Textile

© SABS.
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copyright rules. The standard or parts thereof may not be distributed in any form without permission from the SABS.
ISBN 978-0-626-32807-8
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Textiles — Dimensional stability during

domestic washing and drying procedures
Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof  Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
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 SABS
© SABS. This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS/TC038/SC 01, Textiles –
Test methods for textiles, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in
compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This edition cancels and replaces the first revision (SABS SM 1167:1994).
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B and C are for information only.
Compliance with a South African National Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
obligations.
Reaffirmed and reprinted in March 2016.

This document will be reviewed every five years
and be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.
© SABS
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
Textiles — Dimensional stability during domestic washing and drying

procedures
1 Scope
This standard specifies a method of determining the effect of domestic washing and drying
procedures on the dimensional stability of fabrics, garments and other textile articles. Eight
domestic washing procedures and five drying procedures are described. A complete test consists of
a washing and a drying procedure.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a
standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements
based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions
of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards
can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
ISO 6330, Textiles – Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing.
SANS 70, Conditioning of textiles and standard temperate atmosphere for determining their
physical and mechanical properties.
SANS 651, Low-foam laundry detergent (for use in automatic and non-automatic domestic washing
machines).
3 Principle
A test specimen is marked, conditioned, measured and then washed in a domestic washing
machine and dried in accordance with the appropriate specified procedures. After reconditioning,
the test specimen is remeasured and the dimensional change is calculated.
4 Apparatus and reagents

4.1 Flat table, of dimensions such that the complete article or fabric specimen under test can be
laid flat for marking and measurement.
4.2 Measuring device(s), that consist(s) of a rule of length exceeding the longest dimension to be
measured and that has an engraved, bevelled edge that is graduated in millimetres. The rule is
used in conjunction with, or in place of, a suitable template of size at least 500 mm × 500 mm.
© SABS 1
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
4.3 Suitable means for the marking of datum marks, for example an indelible marking pen, or
fine threads of a colour that contrasts with that of the fabric and so stitched that they will not inhibit
any dimensional change of the fabric during testing.
4.4 Detergent, either IEC test detergent, as specified in ISO 6330, or a commercial detergent that
complies with the requirements of SANS 651. (See also 7.1.)
4.5 Domestic washing machine, of one of the following types:

a) an automatic washing machine of the front-loading horizontal rotating drum type that has a
rotating drum of diameter 550 mm ± 100 mm and of depth at least 240 mm and three or four
equally spaced lifting vanes that extend the full depth of the drum. The rotating speed of the
drum is 50 r/min ± 10 r/min during washing and 700 r/min ± 300 r/min during hydro-extraction
(spin). Heating is achieved by means of steam or electric heating and is thermostatically
controlled to provide the appropriate washing temperature given in table 1; or
b) a non-automatic washing machine of the top-loading agitator or impeller type that has a wash tub
of diameter 500 mm ± 50 mm and of depth to the high dip level at least 250 mm. The rotating
speed of the tub during hydro-extraction is at least 300 r/min. The washing temperature can be
set to the appropriate of the temperatures given in table 2.
4.6 Ballast (loading cloths, make-weights), in the form of overlocked, double-layer woven or
2 2
knitted continuous-filament polyester fabric of mass in the range 140 g/m to 200 g/m and of size at
least 300 mm × 300 mm, but not exceeding 500 mm × 500 mm.
4.7 Flat-bed press, that has an operating temperature of 150 °C ± 15 °C and that is capable of
drying the specimen to below its conditioned mass and of applying sufficient pressure to remove
any creases from the test specimen.
4.8 Domestic tumble dryer, of the rotary tumbler type, that

a) has a cylindrical basket of diameter at least 550 mm and of depth at least 350 mm,
b) is equipped with a means of maintaining a drying temperature of approximately 70 °C, and
c) has a facility for providing a cooling period, i.e. with the heat turned off, at the end of the drying
cycle.
4.9 Screen drying racks, of meshed stainless steel or of suitable plastics material.
4.10 Suitable facilities for drip-drying or line drying.
5 Conditioning
Before testing, and before taking any measurements, condition the test specimen(s) for at least 4 h,
in accordance with SANS 70.
6 Preparation of test specimens

6.1 So cut a test specimen, of size at least 500 mm × 500 mm, from an uncreased part of the test
sample that the adjacent edges are parallel to the warp (length or wale) direction and the weft
(width or course) direction respectively. In the case of
2 © SABS
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
a) a full-width piece, cut a test specimen from a position at least 1 m, and preferably 3 m, from
either end of the piece and at least 75 mm from either selvedge;
b) weft-knitted fabrics, prepare a double-layer test specimen by stitching together, around their
edges, two single-layer specimens such that the wale direction of each specimen is aligned; or
c) narrow fabrics, use a full width test specimen.
NOTE In the case of loosely structured fabrics, it is recommended that the edges be overlocked, using a
dimensionally stable sewing thread, to prevent excessive fraying or unravelling of the edges during testing.
6.2 In the case of made-up articles, either test the complete article or cut a test specimen from the
article as given in 6.1. If it is not possible to cut a test specimen of the required size, cut a test
specimen of the largest size possible.
6.3 Place the test specimen or made-up article flat on the table (see 4.1) and, using the measuring
device(s) (see 4.2), mark (see 4.3) and measure the test specimen as follows:
a) in the case of cut test specimens, or made-up articles of suitable size, make three pairs of datum
marks, at least 350 mm apart (250 mm in the case of narrow fabrics), in both the warp (length or
wale) direction and the weft (width or course) direction; and
b) in the case of made-up articles such as garments, make datum marks either as in 6.3 (a), on
specific parts of the garment, for example leg, sleeve and body, or measure between specific
points, for example neckpoint to hem, leg length, waist, or sleeve length, as indicated in the
relevant product specification or as agreed upon between the parties concerned (see annex A).
6.4 Measure and record, to the nearest millimetre, the distance between the datum marks or
specific points, as relevant.
7 Washing procedures
NOTE Details of washing procedures considered suitable for various fabric compositions and laundering
requirements are given in annex B.
7.1 Select the appropriate washing procedure given in table 1 or table 2, as specified in the
relevant product specification or as agreed upon between the parties concerned (see annex A).
Use the IEC test detergent (see 4.4), unless use of a commercial detergent is specified in the
relevant product specification or agreed upon between the parties concerned (see annex A).
Table 1 — Procedures to be used for front-loading machines (see 4.5(a))
1 2 3
Procedure Temperature Duration of wash
°C min
F1 92 ± 3 30
F2 60 ± 3 30
F3 50 ± 3 15
F4 40 ± 3 15
© SABS 3
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
Table 2 — Procedures to be used for top-loading machines (see 4.5(b))
1 2 3 4 5
Procedure Temperature Duration of wash Rinsing Duration of spin
°C min min
T1 70 ± 3 15 5
T2 60 ± 3 15 At least one 5
T3 50 ± 3 10 rinse of 5 min 3
T4 40 ± 3 10 3
7.2 Place the test specimen(s) in the washing machine (see 4.5), together with sufficient ballast
(see 4.6) to make up a wash load of the required dry mass. Ensure that not more than half of the
total wash load consists of test specimens.
NOTE It is recommended that the following formulae be used to calculate the comparative quantities for mass
of dry load, high dip level and detergent, for machines of different types and drum dimensions:
a) V = ( πr 2L )10-6
where
V is the volume of the drum, in litres, ignoring the space occupied by the lifters/agitator/impeller;
r is the radius of the drum, in millimetres;
L is the depth of the drum, in millimetres.
b) M = (0,060 ± 0,004) V
where
M is the dry mass of the test load, in kilograms;
V is the volume of the drum (from (a) above).
c) In the case of front-loading machines:
H = (0,54 ± 0,04) V
In the case of top-loading machines:
H = (1,08 ± 0,08) V
where
H is the high dip level, in litres;
d) In the case of front-loading machines:
D = (0,54 ± 0,04) V
In the case of top-loading machines:
D = (1,08 ± 0,08) V
4 © SABS
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
where
D is the quantity of detergent, in grams;
7.3 Fill the machine with water to the high dip level, add the required quantity of detergent and
start the washing cycle (see table 1).
7.4 If a test specimen is required to be drip-dried (see 8.5), stop the machine just before the spin
cycle of the final rinse cycle and remove the test specimen, taking care not to stretch or distort it.
Subject the ballast to the final spin cycle.
7.5 After the final spin cycle of the washing procedure has been completed, remove each test
specimen (and the ballast), taking care not to stretch or distort the test specimen during handling,
and dry it (and the ballast) in accordance with one of the drying procedures described in clause 8,
as given in the relevant product specification or as agreed upon between the parties concerned
(see annex A).
8 Drying procedures
8.1 General
If no other method of drying is specified or agreed upon by the parties concerned (see annex A), dry
each test specimen in accordance with the procedure given in 8.2.
8.2 Procedure A: flat-bed press drying

Without distorting it, place the test specimen flat on the bed of the press (see 4.7) and apply
sufficient pressure for one or more short periods, until enough moisture has been removed to
ensure conditioning from the dry side of equilibrium.
8.3 Procedure B: tumble drying

Place the test specimen (and the ballast) in the tumble dryer (see 4.8) and operate the dryer at
70 °C until the load is dry to the touch (usually 20 min to 40 min), then continue to tumble dry for
approximately 5 min with the heat turned off. Remove the test specimen and lay it flat to condition.
8.4 Procedure C: flat drying

Spread the test specimen out on the horizontal screen drying rack (see 4.9), remove any wrinkles
by hand without stretching or distorting the test specimen, and allow it to air-dry at a temperature
not exceeding 60 °C.
8.5 Procedure D: drip-drying (see 4.10)

Allow the test specimen (that has been removed from the machine before the spin cycle of the final
rinse cycle (see 7.4)) to dry in accordance with the procedure given in 8.6.
8.6 Procedure E: line drying (see 4.10)

Suspend the test specimen from a line, in still air at room temperature, and allow it to air-dry.
Ensure that the warp (length or wale) direction of the specimen is vertical and that made-up articles
are suspended in the direction of use.
© SABS 5
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
9 Reconditioning and remeasuring

After completion of the relevant drying procedure, recondition each test specimen as described in
clause 5. Remeasure each test specimen and record, to the nearest millimetre, the distance
between the datum marks or specific points, as relevant (see 6.3).
10 Calculation
For each test specimen, calculate the dimensional change, in each direction, to the nearest 0,1 % of
the corresponding original value. Indicate a decrease in dimension by a minus sign (−) and an
increase in dimension by a plus sign (+). In the case of piece-goods, calculate the mean percentage
dimensional change of the test specimen in the warp (length or wale) direction and the weft (width
or course) direction, separately. In the case of a garment, calculate the percentage dimensional
change for each measuring point.
Calculate the percentage dimensional change C, using the following formula:
B − A
C = × 100
A
where
C is the percentage dimensional change;
B is the distance between the datum marks after washing;
A is the distance between the datum marks before washing.
11 Test report
Report the following information:
a) all the data needed to identify the specimen tested;
b) confirmation that the test was carried out in accordance with this standard;
c) any deviation from this standard;
d) when relevant, the type of detergent used;
e) the washing procedure used;
f) the drying procedure used; and
g) the mean of the dimensional changes
1) in the warp (length or wale) direction, and
2) in the weft (width or course) direction, or
3) in the case of made-up articles such as garments (see 6.3(b)), between the specific
measuring points.
6 © SABS
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
Annex A
(normative)
Notes to users
When relevant, and if not specified in the relevant product specification, the following shall be
agreed upon between the parties concerned:
a) in the case of made-up articles such as garments, whether to make datum marks on specific
parts of the garment or to measure between specific points (see 6.3(b));
b) the appropriate washing procedure (see 7.1);
c) the use of a commercial detergent (see 7.1); and
d) the drying procedure to be used (see 7.5 and 8.1).
Annex B
(informative)
Information and guidance on suitable

applications for the washing procedures
Details of washing procedures considered suitable for various fabric compositions and laundering
requirements are given in table B.1.
Table B.1 — Suitable washing procedures
1 2
Washing
Fabric composition and laundering requirements
procedure
Cotton and cellulosic blend fabrics that are required to
withstand severe washing F1/T1
Cellulosics, polyesters, polyamides, polyester/cellulosic
blend fabrics that are required to withstand frequent
washing at moderate temperatures F2/T2
Acrylics, acetates, cuprammonium rayon, all minimum
care fabrics F3/T3
Normal washable wool fabrics (including blankets) F4/T4
NOTE Other details concerning suitable labelling symbols for washing,
bleaching, ironing, dry cleaning and tumble drying are given in
SANS 10011.
© SABS 7
SANS 11167:2005
Edition 3
Annex C
(informative)
Summarized version of test method, and worked example

This annex gives a basic outline of the steps to be followed in determining the dimensional changes
of textiles during washing and drying and gives a worked example (see table C.1). This summary
serves only as a guide to a person who has studied the full method carefully and should not be
used as a substitute for the full method, which contains important details.
Table C.1 — Summarized version of test method, and worked example
1 2
Procedure Worked example
1) Prepare, mark and measure the conditioned Warp direction Weft direction
fabric, made-up article or garment specimen.
352 351
351 351
350 352
1 053 1 054
2) Select the appropriate washing procedure from –
those given in table 1 or table 2.
3) Place the wash load in the washing machine, fill –
the machine with water to the high dip level, add
detergent and start the machine.
4) If a specimen is to be drip-dried, remove it from –
the machine before the final spin cycle and dry it
in accordance with 8.6.
5) After the final spin cycle, remove the test –
specimen and dry it using the relevant
procedure given in clause 8.
6) Condition the dried test specimen in accordance –
with clause 5 and remeasure between the
datum marks or specific points.
7) Calculate the dimensional change. 345 347
343 346
342 347
1 030 1 040
1030 − 1053
Warp = × 100 = − 2,2 %
1053
1040 − 1054
Weft = × 100 = − 1,3 %
1054
8) Report the results to the nearest 0,1 %. –
Bibliography
SANS 10011, Care-labelling of textile piece-goods, textile articles.
______________
8 © SABS
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© SABS.

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Textiles — Dimensional stability during

Published by SABS Standards Division

Reaffirmed and reprinted in March 2016.

Textiles — Dimensional stability during domestic washing and drying

4 Apparatus and reagents

4.5 Domestic washing machine, of one of the following types:

4.8 Domestic tumble dryer, of the rotary tumbler type, that

b) is equipped with a means of maintaining a drying temperature of approximately 70 °C, and

4.10 Suitable facilities for drip-drying or line drying.

6 Preparation of test specimens

c) narrow fabrics, use a full width test specimen.

Table 1 — Procedures to be used for front-loading machines (see 4.5(a))

Table 2 — Procedures to be used for top-loading machines (see 4.5(b))

r is the radius of the drum, in millimetres;

L is the depth of the drum, in millimetres.

M is the dry mass of the test load, in kilograms;

V is the volume of the drum (from (a) above).

c) In the case of front-loading machines:

In the case of top-loading machines:

H is the high dip level, in litres;

V is the volume of the drum (from (a) above).

d) In the case of front-loading machines:

In the case of top-loading machines:

D is the quantity of detergent, in grams;

V is the volume of the drum (from (a) above).

8.2 Procedure A: flat-bed press drying

8.3 Procedure B: tumble drying

8.4 Procedure C: flat drying

8.5 Procedure D: drip-drying (see 4.10)

8.6 Procedure E: line drying (see 4.10)

9 Reconditioning and remeasuring

Calculate the percentage dimensional change C, using the following formula:

C is the percentage dimensional change;

B is the distance between the datum marks after washing;

A is the distance between the datum marks before washing.

a) all the data needed to identify the specimen tested;

c) any deviation from this standard;

d) when relevant, the type of detergent used;

e) the washing procedure used;

f) the drying procedure used; and

g) the mean of the dimensional changes

1) in the warp (length or wale) direction, and

2) in the weft (width or course) direction, or

b) the appropriate washing procedure (see 7.1);

c) the use of a commercial detergent (see 7.1); and

d) the drying procedure to be used (see 7.5 and 8.1).

Information and guidance on suitable

Table B.1 — Suitable washing procedures

Summarized version of test method, and worked example

Table C.1 — Summarized version of test method, and worked example

SABS – Standards Division

Amendments and Revisions

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