492 4898 75 6863 5629 82
GAMAY 4073 2176 53 3827 2086 54 3831 2107 55
LAOANG 11845 6829 58 11467 7321 64 12257 7703 63
LAPINIG 2435 1251 54 2438 1252 51 2522 1319 52
LAS NAVAS 7662 3383 44 8662 5312 61 8762 5312 61
LAVEZARES 5697 5070 89 5697 5045 89 5697 4952 87
LOPE DE
VEGA 2677 1354 50 2747 1505 55 2747 1657 60
MAPANAS 2349 1477 62 2349 1488 63 2349 1548 66
MONDRAGON 7609 5099 67 7926 3545 45 6749 2475 36 6764 2514 37.2%
PALAPAG 6996 5520 79 7004 5414 77 7484 5858 78
PAMBUJAN 6152 3875 63 6218 4032 65 6410 4051 64 6871 4409 64.2%
ROSARIO 2186 1091 50 2234 1126 50 2234 1172 53
SAN ANTONIO 1930 1196 62 2207 1487 67 2212 1514 68
SAN ISIDRO 5307 4729 89 5608 4430 79 5608 4432 79
SAN JOSE 3544 1953 55 3606 2033 56 3707 2113 57 3894 2414 62.0%
SAN ROQUE 4731 2780 59 4993 2880 58 5300 3050 58
SAN VICENTE 1680 689 41
SILVINO
LOBOS 2765 821 30 2800 931 33 2800 665 24
VICTORIA 2493 2013 81 2493 2013 81 3217 2640 82
117774 75023 63.7 120331 77183 64 126258 80522 63
Source: Provincial Health Office-2016/ RHUs for 2017

86
Table 10-Number and Percent of HH with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality

Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total Total Total Total
HH HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST % HHs HH w/ ST %
ALLEN 5140 3681 72 5441 4354 80 5441 4390 80
BIRI 2200 1649 75 2265 1773 78 2325 1845 79
BOBON 3559 2735 77 3814 2240 59 4214 3398 81 5518 4414 0.800
CAPUL 2520 2429 96 2569 2452 95 2599 2452 94
CATARMAN 16580 10156 61 16984 10146 60 21446 13873 0.647
CATUBIG 5907 4345 74 6654 5462 82 6492 5462 84
GAMAY 4678 2898 62 4073 3016 74 3837 3570 91
LAOANG 11865 7998 67 11845 9150 77 11467 8507 74
LAPINIG 2391 2131 89 2435 2320 95 2438 2253 92
LAS NAVAS 6628 3544 53 7662 3544 46 8662 3726 43
LAVEZARES 5697 4913 86 5697 4913 86 5697 4913 86
LOPE DE VEGA 2677 1647 61 2677 1746 65 2747 1193 43
MAPANAS 2349 2149 91 2349 2135 91 2349 2156 90
MONDRAGON 7549 4185 56 7609 4328 57 7926 5843 73 6764 3412 0.504
PALAPAG 6760 5335 79 6996 5548 79 7004 5449 78
PAMBUJAN 4993 3017 60 6152 3694 60 6218 3923 63 6871 4317 0.628
ROSARIO 2186 1370 62 2186 1370 63 2234 1370 63
SAN ANTONIO 1933 1335 70 1930 1485 77 2207 1965 88
SAN ISIDRO 5226 4703 90 5307 4776 90 5608 5160 92
SAN JOSE 3543 2140 60 3544 1855 52 3606 2249 61 3894 2904 0.746
SAN ROQUE 4765 4104 87 4731 4310 91 4993 4520 90
SAN VICENTE
SILVINO LOBOS 2765 1279 46 2765 2765 46 2800 1385 50
VICTORIA 2493 2168 87 2493 2168 87 2493 2168 87
97824 69755 0.71 117774 85560 0.71 120341 88043 0.73
Source: Provincial Health Office –/ RHU for 2017

87
 Table 11- Number of School Facilities (Day Care, Elementary, High School) by Municipality

Municipality Day Care Centers Elementary High School

Number Students- Students Number Students- Students Number Students- Students to
Classroom to teacher Classroo to teacher Classroom teacher ratio
ratio ratio m ratio ratio ratio
ALLEN 20 22:1 27:1 14 31:1 28:1 3 40:1 30:1
BIRI 2 32:1 25:1 11 50:1 29:1 2 45:1 34:1
BOBON 18 25:1 41:1 14 37:1 39:1 2 41:1 41:1
CAPUL 12 29:1 25:1 12 27:1 28:1 2 43:1 28:1
CATARMAN 55 25:1 34:1 46 40:1 34:1 6 59:1 41:1
CATUBIG 47 25: 1 19:1 40 34:1 30:1 3 56:1 37:1
GAMAY 26 35:1 35:1 21 28:1 28:1 5 35:1 33:1
LAOANG 56 50:1 24:1 54 35:1 34:1 13 48:1 45:1
LAPINIG 15 21:1 21:1 13 38:1 25:1 2 43:1 38:1
LAS NAVAS 53 20:1 21:1 54 42:1 38:1 9 70:1 49:1
LAVEZARES 26 27:1 27:1 25 32:1 28:1 2 47:1 40:1
LOPE DE VEGA 22 23:1 34:1 23 32:1 44:1 2 55:1 37:1
MAPANAS 7 34:1 34:1 13 36:1 44:1 3 38:1 33:1
MONDRAGON 24 30:1 30:1 25 46:1 39:1 4 35:1 34:1
PALAPAG 32 25:1 25:1 31 37:1 36:1 5 55:1 38:1
PAMBUJAN 26 33:1 33:1 20 43:1 35:1 3 54:1 37:1
ROSARIO 11 16:1 16:1 10 30:1 32;1 3 22:1 26:1
SAN ANTONIO 10 20:1 20:1 9 24:1 22:1 1 25:1 25:1
SAN ISIDRO 14 35:1 36:1 14 41:1 30:1 4 33:1 25:1
SAN JOSE 16 35:1 35:1 12 35:1 34:1 1 50:1 38:1
SAN ROQUE 16 38:1 38:1 13 42:1 38:1 4 51:1 41:1
SAN VICENTE 4 30:1 29:1 5 36:1 32:1 2 37:1 31:1
SILVINO 21 34:1 17:1 20 50:1 45:1 1 46:1 31:1
LOBOS
VICTORIA 16 30:1 25:1 15 34:1 36:1 3 55:1 35:1
549 29:1 28:1 514 37:1 34:1 85 45:1 35:1
Source: Department of Education NS

88
 Table 12 Senior High Schools that Offer Technical - Vocational Courses

Municipality Number of With Technical-Vocational courses With instructors Level of Student to

SHS knowledge on classroom
course ratio
Biri 1 cooking, agriculture, bread & pastries yes Level 2 35:1
Bobon 2 beauty, food preservation yes Level 2 28:1
Capul 2 ICT, carpentry, animal husbandry, agriculture, cooking yes Level 3 25:1
Catarman 4 none yes Level 3 59:1
Catubig 3 cosmetology, food processing, cooking, computer yes Level 3 24:1
technology, horticulture
Lope de Vega 1 none yes Level 3 30:1
Mapanas 2 Electronics, welding, computer hardware servicing yes Level 3 30:1
Mondragon 3 Computer hardware services, agriculture, dressmaking yes Level 3 40:1
Palapag 3 Cookery, garments, beauty care, drafting, horticulture yes Level 3 35:1
Pambujan 4 Carpentry, cosmetology, cooking, food processing, yes Level 3 35:1
computer servicing
San Antonio 1 Food and beverage servicing, cookery yes Level 1 40:1
San Jose 1 Welding, electrical, computer servicing, dressmaking yes Level 1 21:1
San Vicente 2 Agriculture, beauty care yes Level 1 6:1
Silvino Lobos 1 none yes Level 3 25:1
Total 30
Source: Department of Education NS

89
Table 13--Education Indicators (Elementary and High School)

Gross enrollment (Elementary) Completion Rate (Elementary) Gross Enrollment (High School) Completion Rate
2015-16 2014-15 2015-16 2014-2015
2014-2015 2015-2016 2014-2015 2015-2016 Male Female Total Male Female Total
Allen 3,564 3,924 100 88 1231 1208 2439 1211 1221 2432 94.0% 94.0%
Beri 2,219 2,346 95 87 579 573 1152 484 507 991 81.0% 100.0%
Bobon 4,174 4,458 93 87 1041 1219 2260 956 1177 2133 84.0% 90.0%
Capul 2,102 2,344 95 85 601 645 1246 547 648 1195 94.4% 91.6%
Catarman 15,042 17,163 100 86 3169 3391 6560 2732 2928 5660 91.8% 95.0%
Catubig 6,338 6,905 96 85 1220 1304 2524 1015 1056 2071 91.7% 99.2%
Gamay 4,066 4,244 86 88 1171 1193 2364 1129 1160 2289 93.3% 82.5%
Laoang 11,049 11,760 90 86 2499 2711 5210 2382 2544 4926 91.5% 80.4%
Lapinig 2,256 2,289 67 85 552 539 1091 549 554 1103 85.0% 30.9%
Las Navas 7,731 8,277 95 88 1364 1428 2792 1027 1188 2215 73.2% 68.4%
Lavezares 4,893 5,499 97 86 883 946 1829 883 910 1793 91.3% 94.7%
Lope de Vega 2,493 2,824 96 83 371 455 826 341 434 775 95.0% 91.4%
Mapanas 2,758 2,987 78 78 522 495 1017 493 504 997 90.2% 91.9%
Mondragon 7,504 8,145 96 86 1206 1335 2541 1145 1248 2393 92.2% 88.0%
Palapag 6,295 6,720 93 85 1654 1728 3382 1564 1648 3212 91.5% 92.7%
Pambujan 6,552 7,031 96 84 1133 1233 2366 1081 1197 2278 93.3% 65.8%
Rosario 1,966 2,108 100 88 530 459 989 448 434 882 95.7% 64.7%
San Antonio 1,350 1,460 100 88 231 237 468 259 231 490 91.0% 100.0%
San Isidro 4,570 4,926 96 85 1267 1266 2533 1209 1186 2395 94.1% 98.5%
San Jose 3,152 3,337 97 88 677 626 1303 666 584 1250 72.6% 98.0%
San Roque 4,881 5,457 96 85 1187 1445 2632 1160 1361 2521 93.4% 82.2%
San Vicente 1,214 1,310 94 84 328 285 613 319 307 626 90.1% 97.6%
Silvino Lobos 2,858 3,219 94 82 248 297 545 213 246 459 73.0% 100.0%
Victoria 2,612 2,878 100 87 516 484 1000 518 468 986 95.1% 100.0%
TOTAL / AVE 111,639 121,611 93.75 85.58 24180 25502 49682 22331 23741 46072 88.3% 87.4%

Source: Department of Education, NS

90
Table 14 – Total number of Gainful workers 15 and up by Municipality

Municipality Total Gainful Workers 15 and up

Managers Professionals Technicians/ Clerical Services Skilled Craft & Plant, Elementary Armed Other Not
Ass and Sales Agri'l Trades machine Occupation forces occupation reported
Professionals Workers Forestry & operators occupation
Fishery
Allen 1205 616 383 444 2280 2611 845 758 3043 23 0 18
Beri 413 190 101 130 610 1648 307 203 1102 2
Bobon 588 392 238 211 571 2282 443 402 1797 85 5
Capul 436 228 93 99 481 2228 258 200 1713 3 28
Catarman 2873 2409 1269 2007 5288 7372 1943 1673 6615 228 47
Catubig 947 559 244 188 1035 4732 567 525 3377 24 15
Gamay 459 365 209 308 714 3695 508 300 2443 15 11
Laoang 2002 1128 443 514 3289 7736 1856 1405 6017 28 14
Lapinig 212 234 120 83 361 1719 158 219 1249 41 5
Las Navas 824 409 167 186 924 6525 572 458 2978 50 17
Lavezares 784 449 236 244 1510 3983 653 562 1842 16 6
Lope de Vega 364 116 83 98 341 2550 124 133 1145 26 3 7
Mapanas 295 182 80 99 358 2073 193 136 1735 27 3
Mondragon 1053 505 279 298 1527 4522 712 710 5268 177 39
Palapag 844 541 263 275 1031 4709 655 577 2403 46 31
Pambujan 881 457 376 264 1264 4430 648 431 3845 51 18
Rosario 307 215 103 153 472 1351 288 141 1319 41 15
San Antonio 426 232 161 138 548 1189 271 282 1053 2 16
San Isidro 630 439 183 255 1001 2743 569 757 2310 39 13
San Jose 672 274 207 218 565 1898 486 346 1977 16 6
San Roque 837 425 246 304 1782 3176 717 550 3504 101 1 7
San Vicente 202 133 57 90 510 1711 149 68 977 2 2
Silvino Lobos 235 80 34 45 162 2813 33 32 2928 59 4
Victoria 519 243 129 229 524 1700 309 357 1071 28 2

Source: PSA 2016

91
 Table 15.- Health Facilities in Northern Samar

Municipality Public Hospitals Private Hospitals Public Birthing Facilities Number of Number of
Number Bed With Child Number Bed Number BEMONC Open 24/7 Philhealth Health Health
Occupancy Protection Occupancy Certified Accredited Centers Stations
Unit
Allen 1 50 yes 0 1 yes yes yes 1 4
Beri 1 25 yes 0 1 no yes yes 1 4
Bobon 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 3
Capul 1 25 Yes 0 1 yes no yes 1 7
Catarman 2 170 yes 3 2 yes yes yes 2 16
Catubig 1 25 yes 0 1 yes yes yes 1 6
Gamay 1 25 yes 0 1 yes yes yes 1 4
Laoang 1 50 yes 0 1 yes yes yes 1 14
Lapinig 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 3
Las Navas 0 0 1 yes no yes 1 7
Lavezares 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 6
Lope de Vega 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 6
Mapanas 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 6
Mondragon 0 0 2 yes yes yes 1 3
Palapag 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 9
Pambujan 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 6
Rosario 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 4
San Antonio 1 25 yes 0 1 no yes yes 1 10
San Isidro 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 8
San Jose 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 12
San Roque 0 0 1 yes Yes yes 1 6
San Vicente 1 10 yes 0 1 yes yes yes 1 2
Silvino Lobos 0 0 1 yes yes yes 1 4
Victoria 0 0 1 no yes yes 1 2
Total 9 3 26 25 152
Source: Municipal Health Offices/ Provincial Health Office

92
Table 16- Functionality of Health Centers and Health Stations

Municipality With Open 8am With basic With power With water With Services rendered
permanent to 5 pm, medical supply supply available and Prenatal Postnatal Responsible Expanded Integrated Infant and
assigned full Monday to equipment accessible Parenthood Immunization Management Young
complement Friday transportation of Childhood Child
health staff vehicle for Illness Feeding
emergency
needs
Allen yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Beri yes yes yes yes@night yes (level 1) none yes yes yes yes yes yes
Bobon yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Capul yes yes yes yes @night yes (level 1) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Catarman yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Catubig yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Gamay yes yes yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Laoang yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Lapinig yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Las Navas yes yes yes yes yes (level 1) yes yes yes yes yes yes none
Lavezares yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Lope de Vega yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Mapanas yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Mondragon yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Palapag yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Pambujan yes yes yes yes Yes (level 1) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Rosario yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Antonio yes yes yes yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Isidro yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Jose yes yes yes yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Roque yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
San Vicente yes yes yes yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes
Silvino Lobos yes yes yes yes none yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Victoria yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Source: Provincial and Municipal Health Offices

93
Table 17- Medical Health Personnel and Health Workers

Municipality Medical Health Personnel Barangay Health Workers

Medical Doctors Nurses Dentists Medical Sanitary Inspector Total Active Accredited HW to HH ratio
Technologist
Allen 1 1 1 1 1 219 219 119 1 is to 25
Beri 1 10 0 1 1 110 110 18 1 is to 26
Bobon 1 1 1 1 2 161 161 95 1 is to 26
Capul 1 10 1 1 1 83 83 56 1 is to 31
Catarman 2 5 1 1 2 700 700 500 1 is to 27
Catubig 3 7 2 2 3 359 355 0 1 is to 18
Gamay 1 1 0 1 2 202 178 202 1 is to 22
Laoang 1 1 1 2 1 620 620 620 1 is to 18
Lapinig 1 1 0 1 2 118 118 0 1 is to 21
Las Navas 1 1 0 1 2 15 15 30 1 is to 577
Lavezares 1 1 1 1 2 237 237 0 1 is to 24
Lope de Vega 1 1 1 1 1 107 107 88 1 is to 26
Mapanas 1 1 1 1 1 180 80 157 1 is 29
Mondragon 1 2 1 0 1 6 6 2 1 is to 1265
Palapag 1 1 1 1 2 351 351 273 1 is to 20
Pambujan 1 11 1 1 2 134 134 0 1 is to 46
Rosario 1 0 1 1 1 58 58 58 1 is to 39
San Antonio 1 2 0 1 3 50 50 50 1 is to 44
San Isidro 1 1 1 1 1 76 76 0 1 is to 73
San Jose 1 2 1 0 3 105 105 98 1 is to 34
San Roque 1 1 1 2 2 267 267 0 1 is to 19
San Vicente 2 10 0 1 1 14 14 14 1 is to 117
Silvino Lobos 1 1 0 0 1 20 20 20 1 to 137
Victoria 1 1 1 0 1 7 7 7 1 to 356
TOTAL 25 73 18 23 39 4199 4071 2407

Source: Provincial and Municipal Health Offices

94
Table 28- Disability Statistics in N. Samar

Municipality Hearing Visual Speech Orthopedic Multiple disabilities Mental Other Total
ALLEN 4 7 3 2 20 4 17 57
BIRI 7 10 7 9 19 4 8 64
BOBON 9 10 15 17 13 4 17 85
CAPUL 5 2 10 15 11 4 15 62
CATARMAN 42 67 44 57 73 13 87 383
GAMAY 22 20 28 19 43 18 36 186
LAOANG 58 68 39 49 60 32 78 384
LAVEZARES 8 12 21 19 24 13 12 109
ROSARIO 6 9 4 5 19 5 14 62
SAN ANTONIO 13 5 8 9 16 2 10 63
SAN ISIDRO 5 21 14 11 20 8 17 96
SAN JOSE 8 12 9 11 24 4 13 81
SAN VICENTE 15 14 5 4 9 4 29 80
VICTORIA 5 1 6 3 13 4 5 37
TOTAL 207 258 213 230 364 119 358 1,749
Source: DSWD-2015
Some municipalities do not have data/report

95
 Annex 5- List of Key Informants/ Personnel Visited and Interviewed

Agencies/LGU Persons Interviewed/ Contacted and Contact Agencies/LGU Persons Interviewed/ Contacted and Contact Details
detailed
Mayor Felipe A. Sosing Sr. Mina C. Delorino, MSWDO Catarman
LGU of Pambujan Jose Rene S. Arandia, Office Staff LGU of Catarman +63 921 4787367
+63 909 387 7424 +63 905 676 7870
lgupambujan6413@gmail.com irmina24@yahoo.com

Alda S. Acebuche -+63 919 7117184 SPO2 Regina Dante, Chief WCPD/FJGAD PNP Catarman
Evangeline L. Surio, MSWDO - +63946 PO1 Maria Beth E. Genio -+63 919 791 1174
1926406 PO1 Daryl A. Sabanal - +63 938 248 6569
Eva E. Bacarra, IPHN +63 946 446002
Ms. Norma Cook, Senior Midwife III
PCI Manuel Castillo – OIC PNP RHU Catarman
PO1 Rowena Sosing-WCPD PNP +63 55 500 9615
+639275429596
rowenasosing@yahoo.com Dr. Myrna T. Lucero, MNAO Catarman
+639296134148
Mae Regulacion -63930 2029867
(for Engineer Anecito S. Matic, MPDO, LGU) Engineer Norman V. Camposano, EnP
mae_regulacion@yahoo.com MPDC/Zoning Coordinator
+63917 119 2209;
Ms. Carmelita T. Diaz, MILGO Telefax: +63 55 500 9215
+63 919 991 1770
Ms. Corazon M. Fajardo, Catarman Sanitary Inspector II
Ms. Fely Socorro, StaffMSWD +63 946 343 9038

Ms. Rosalinda S. Jarito, Local Government Ms. Elena D. Paredes, Catarman RHM II
Officer V +63 929 368 2561
+63 919 811 5558
Ms. Emma Ablado-Lobos, MSWDO Ms. Greta Castillo, Head MSWD
LGU of Mondragon emma_lobos@yahoo.com LGU of San Jose +63 917 306 8494

PO1 Joy Ann Fajardo Bersabal, WCPO Chattelaine P. Tadeo

+63 945 0750451 +63 917 110 6997; +63 906 071 4289
mondragonps@yahoo.com chattelaine11@gmail.com

PCI Florando S. Relente Mr. Candido Anaviso, Mayor’s Secretary

Hotline Number: +63 917 134 8726 +63 906 063 5914

96
 Mr. Obet Marquita, MPDC Clerk PO1 Roscel V. Estillero, WCD, +63 912 253 9963
+63 930 565 7136 PO1 Richel E. Calixto, WCP, +63 917 506 8991
alexajade03.rc@gmail.com
Dr. Maria Carol Hermosilla, MHO
+63 929 7502136; +63 977 805 0233 Dr. Ana Julita Anaviso-Cuna, MD
Municipal Health Officer-San Jose
Glen A. Quinones, PHN +63 917 892 0004
+63 977 826 4229
<Rhu_mondragon2017@yahoo.com> Ms. Nancy Anonuevo, Senior Midwife
+63 910 577 505
Ms. Carmelita T. Diaz, MILGO
+63 919 991 1770 Mr. Cecilio B. Abesamis, MLGO San Jose
+63 916 260 2368
Ms. Rowena F. Manuel, MNAO
+63 917 245 0497; +63 999 927 7345
Dr. Maria Coro Hermosilla, MHO Mondragon
+63 929 750 2136

Josephine T. Moralez, RSI Mondragon

+63 949 652 2630

Mayor Reny A. Celespara, RN, MAN

LGU of Bobon +63 917 507 3471; +63 908 217 8784 Barangays: FGD with Barangay Officials, Day Care Workers, BHWs,
rene_celespara@yahoo.com Camparanga and VAWC Officer, BNS
Barangay 8, Pambujan
Ms. Elsie Mora, MWSDO Baybay and
+63 998 953 4419; +63 910 860 2852 Cervantes, Catarman
San Antonio and
PO2 Greenie N. Tiberio Roxas, Mondragon
+63 930 991 7146; +63 915 996 4108 Aguadahan and
greenietiberio13@gmail.com Tubigdanao, San Jose
Acerida and Dancalan,
Dr. Henry T. Novales, MD, MHO Bobon
+63 920 566 0609
hentnov3@yahoo.com

97
 Annex 6. List of Participants to the FGD and Survey Interviews

Barangay Caparanga, Pambujan Barangay 8, Pambujan

Name Position Contact Number Name Position Contact Number
Calixto A. Pinca Barangay Captain +63 921 867 0238 Margie Socorro
Thelma C. Silavo Barangay Kagawad Gemma
+63 921 258 3299
Valenciano
NielSalvedia Barangay Kagawad +63 938 771 5358 Lilian Anabejo Barangay Health Worker +63 998 127 5056
Yolando M. Barangay Kagawad JeneferSiervo Barangay Health Worker
+63 909 398 3694 +63 935 582 5326
Bautista Sr.
Gina Balenquit +63 950 751 0491 Gina Surio +63 907 663 4227
Luz Baluyot Jessica Balanquit Child Development Worker +63 907 663 4227
Natividad Baluyot Leticia Senobio Barangay Kagawad
Emely Corocoto Francisco Barangay Kagawad
Paguntalan
Mira Baluyot Susana Novio
Isabel Jazmin +63 909 883 0219 Chita Siervo Barangay Health Worker +63 938 560 9324
Judith Tepace +63 938 395 4276 Merly Morales Barangay Secretary +63 912 192 7997
Matilde Bautista Rea Durango Barangay Kagawad +63 910 263 7310
NorieEjercito Reina Balangquit CDW Supervisor +63 930 451 5697
Rosalina Baldevizo Barangay Health Worker + 63 909 385 5164 FelyPitalbo
Orlando Morales Barangay Kagawad EmeldaMejos +63 948 434 2617
Ernesto Butlay Administrator +63919 637 5620 Trinidad Luyang
Felipe Galero Barangay Kagawad Ma. ChonaCerbito +63 948 719 7944
RizaldyAbawag Barangay Kagawad Josette Infante
RorelaGalero Child Development Lerma Espanas
Worker
Conchita Tepace Treasurer +63 950 588 9470
Aurelia Tepace Barangay Kagawad +63 930 492 7223
Donna Siervo

98
Barangay Baybay, Catarman Barangay Cervantes, Catarman
Name Position Contact Number Name Position Contact Number
Lorna Naica Child Development Worker +63 947 196 5198 Alma Trongcrea Barangay Health Worker
NimfaPunay Barangay Health Worker +63 910 222 1440 Aileenda Cardenas Barangay Health Worker
Yolanda Mahinay Barangay Aide DedithCandelario
Analyn Santos Barangay Aide Aileen Robenacio Barangay Health Worker
Evelyne Nolasco Barangay Aide Rosa de Raguel Barangay Health Worker
DarelynGaling Barangay Health Worker NimfaSabilao
Marian Osal Barangay Secretary +63 909 629 3878 MarlynMegenio Barangay Health Worker
Pamela Pereabras Barangay Nutrition Scholar +63 946 599 3764 Gina Maragrag
Hilda Adiano Punong Barangay +63 928 597 6434 Ernesto Managnag
Edna Aleria Barangay Kagawad +63 906 137 9553 Arnel Candelaria
ReymondValdemoro Barangay Tanod +63 946 161 1554 Alberto Sabilao
Antonio Fario Barangay Tanod MarcialTonog Sr. Barangay Kagawad
Josephine Cuanico Barangay Nutrition Scholar Ruth Tonog
Teodoro Almanso Treasurer +63 935 506 0324 Roberto de Rafael
Pio Furio Barangay Kagawad Mariane Centeno Child Development
+63 907 504 7135
Worker
Nila Feliciano Barangay Kagawad Jesity De
+63 939 788 0989
GuiaCentino
Brian Enriola Barangay Kagawad +63 927 061 1678 Federico Olliveros Punong Barangay
Elmer Edina Barangay Kagawad +63 947 152 9622 Sharon Trongcoso Barangay Secretary
Emily Giray Barangay Kagawad +63 947 149 0931 Marjorie Marino VAWC Chairperson
Joy Menor Barangay Kagawad +63 999 400 5904 Al Openiano
Ruby Diano Barangay Aide +63 928 267 5546 Annebeth dente Barangay Kagawad
Fe Garcia Barangay Health Worker +63 946 172 5808 Necitas de Rafael Barangay Kagawad
Luz Abuco7 ECCD Coordinator +63 910 949 1904 AgapioArino Jr. Barangay Kagawad
Rina Capistrano
NymfaPunay

99
Barangay San Antonio, Mondragon Barangay Roxas, Mondragon
Name Position Contact Number Name Position Contact Number
BonifaciaLoyogoy Carlito Dupan Barangay Kagawad
Nena Masquian Bryan Cantong Barangay Kagawad
Marita Bantayan Danilo Modar Barangay Kagawad
OrlandaMacquian Damian Ponelas Barangay Kagawad
Nelly Legencio Noel Cabullo Barangay Kagawad
Annabelle Saquilan Elvira Bandones CDT
MirasolGallamora Anabelle Serinas
Alex Macquian Jimena Amador
WarlitoLutas Leny Amador
Leonida Macquian MarlynFeolino
Jocelyn Baez Imelda Majerano
Alberto Basiloy SeratinRagoro
Ramil Baes Clarita Dupan
Regina Lotao AlijandroTroquena
IgelynPolitario Barangay Kagawad +63 950 824 1716 Filomeno Amador
AilynLipata Barangay Kagawad +63 950 324 0976 Marites Diaz Barangay Secretary
ZaldyTeolino Barangay Secretary Livy Bose Barangay Kagawad
Erlinda Lutao Barangay Kagawad MarilonGalit Barangay Health Worker
ClitoLipata Barangay Kagawad Jocelyn Lustistica
Anita Macquian Barangay Health Worker Elena Debandina
Marilou Lipata Barangay Nutrition Scholar
Eduardo Francisco Barangay Kagawad
Charlene Calalang Child Development
Worker
Elmar Macquian Barangay Kagawad
Leonida Macquian
Aileen Macquian
Annabelle Managuite

100
Barangay Aguadahan, San Jose Barangay Tubigdanao, San Jose
Name Position Contact Number Name Position Contact Number
Rosie Repredad Barangay Secretary +63 929 225 2307 Analyn Sampaga Barangay Nutrition Scholar
Liza Calixto Barangay Treasurer +63 920 808 5584 Rosalinda Tadeo Barangay Health Worker +63 930 698 8280
Gina Miano Barangay Kagawad +63 907 043 1621 Ramil Jose Sampaga Barangay Secretary +63 905 512 2625
Adelina Manuel Child Development Maria Mortalle VAWC
+63 975 008 8229
Worker
Ma. Rowena Mulato Barangay Kagawad +63 948 795 7445 Joel Berio Barangay Kagawad +63 907 092 8862
CedyLimpiado Rowena Tadeo Child Development
+63 909 401 8603 +63 949 647 3881
Worker
Lilia Divina Barangay Nutrition Andrew Balleta Punong Barangay
+63 956 899 2453
Scholar
Annabelle Rosales Barangay Health Worker ShielaBerio Barangay Health Worker +63 909 536 2150
PacienciaEngrente Barangay Kagawad Marissa Digo
Nandita Cagote Barangay Kagawad +63 930 769 0687 Manolo Demata Barangay Kagawad +63 912 523 0542
Lecita Casas Barangay Kagawad +63 930 661 4466 RosaliaBerio +63 948 488 0348
Garry Relampago Barangay Kagawad +63 946 432 0877 Vilma Digo
Cesar Salili Barangay Kagawad +63 929 287 5252 Perla Lipata
Mark Christian Rosales SK Chairman +63 909 498 0418 Joan Entico
Liza Esidon Punong Barangay +63 917 305 4660 SaturninoDumpay
Rodolfo Ibanez Chief Tanod Rechie Divina Barangay Tanod
Vivian Planque Utility +63 909 372 9800 Carlito Caspe
WilmaPlanque Lupon
EdeliaPanoy
Ailyn Perez Barangay Health Worker
Mary Joy Dequito +63 912 941 1895
JonalynPlandez Lupon +63 910 264 2137
Michelle Castillo Barangay Health Worker +63 912 193 2443
Erlinda Daria Lupon
Concepcion Miscreola Barangay Health Worker
Erlinda Danico
MaryjoyDequito
Elena Plaque

101
Barangay Acerida, Bobon Barangay Dancalan, Bobon
Name Position Contact Number Name Position Contact Number
My-An Giray +63 909 174 6391 EufrocinaMontecalong Barangay Kagawad
MaricelBaladad Clara Gremio Punong Barangay +63 948 208 2450
Mercy Celespara Child Development Worker +63 909 174 3235 Ma. Elena Calumberes Barangay Kagawad +63 930 280 9123
Erlinda Marino Barangay Health Worker Pepito Agaray Barangay Kagawad +63 909 174 6451
GenelynTagros Child Development Worker +63 9090 370 3457 Randy Damote Barangay Treasurer +63 999 595 1850
Flor Tagros Barangay Nutrition Scholar +63 930 522 0598 Pio Celespara Barangay Kagawad
Laide Guzman Ma. Gina Oliva Child Development
+63 910 046 6782
Worker
Elma Rigos Jocelyn Sapa Child Development
+63 929 305 0887
Worker
Melchor de la Torre Barangay Secretary ChonaNotabo +63 910 196 8392
Editha Fernandez Barangay Kagawad JerecDorias SNP/CDW +63 907 086 6505
JuvyFernander Teresita Rascano Barangay Secretary +63 909 866 6164
My-An Giray +63 909 174 6391 Myrna Gremio
Ma. Fe Arsenio
Arceli Gabion +63 948 212 3315
Shirley Rapsing +63 919 395 5958
Patricio Colisa
Rissa Rascano +63 950 373 1411
Gina Gulas +63 929 548 4116
Jane Grenire Child Development
+63 909 905 9180
Worker
Mary Grace Arca Barangay Health Worker +63 907 555 7240
NezaAfricano
Patricio Culisao

102