Mobile Smartphone: It`s Effects on the Study Habits of Universidad de

Zamboanga Senior High School

A Research

Presented of the Faculty of the Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High

School

In partial fulfilment of the requirements in Practical Research II

RESEARCHERS

GARCIA, AIEN MAE B.

IRIBANI, HANINA I.

TUBOSA, MA. VICTORIA M.

AKBAR, AL-HAMOUDI D.

DELOSSANTOS, MACKIE

Co-author:

Mr. Bartazar S. Muksan

UZ-SHS Instruction Specialist

 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

In this new generation, people are inventing and evolving new and modern

type of technologies that can caught a person`s attention. Most of this technologies

caught someone`s attention is the smartphones. Smartphones are the most

intelligence technology people have on earth, this the reason of a non-stop

evolution of smartphones every year. Aside from its abilities to send and receive

email and to connect to the internet, it can also an alternative way to do things

easier and faster.

Thanking photographs much easier and clearer just like the original branded

camera, sending files, photos and audios through an installed application, playing

video games for free, keeping files, watch videos online, socializing in social media

through smartphones. Video calls, doing presentation and knowing advance news

through internet. Smartphones has it all, for all the needs of a person every day.

But in all of this good benefits of a smartphones. This also has negative impact to

one individual who is using this. Many young individuals have experienced eye

irritation and redness due to over exposure from radiation of a smartphones. Many

studies shown the over exposure to cellphone radiation to adversely effects cell

health in humans, electromagnetic radiation (ENR) emitted by phones can cause

the cells in the human body to heat up that can damage the over time. Brain cells

damage, using mobile phones at most often times may lead to physical
impairments like direct brain warming after use, tumors, memory impairments,

brain damage, fetus and cancer, and behaviors, skipping meals, and being to lazy

to work or to their jobs, appreciating what we could see through phone`s screen

but forgetting what we can find and see in actual. Smartphone have become an

integral part of our lives. But an enormous increase in the use wireless mobile

technology has raised concerns about mobile phone radiation and its effects on

the health. The negative effects of spending to much time on smartphones are not

always immediately visible. Excessive use of smartphones has often been known

to cause stress and increase isolation. Including anxiety and depression. (Morin,

2013) encourage the conclusion that reliance on smartphones and related

technologies is not aiding mental functioning, but rather, is having negative impact

on our ability to think, remember, pay attention, and regulate emotion.

According to Bianchi & Philips (2005) majority of the students are using

mobile phones. They spend more time using cell phones which have a large effect

on their psychological development. Students who spend more time using cell

phones were more vulnerable to psychological disturbance and the degree of

attachment towards the cell phones causing students to experience symptoms

such as anxiety, depression or even lack of sleep which affected their overall

psychological functional.

As Ling and Helmer (2010) stated that students are supposed to take on

their prescribed roles as students with full concentration on their studies. However,

the mobile phone gives room to blending students’ roles with other roles thus

distracting and disrupting the students’ studies and academic work. Thus, the
mobile phone has the power to undermine the schools’ authority and weaken their

control over students as well as affects their level of academic performances.

Excessive use of mobile phones causes students to fare poorly in

elementary, junior high and high school, not only because it makes them lose their

concentration due to lack of sleep, but also because it apparently compromises

what they have studied (The Manila Times, 2015).

Fredrick Tracy (2006) wrote some positive and healthy impacts and effects

of mobile phone on students’ performance at the university level include: to contact

easily with the teachers, classmates and parents; to trace easily the teachers,

classmates for the solution of educational problems; to use internet to search out

the useful information.

Nowadays, especially to the teenagers are using mobile phones in

educational purposes. Mobile phones can help to the students in doing their

homework, projects and to study.

Theoretical Framework

Smartphones have become an inevitable part of contemporary life because

of them versatile applicability and usage and are widely being adopted as a

modern means to communication (Szymczak, 2013). Smartphones technology,

with its pervasive acceptance and powerful functionality, is inevitably changing

people`s behavior; specially that of young (Chow, et al., 2012). An apart from the

essential capabilities to make voice call, video call, SMS and MMS, smartphones

added other utilities which have repositioned them as a new information medium
(May & Heam., 2005). The level of rice is found to the possibility effected the

behavioral intension mainly because price establishes image of the brand in the

eye of consumers (Aaker, 1991). In a consumer`s logic, a high (low) price connotes

a high (low) quality and image (Chow, et al., 2012). The earlier statement aligns

with the findings of Jacob and Alson (1977). Who argued that the price is a signal

to simulate the consumer`s perception on purchasing products and the price can

reflect psychology response on consumer’s mind after contacting price.

While in concern to price, quality, country of origin, product feature, social

influence, compatibility, and smartphones purchase intention of the buyers, there

are several researchers that indicate positive relationship between this variable

individuality or in group. Chow et al., (2012) in the Malaysian context found that

price, compatibility and social influence had positive impact of the buyer’s

purchase intension of smartphones, while relative advantage had negative impact,

similarity, Lay, et al., (2003) found significant relationship between the independent

variables; price concern, product feature concern and social influence concern with

smartphone purchase decision of generation-y in the Malaysian context.

Conceptual Framework

This study is the schematic diagram of conceptual framework is presented

below.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Effects on the study

habits of the students

Mobile Smartphone
Independent Variable

Interviewing Variable

Figure 1: The Conceptual Paradigm of the study

Shows the Mobile Smartphones: It`s Effect on the Study Habits. The

independent variable is Mobile Smartphones. The dependent variables are the

Effects on the Study Habits of the students.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find out the mobile smartphones: it`s effect on the study

habits of the Senior High School.

Specially, it will seek answer to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

1.4 Ethnicity

1.5 Socio-Economic Status

2. What are the effects of mobile smartphones on the study habits of the

Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School Students?

3. Is there any significant relationship between the effects of mobile

smartphones on the study habits and the students when they are

grouped according to their profile?

Hypothesis

Ho- There is no significant relationship between the effects of mobile

smartphones on the study habits and the students when they are grouped

according to their profile.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant since it provides information on the present status

of Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School Students in terms of Mobile

Smartphone: It`s Effects on the Study Habits. The results of the study will be

benefitted by the students, teachers, future researchers.

For the Students

The students will be benefitted in this study because they are the recipients

of this study which is the effects of mobile smartphones usage to students

especially in their study habits.

For the Teachers

The output of this study can help teachers to be aware about how can

mobile smartphones usage affect students’ study habits in one way or another.

Teachers need to be concern on this issue to discipline their students on using

mobile smartphones.

For the School

This study helps the school of Universidad de Zamboanga to know if the

mobile smartphones are helpful to study habits of Universidad de Zamboanga

Senior High School students.

For the Future Researchers

The result of this study can be a basis for other researchers’ future

references. Also the study will serve as a guide for the future researchers who may

wish to conduct similar studies.

Scope and Delimitations

This study was centred on ‘’mobile smartphones: it`s effect on the study

habit’’. The respondents were the senior high school students of Universidad de

Zamboanga. It will be conducted at Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High

School (UZ SHS) during the first semester of school year 2018-2019. Only the

students of UZ- Senior High School both Grade 11 and Grade 12. The respondents

will be the senior high school.

Operational Definition

The terms here are conceptually and operationally defined for better

understanding of the readers on the paper.

Effects

A changes to an action of a person toward their behaviour.

Mobile smartphone

It refers a tool to communicate to other people and can be used for

educational purposes.
Study Habits

It refers to a habit in learning about something by reading, memorizing and

other things related to studies.

 Chapter II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study utilized a quantitative descriptive research design and employed

a descriptive survey method, which aimed to determine the ‘Mobile Smartphone:

It’s effect on the study habits of Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School’’

data-analysis technique provides a summary of the orderly or sequential data

obtained from the sample through the data gathering instrument used. (morgan,

et.al, 2010).

The study used descriptive method. This study employed the descriptive

research with the use of the questionnaire-checklist or survey questionnaire.

Research Locale

The research study will be held at Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High

School founded on October 12, 1948 by the late founder Arturo Eustaqio Sr. which

is located in the city campus, J.S. Alano street, 7000 Zamboanga.

The subject of this study include Grade 11 and Grade 12 from Science

Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), General Academic Strand

(GAS), Accountancy Business Management (ABM), Humanities and Social

Studies (HUMSS) and Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL). Who enrolled in the

first semester of S.Y. 2017- 2018.

 The Universidad de Zamboanga High School department has intensified

the course outline of these offering to be a job, college, business, globally and a

21st century more than ready. The academic requirements for Senior High School

are designed with classroom instructions, laboratory applications and immersions.

Universidad de Zamboanga gives parents and benefactors the best options for

their children’s high school diploma.

Population and Sampling Size

The participated in this study. These are students enrolled in different

strands. These Strands are Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM), General Academic Strand (GAS), Accountancy Business Management

(ABM), Humanities and Social Studies (HUMSS) and Technical Vocational

Livelihood (TVL).

A sample of 150 students were randomly selected using the stratified

random sampling. Table 1 below shows the distribution of the respondents.

Respondent Target Respondents

STEM 30

GAS 25

ABM 15

HUMSS 30

TVL 50
 TOTAL 150

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents

Data Gathering Tools

The Survey-Questionnaire will be used by the researchers to gather

information from the respondents. In this research need truthfulness and sincerity.

The Survey-Questionnaire in determining the factor in mobile smartphone

effects of study habits was made by the researcher and the tool was validated by

the experts (Validator). Each of the items in the questionnaire was considered

appropriate to the variables under study when at least two of the experts, rating

indicating the item appropriately.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

The researchers formulated the instrument from the research problems.

Then, the researchers will send it to the panel of experts to check the researchers

instrument and let them examine and evaluate it. After that, the researchers will

assimilate and incorporate the suggestions and remarks to the research

instrument.

After the validation is complete, the researchers will test the instrument to

a random respondent if the paper is correct for getting the data. If there is any

consistency in the instrument, the researchers will fix it and try again to test the

instrument to a similar respondent until the instrument is correct. When it is done

the researchers will be getting the data to the same respondents.

Validity and Reliability

The researchers formulated the instrument from the research problems.

Then, the researchers will send it to the panel of experts to check the researchers

instrument and let them examine and evaluate it. After that, the researchers will

assimilate and incorporate the suggestions and remarks to the research

instrument.

After the validation is complete, the researchers will test the instrument to

a random respondent if the paper is correct for getting the data. If there is any

consistency in the instrument, the researchers will fix it and try again to test the

instrument to a similar respondent until the instrument is correct. When it is done

the researchers will be getting the data to the same respondents.

Ethical Considerations

This research study presents many ethical which must be identified and

addressed prior carrying out any research study in order to protect all human

participants.

The purpose of the inform consent is to place on respect for people’s right

and dignity. Students will be aware of application of effect on mobile smartphone

approach to their studies and practice this approach in a disciplinary way that they

will be able to apply this in a school setting and to a workplace setting. They will

engage knowledge and skills.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researches prepared the materials such as the reproduction of the

survey questionnaire and securing letter of permission. The researchers will first

ask permission to the teachers and when it is approved, the researchers will

provide a note to the selected respondents for the activity they will undertake.

Second, they administered the questionnaire to the respondents The researchers

will explain first before they start giving some questionnaires to the selected

respondents. Third, the retrieved the data and lastly, Researchers were tabulated

and interpreted the data. The goal of the students was to documents and to

determine the Mobile Smartphone its effect on the study habits of Universidad de

Zamboanga Senior high school.

Statistical Tools

This study employed the different statistical technique to answer the

questions posted in the statement of the problem:

Simple Random Sampling – is a sampling technique in which every element of

the population has the same probability of being selected for inclusion in the

sample.

Frequency and percentage - were used to determine the proportion of the

respondents in relation to the sample when categorized according to the profile.

Weighted Mean - This measure will be used to determine the effects of mobile

usage to the study habits of the students. And will also be used to determine the

study habits of the students.

One-way analysis of variance- these were utilized used to determine the

significant difference in effects of mobile usage of the study habits when data are

categorized according to age and strand.

 Chapter III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the presentation of results and discussion of the

data gathered based on the research problem and hypotheses theorized for this

study. The presentation of data is in the order arranged according to the

statements of problem in an attempt to answer them accordingly.

The first question is sought to answer is “What is the demographic profile

of the students in terms of: Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Strand and Socio-

Economic Status?”

Table 2: AGE
Age of the Respondent Frequency Percent
15-17 Years Old 84 56.0%
18-20 Years Old 62 41.3%
21 Above 4 2.7%
Total 150 100.0%

Table 2 shows the range of the age of the 150 students (respondents). There were

62 respondents under the range of age 18-20 with 41.3%; 4 respondents under

the range of age 21 - above with 2.7%. Majority of the respondents were under

range of age 15-17 with 56.0%.

Table 3: GENDER
Gender of the Respondent Frequency Percent
Female 84 56.0%
Male 66 44.0%
 Total
150 100.0%

Table 3 shows that a total of 150 respondents participated in the study. There were

66 males and 84 females. Majority of the respondents are females with 56.0% and

only 44.0% were males.

Table 4: ETHNICITY
Ethnicity of the Respondent Frequency Percent
Zamboangueňo 43 28.7%
Visayan 14 9.3%
Tagalog 17 11.3%
Tausug 68 45.3%
Others 8 5.3%
Total 150 100.0%

In terms of ethnicity, table 4 shows that there were 43 Zamboangueño (28.7%), 14

Visayan (9.3%), 17 Tagalog (11.3%), 68 Tausug (45.3%) and 8 other minor ethic

groups (5.3%). Majority of the students who responds in the survey belongs to the

Tausug ethnicity were most of the students in Universidad de Zamboanga Senior

High School are Muslim and their ethnicity are Tausug.

Table 5: STRAND
Strand of the Respondents Frequency Percent
STEM 30 20.0%
HUMSS 30 20.0%
ABM 15 10.7%
GAS 25 16.0%
TVL 50 33.3%
Total 150 100.0%
Table 5 shows that there were 30 STEM (20.0%), 30 HUMSS (20.0%), 15 ABM

(10.7%), 25 GAS (16.0%) and 50 TVL (33.3%). Majority of the students belong to

TVL strand with 33.3% respondents. It shows that even though STEM Strand are

numerous than TVL Strand there are still more students from TVL Strand are using

their mobile smartphone as a helpful device.

Table 6: SOCIO-ECONOMICS STATUS

Socio-Economic Status Frequency Percent
High (above 100,000.00) 12 8.0%
Middle (30,000.00-99,000.00) 41 27.3%
Low (5,000.00-29,000.00) 97 64.7%
Total 150 100.0%

The table 6 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of their

socio-economic status wherein the majority of the respondent is in Low Social

status with a 97 out of 150 respondents or 64.7% of the entire sample size. Which

means that the most of the students in Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High

School are constituent of voucher program of Department of Education that

students can either study in Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School.

The second question that this study sought to answer is "What are the

effects of mobile smartphones on the study habits of the Universidad de

Zamboanga Senior High School Students?”

 Table 7: Statement
Item STATEMENT Weighted Decision
Mean
1 Utilizing Smartphones help students 4.28 Very
accomplish tasks on time. Accurate
2 Students limit their smartphones usage to 4.09 Very
avoid distraction on their study routine. Accurate
3 Smartphone usage provides opportunity for 4.23 Very
students to access academic materials to Accurate
improve their performance.
4 Smartphone usage helps students gather 4.21 Very
notes in detailed order live information. Accurate
5 Smartphone serves me as an influential 4.17 Very
academic tool for students. Accurate
6 Students are self-organized if they are 4.14 Very
utilizing smartphone in lecture purposes. Accurate
7 Applications on smartphone have unlimited 4.14 Very
free educational resources making Accurate
comprehension easier in classroom activities.
8 Students are more engaged when they are 4.07 Very
allowed to use their smartphone in class. Accurate
9 Students are assertive upon utilization of 4.19 Very
smartphones which leads to convenience in Accurate
surfing the net for lecture.
10 Students have more interactive learning when 4.09 Very
they utilize applications from each Accurate
smartphone.
Total 4.16
Very
Accurate
Legend: 4.3 – 5.0 Very much Accurate, 3.5 – 4.2 Very Accurate, 2.6 – 3.4

Moderately Accurate, 1.8 – 2.5 Slightly Accurate, and 1.0 – 1.7 Not Accurate at All.

Table 7 shows the weighted mean rating with the corresponding verbal description

of the responses of the students (respondents) in the Mobile Smartphones: It's

Effects on the Study Habits of the Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School

Students statement.

Of the five (5) constructs on the Mobile Smartphones: It's Effects on the

Study Habits of the Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School Students

statement mentioned, item 1 which state, "Utilizing Smartphones help students

accomplish tasks on time. " obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.28 described

as very accurate out of all them by the students, followed by item 3, “Smartphone

usage provides opportunity for students to access academic materials to improve

their performance.” with a weighted mean of 4.23 also described as very accurate.

While item 8, "Students are more engaged when they are allowed to use their

smartphones in class." got the lowest weighted mean of 4.07 described as very

accurate by the students, followed by item 2, “Students limit their smartphones

usage to avoid distraction on their study routine.” and item 10, “Students have

more interactive learning when they utilize applications from each smartphone.”

with a weighted mean of 4.09 which means that the items are very accurate. This

is an indication that the effects of mobile smartphones agreed by the students

affects on their study habits in school. The overall weighted mean is 4.16 described

as very accurate. This is an indication that the effects of mobile smartphones have

a great impact on their study habits in school.

The third question that this study sought to answer “Is there any significant

relationship between the effects of mobile smartphones on the study habits

and the students when they are grouped according to their profile?”

Table 8: One-Way ANOVA

Sum of Mean
Squares df Square F Sig. Decision

AGE Between Groups 6.906 21 .329 Accept

Within Groups 38.427 128 .300 1.095 .361 Ho

Total 45.333 149

 GENDER Between Groups 8.862 21 .422 Accept
Within Groups 34.398 128 .269 1.570 .067 Ho

Total 43.260 149

ETHNICITY Between Groups 37.158 21 1.769 Accept
Within Groups 247.135 128 1.931 .916 .571 Ho

Total 284.293 149

STRAND Between Groups 61.942 21 2.950 Accept
Within Groups 304.351 128 2.378 1.241 .229 Ho

Total 366.293 149

Socio- Between Groups 9.332 21 .444 Accept
Economics Within Groups 51.501 128 .402 1.104 .352 Ho
Status Total 60.833 149

Table 8 presents the result of One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the

Mobile Smartphones: It`s Effects on the Study Habits of the Universidad de

Zamboanga Senior High School Students when the data were analyzed according

to the respondents` age, gender, ethnicity, strand, socio-economic status. The

findings show that there is no significant relationship between mobile smartphones:

it`s effects on the study habits of Universidad de Zamboanga senior high school

students according to age, gender, ethnicity, strand, socio-economic status. The

result reveals that (p value= .329 for age, p value= 0.67 for gender, p value= .571

for ethnicity, p value= .229 for strand and p value= .352 for socio-economic status).
 Chapter IV
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendation based on the

findings of the study.

In this chapter, the researchers will discuss the conclusion of this research

based from the findings.

1. In terms of the age of the respondents, majority of the respondents were

under range of age 15 – 17 with 56.0%. In terms of the gender of the

respondents, it shows that total of 150 respondents participated in this

study, there were 84 females and 66 males. Majority of the respondents are

females with 56.0% and only 44% were males. In terms of ethnicity, there

were 43 Zamboangueño (28.7%), 14 Visayan (9.3%), 17 Tagalog (11.3%),

68 Tausug (45.3%) and 8 other minor ethic groups (5.3%). Majority of the

students who responds in the survey belongs to the Tausug ethnicity were

most of the students in Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School are

Muslim and their ethnicity are Tausug. In terms of strand, there were 30

STEM (20.0%), 30 HUMSS (20.0%), 15 ABM (10.7%), 25 GAS (16.0%) and

50 TVL (33.3%). Majority of the students belong to TVL strand with 33.3%

respondents. In terms of socio-economic status, wherein the majority of the

respondent is in Low Social status with a 97 out of 150 respondents or

64.7% of the entire sample size.

 2. "Utilizing Smartphones help students accomplish tasks on time. " obtained

the highest weighted mean of 4.28 described as very accurate out of all

them by the students. This is an indication that the effects of mobile

smartphones agreed by the students affects on their study habits in school.

"Students are more engaged when they are allowed to use their

smartphones in class." got the lowest weighted mean of 4.07 described as

very accurate by the students. This is an indication that allowing students in

using smartphones in class as a helpful device makes students engaged to

learn more by using their smartphone for searching more information. The

overall weighted mean is 4.16 described as very accurate. This is an

indication that the effects of mobile smartphones have a great impact on

their study habits in school.

3. Students of Universidad de Zamboanga Senior High School are using

smartphones not just for communicating devices but also a helpful device

that can get more information about their lesson in class. Thus, the effect of

mobile smartphone academically helps students to improve their study

habits. Smartphones have a great impact on their study habits in school.

Recommendation

Based from the findings and conclusion, the following recommendations

are hereby:
1. For the Teachers should allow their students in utilizing this smartphone

inside the classroom. Hence, In a proper way or in appropriate way.

2. For the school the Universidad de Zamboanga or the institution itself

should plan the good impact in utilizing the smartphone in the lives of

students make them productive in school works.

3. For the Students will apprehend the proper way in using the smartphone

in their school purposes.

4. For the future researchers to give them an idea on how smartphone can

be valuable in the world of education especially the students and for the

future.