Strategic Management Report

TOPIC
Awareness Regarding Antenatal & Post Natal Care and Preference of Female Doctors
among Males and Females within Residence of Karachi
COURSE NAME
Strategic Management
Faculty: Dr. Asima Zahid Submitted by: Ambreen Aziz

Hilal Ahmed
Health and Hospital Management Program, IoBM
April 12, 2019
1
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Date: 18th March , 2019
Dear Readers:
Here is the report, Awareness Regarding Antenatal & Post Natal Care and Preference of Female
Doctors among Males and Females within Residence of Karachi, which is the requirement for the
completion of Strategic Management Course, MBA in Health and Hospital Management Program.
This project report has never been used/ submitted in any other university/ program/ publication/
examination. The group members of this report declare that this report is an original work except
where citations stated. This declaration constitutes an assertion that full and accurate references
and citations have been included contributed in this report directly or indirectly. The group
members permit to use this report for consultation and using its part for personal use but rules of
copyright have to be respected.
I am thankful to you, for providing me with the guidance and support which has added to my
knowledge and understanding of the topic. I hope that the research findings of this study would be
useful and would pave the way to further research in the similar area.
Thanks & Regards,
Ambreen Aziz (21846)

Hilal Ahmed (22933)
2
Group Members Name & Profile
Ambreen Abdul Aziz
I am a graduate of Aga Khan University and have completed my BSCN in 2015. Currently
working as a Senior Officer in Quality Improvement & Patient Safety department at The Indus
Hospital. I am currently in my fifth semester of MBA in Health & Hospital Management &
looking forward to pursue my PHD from the same institute.
Contact Number: 0346-3576061
Email id: std_21846@iob.edu.pk
Hilal Ahmed Mujahid
I am a Pharm-D graduate from University of Karachi, currently working as an Assistant Manager
Regulatory Affairs at Indus Pharma (Pvt.) Ltd. having a versatile experience of International
Regulatory in Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Medical Devices. Along with this I am also
pursuing my professional degree in Health and Hospital Management from Institute of Business
Management.
Contact Number: 0336-3773901
Email id: std_22933@iob.edu.pk
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude to our teacher Dr Asima Faisal for her guidance and
support throughout this project of Strategic Management on Awareness Regarding Antenatal &
Post Natal Care among Males and Females within Residence of Karachi .Also we would like to
thanks the participants of community members of Korangi Area and Garden for allowing us to
proceed with data collection.
4
TURNITIN REPORT
5
Contents
Group Members Name & Profile .................................................................................................................. 3
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Study Title:.................................................................................................................................................... 8
Awareness Regarding Antenatal & Post Natal Care and Preference of Female Doctors among Males and
Females within Residence of Karachi ........................................................................................................... 8
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 8
History and Background ........................................................................................................................... 8
Rationale ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Target segment ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Interview Strategy ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Discussion & Results .................................................................................................................................. 11
MALES OF KORANGI: .................................................................................................................... 11
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANTENATAL CARE .............................................................................. 16
WHO PERFORMED THE DELIVERY?................................................................................................... 17
WHERE WAS ANTENATAL CARE DONE ............................................................................................ 17
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Ethical recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 50
General Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 51
Picture ......................................................................................................................................................... 52
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Appendix 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 53
References ................................................................................................................................................... 54
6
Executive Summary
Key words: USAID “United State Agency for International Development”
Pakistan is one of the under developing nation where their women are prevent from having basic
necessities and healthcare facilities are still inaccessible to many of women. This study is based
on maternal & child health to identify the awareness of ante natal and post-natal care among male
and females of different areas of Karachi. Methodology targeted for this study is interview and
questionnaire based by visiting different hospitals located in both privileged and non-privileged
areas. From comparative analysis most of the participants residing in under privileged areas were
found with lack of information and awareness regarding antenatal and postnatal care whereas those
residing in preveliged areas have aforementioned variable of knowledge. Further, preference is
also given to female doctor for any of the antenatal and postnatal care.
Ongoing teaching is recommended to provide the basic knowledge regarding antenatal and
postnatal care.
7
Study Title:
Awareness Regarding Antenatal & Post Natal Care and Preference of Female Doctors among
Males and Females within Residence of Karachi
Introduction
History and Background
Pakistani women are deprived of even the basic necessities. The health facilities are inaccessible
to many Pakistani women even after so much of efforts. According to a survey done by USAID,
It has been noticed that there are huge disparities among the utilization of various health facilities.
The reason behind the disparities are the difference between the economic status, the poor are left
underprivileged and the rich people only get the change to avail the aforementioned health benefits.
According to the USAID data, the efforts for attaining millennium development goal 4 & 5 that
are related to maternal & child health is lacked by Pakistani government. The overall population
is expected to rise till 300 million by 2050. The maternal mortality ratio was identified to be 276
in 2006 – 207. More deaths were reported in rural areas than urban area.
Various researches have been conducted regarding maternal and child health. The major topics of
that study were regarding the awareness of females regarding antenatal and post-natal care.
However, there is limited information regarding knowledge in males are available.
8
Rationale
Rational for conducting this research study is that the concerns for maternal & child health is
increasing drastically. As the population is increasing, it is important to have awareness regarding
very significant and essential part of conception. The lack of awareness is causing a noncompliance
towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal hence, Good health and wellbeing of people
remains unfulfilled. Moreover, the antenatal and post-natal awareness may vary on the basis of
demographics hence it creates unequal care provision amongst the females and may cause maternal
and child health issues. The other rational of this study is to analyze the preference of female Obese
& Guyanese consultants in Pakistan.
Objectives
1. The goal for the study is to identify the awareness of ante natal and post-natal checkup among
male and females of Korangi.
2. To identify the awareness of ante natal and post-natal checkup among male and females of
Garden Area.
3. To give teaching during data collection to males and females regarding ante natal and post-
natal check up on need basis. .
4. To compare the analysis of residence of both the communities.
5. To identify the preference of choosing a female gynecologist in Pakistan.
9
Target segment
The target segment for this research study is the residence of Korangi and Garden area.
Moreover, the data will also be collected from the women and men, visiting Sheikh Saeed
Hospital situated in Korangi. Pregnant women and those who recently delivered the baby were
chosen as target population. Moreover their husband was chosen to identify the difference of the
knowledge.
Interview Strategy
The interview was collected using questionnaire (Annexure A). The tool contained all the
demographic information and questions to illustrate the above mention objectives of the study. A
language that is easily understandable by participants will be used in order to make them
understand the context of the questions.
Population of Korangi and Garden was selected. Both the areas were selected for their comparative
analysis. Moreover, males and females both were interviewed independently to access their level
of knowledge and to exclude any influence.
10
Discussion & Results
MALES OF KORANGI:
While studying the population data of Korangi, following findings were noted:
Mean Age of Participants
The mean age of male were found to be 31.80. The minimum age was found to be 21 and
maximum was 47 years of age.
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Age 15 21 47 31.80 8.537
Valid N (list wise) 15
Age group of Males
Age of participants
3
0
25 21 28 45 23 34 23 36 47 24 37 41 38 30
Number of participants
Age of Marriage:
Out of 15 males, 1 was married before he turned 15, while 8 married in the age group of 15-20, 6
got married at 20 – 25 years of age.
11
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Below 15 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
15-20 8 53.3 53.3 60.0
20-25 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Level of Education
Out of 15 participants, 8 were completely uneducated. However, 4 studied till primary school, 2
till secondary school and only one did graduation.

Percent
Valid None 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Primary 4 26.7 26.7 80.0
Secondary 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
Graduate 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
12
Level of education
7%
None
13%
Primary
27% 53% Secondary

Graduate
Wife delivered first baby
The mean age of their wives at the time of their first baby was found to be 18 years of age. The
minimum age was 14 and the maximum age was 22.
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.

Deviation
At what age did your wife 15 14 22 18.20 2.077
delivered your first baby
This depicts the breakdown according to age. Out of 15, one woman gave birth when they were
14 and 17 years of age. However two women gave birth for the first time at 16 and 22 years of
age. 5 women gave birth at 18 years of age and 4 gave birth at 19 years of age.
13
22, 2 14, 1 16, 2
19, 4 17, 1
18, 5
Marital Status
Out of 15 participants, 13 were married, 1 was divorced and 1 was separated.

Percent
Valid Married 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Divorced 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
Separated 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Occupation
As most of the males were under educated, most of the males were found to be employed as drivers,
and housekeeping staff. The table below shows the occupations of all the participants.
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

Percent Percent
Valid Driver 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
Gardener 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
Housekeeping staff 2 13.3 13.3 40.0
Pan Shop 1 6.7 6.7 46.7
Security Guard 1 6.7 6.7 53.3
Self employed 1 6.7 6.7 60.0
Teacher 1 6.7 6.7 66.7
Uber Driver 1 6.7 6.7 73.3
Unemployed 3 20.0 20.0 93.3
Wood crafter 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
14
Number of People in Household
Most of the participant was found to be in nuclear family. The mean numbers of participants were
found to be 6.6 with a standard deviation of 3.15.
N Minimu Maximu Mean Std.

m m Deviation
How many people (adults 15 2 12 6.67 3.155
and children) live in this
household?
Number of Live Birth
In the population of Korangi out of 15 participant, 4 have 1 and 2 live births. However, 1
participant also has 8 live birth babies.

Percent
Valid 1 4 26.7 26.7 26.7
2 4 26.7 26.7 53.3
3 3 20.0 20.0 73.3
4 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
6 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
7 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
8 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
15
Number of times conceived
5 participates responded that their wives conceived more than twice. However one was found to have
conceived 9 and more than 9 times.
How many times have your wife conceived?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
more 2 13.3 13.3 13.3

1 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
2 5 33.3 33.3 60.0
3 3 20.0 20.0 80.0
Valid
4 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
6 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
9 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANTENATAL CARE

Out of 15 participants only 4 had an idea regarding antenatal care. While 11 had no idea about the
antenatal care.
Do you have any idea about ante natal care?

Yes 4 26.7 26.7 26.7
Valid No 11 73.3 73.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
27%
Yes
No
73%
16
WHO PERFORMED THE DELIVERY?
Most of the participants took their wife to Dai for delivery. However only four participants went to the
doctor. 4 participates saw LHV and 4 preferred nurse for the delivery.
Whom did you see?

Doctor 4 26.7 26.7 26.7
Nurse 2 13.3 13.3 40.0

Valid Dai-TBA 6 40.0 40.0 80.0
Lady Health Visitor 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
20% Doctor
27%
Nurse
Dai- TBA
13%
40% Lady Health Visitor
WHERE WAS ANTENATAL CARE DONE?

4 participants responded that the antenatal care was provided at home, government hospital & private
hospitals. While one responded that she seeked BHC, homeopathic clinic and other facilities for the
antenatal care. Where did your wife receive antenatal Home care for her pregnancy?
Other 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Your Home 4 26.7 26.7 33.3
Govt. HOspital 4 26.7 26.7 60.0

Valid BHC 1 6.7 6.7 66.7
Pvt. Hospital 4 26.7 26.7 93.3

Homeopatheic Clinic 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
17
HOW MANY MONTHS OLD WAS YOUR WIFE WHEN SHE FIRST
RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE?
11 participants responded that their wife never received antenatal care. However, 1 did not know the
number of ties the wife received the care. 3 participants responded that wife received the care in 7 and
8 months
How many months pregnant was your wife when she first received Months antenatal care for
this pregnancy?
7 months 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
8 months 1 6.7 6.7 20.0

Valid Never 11 73.3 73.3 93.3
Not Know 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
RECOMMENDED CHECK UPS

11 participants responded that antenatal checkup weren’t required. However, 1 responded as 1,
1-2 , 5 and 7 times .
How many ante natal checkups are recommended in pregnancy?

0 11 73.3 73.3 73.3

1 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
1-2 1 6.7 6.7 86.7

Valid
5 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
7 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING POST NATAL CHECK UP

Only 6 participants responded to have awareness regarding post-natal care. However, the majority did not
have any ide regarding the post-natal care.
18
Do you have any idea regarding post-natal checkup?
Yes 6 40.0 40.0 40.0
Valid No 9 60.0 60.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
POST NATAL
40% Yes
60% No
ACCOMPANIED WIFE DURING POST NATAL CHECK UPS

Only 3 out of 15 participants accompanied their wife during their antenatal & post-natal
checkup.
Have you accompanied your wife for the antenatal and post natal checkup?
Yes 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
Valid No 12 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0
MALES OF GARDEN
The mean age of male were found to be 32.2. The minimum age was found to be 28 and maximum was
40 years of age.
19
Descriptive Statistics
Age 15 28 40 32.20 3.448
Valid N (listwise) 15
Age of participants
3
0
30 35 32 40 33 34 28 29 31 37 31
Number of participants
AGE OF MARRIAGE:
Out of 15 males, 3 married in the age group of 20- 25, 10 got married at 25-25- 30 years while 2
married after 30 years of age.
At what age you got married

20-25 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
25-30 10 66.7 66.7 86.7

Valid
More than 30 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
20
Age of getting married
13% 20%
20-25
25-30
67% More than 30
At what age did your wife delivered your first baby

18 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
22 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
23 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
24 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
25 2 13.3 13.3 46.7

Valid
28 4 26.7 26.7 73.3
29 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
30 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
31 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
LEVEL OF EDUCATION:
Out of 15 participants, 1 were completely uneducated and studied till primary school. However,
4 studied till secondary school, 6 did graduation and 3 did post-graduation.
Level of education
None 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Primary 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
Secondary 4 26.7 26.7 40.0

Valid
Graduate 6 40.0 40.0 80.0
Post Graduate 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
21
Level of education
6%
7%
None
20%
Primary
27%
40%
Secondary
Graduate
AGE WIFE DELIVERED FIRST BABY
WIFE DELIVERED FIRST BABY
The mean age of their wives at the time of their first baby was found to be 26.2 years of age. The
minimum age was 18 and the maximum age was 31.
At what age did your wife delivered 15 18 31 26.20 3.726

your first baby
At what age did your wife delivered your first baby

18 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
22 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
23 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
24 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
25 2 13.3 13.3 46.7

Valid
28 4 26.7 26.7 73.3
29 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
30 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
31 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
22
AGE OF DELEVERING FIRST BABY
18
13% 6%
7% 22
7% 23
13% 24
7%
25
7%
28
27% 13% 29
30
MARITAL STATUS:
Out of 15 males, 10 were married, 4 were divorced and 1 was separated.
What is your current marital status?
Married 10 66.7 66.7 66.7
Divorced 4 26.7 26.7 93.3

Valid
Separated 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
23
OCCUPATION OF MALES OF GARDEN:
Out of 15 males as most were educated, 2 were business men, 1 was driver, 1 was finance agent
and others belong to different professions. However, one was noted as Uber driver.
What is your occupation?

Business men 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
Driver 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
Finance agent 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
Makreting & Sales Agent 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
Manager 1 6.7 6.7 40.0
Officer 1 6.7 6.7 46.7
porter 1 6.7 6.7 53.3
Valid Porter 1 6.7 6.7 60.0
Receptionist 1 6.7 6.7 66.7
Sales Agent 1 6.7 6.7 73.3
Sales Man 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
Self employes 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
Senior Officer 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
Uber Driver 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
PEOPLE LIVING IN HOUSEHOLD:

Out of 15 males, the average number of people living in household were 2.87 however,
minimum number of people were 1 and maximum was found to be 5.
15 1 5 2.87 1.187
How many people (adults and
children) live in this household?
24
LIVE BIRTHS:
Most of the families had 1 and 2 number of live birth. However 3 and 4 live births were observed
by 3 and 2 number of people respectively.
How many live births have you had?

1 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
2 5 33.3 33.3 66.7
Valid 3 3 20.0 20.0 86.7
4 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Knowledge regarding antenatal care

12 men had knowledge regarding antenatal care. However 3 people had no knowledge regarding
antenatal care.
Do you have any idea about ante natal care

Yes 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
Valid No 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Knowledge
20%
Yes
No
80%
25
Most of the participants took their wife to doctor for delivery. However only one participants
went to the nurse.
Whom did you see?

Doctor 14 93.3 93.3 93.3
Valid Nurse 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Participants responded that the antenatal care was provided government hospital and 8 were
provided in private hospitals.
Where did your wife receive antenatal Home care for her pregnancy?
Govt. HOspital 7 46.7 46.7 46.7
Valid Pvt. Hospital 8 53.3 53.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
HOW MANY MONTHS OLD WAS YOUR WIFE WHEN SHE FIRST
RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE
2 participants responded that wife received the care in 1 month. While 1 answered that their wife
received care in 3 months. The answered were varied from 1 till 8 months. 1 participate had no
idea regarding the antenatal care.
How many months pregnant was your wife when she first received Months antenatal
care for this pregnancy?
1 month 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
1 months 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
2 months 3 20.0 20.0 33.3

Valid
3 months 1 6.7 6.7 40.0
5 months 2 13.3 13.3 53.3
6 months 1 6.7 6.7 60.0
26
7 months 3 20.0 20.0 80.0
8 months 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
No idea 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
RECOMMENDED CHECK UPS

There was variation in the answers. The answer ranged from 1 till 5 times. However, mostly
responded that 3 times were recommended. 5 people had no idea regarding the recommended
checkups during antenatal care.
5 times 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
1 time 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
1 times 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
1-2 time 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
2 times 1 6.7 6.7 33.3

Valid
3 times 3 20.0 20.0 53.3
4 times 1 6.7 6.7 60.0
4-5 time 1 6.7 6.7 66.7
No idea 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

9 participants responded to have awareness regarding post-natal care. However, did not have any
ide regarding the post-natal care.

Yes 9 60.0 60.0 60.0
Valid No 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
27
Knowledge
40% Yes
60% No
ACCOMPANIED WIFE DURING POST NATAL CHECK UPS

Only 5out of 15 participants accompanied their wife during their antenatal & post-natal checkup.
Have you accompanied your wife for the antenatal and post-natal checkup?
Yes 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
Valid No 10 66.7 66.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
FEMALES OF KORANGI
Mean age of participants
The mean age of females were found to be 22.8. The minimum age was found to be 18 and maximum was
35 years of age.
Age 15 18 35 22.87 5.167

28
Age
18 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
19 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
20 3 20.0 20.0 46.7
21 1 6.7 6.7 53.3
Valid 22 2 13.3 13.3 66.7
25 2 13.3 13.3 80.0
30 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
35 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Age
4
2
Series 1
0
18 19 20 21 22 25 30 35
29
DELIVERED FIRST BABY
The mean age at the time of their first baby was found to be 17.80 years of age. The minimum
age was 16 and the maximum age was 25
At what age you delivered your first 15 16 25 17.80 2.274

baby
At what age you delivered your first baby?

16 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
17 2 13.3 13.3 46.7
18 5 33.3 33.3 80.0

Valid
19 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
25 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
LEVEL OF EDUCATION:
Out of 15 participants, 10 were completely uneducated. However, 3 studied till primary school, 2
till secondary school.
Level of education
None 10 66.7 66.7 66.7
Primary 3 20.0 20.0 86.7

Valid
Secondary 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
30
AGE OF MARRIAGE
Out of 15 females, 3 married in the age group below 15 while 10 got married between 15-20
years of age, 2 married in 20- 25 years of age.
At what age you got married?

Below 15 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
15-20 10 66.7 66.7 86.7

Valid
20-25 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
MARITAL STATUS:
Out of 15 people, 13 were married, 1 was divorced and separated.

Married 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Divorced 1 6.7 6.7 93.3

Valid
Separated 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
HUSBAND ATTENDED SCHOOL:

Majority of the participants responded that their husbands never went to school however 3
responded that their husband attended school.
Did your husband ever attend school?

Yes 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
Valid No 12 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
31
OCCUPATION
Most of the husbands were found to be employed as gardener, fruit & vegetable seller and
housekeeping staff. The table below shows the occupations of all the participants
What is your husband's occupation?
Dont know 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Fruit Saler 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
Gardener 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
House Keeping 5 33.3 33.3 60.0
Job less 2 13.3 13.3 73.3

Valid
Juice cart 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
Police 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
Secuirty staff 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
Vegetable seller 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN HOUSEHOLD:

Most of the participant was found to be in nuclear family. The mean numbers of participants
were found to be 6.6 with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 15 people.
How many people (adults and children) live in this household?
1 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
10 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
15 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
3 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
4 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
Valid 5 3 20.0 20.0 53.3
6 3 20.0 20.0 73.3
7 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
8 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
9 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
32
15 1 15 6.60 3.334
How many people (adults and
children) live in this household?
NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTH

In the population of Korangi out of 15 participant, 7 have 2 live births. However, 5 participant
has 1 live birth babies. One female was found to have 1 baby while 2 had 3 babies.

1 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
2 7 46.7 46.7 80.0
Valid 3 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
6 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
NUMBER OF TIMES CONCEIVED

Out of 15 females, 1 conceived 6 times, and 6 females conceived twice, 3 females conceived 1
and 3 times and 2 conceived 4 times.
How many times have you conceived?

1 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
2 6 40.0 40.0 60.0
3 3 20.0 20.0 80.0

Valid
4 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
6 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
33
Out of 15 participants only 6 had an idea regarding antenatal care. While 9 had no idea about the
antenatal care.
Do you have any idea regarding antenatal checkup?
Yes 6 40.0 40.0 40.0
Valid No 9 60.0 60.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
EVER HAD ANTENATAL CHECKUPS

Out of 15 participants only 3 went for antenatal care. While 12 did not see anyone for antenatal
care.
Did you see anyone for antenatal care for your pregnancy?
Yes 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
Valid No 12 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Most of the participants took their wife to no one for delivery. However only 2 participants went
to the Dai and 1 went to nurse.
Whom did you see?

No one 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
Nurse 1 6.7 6.7 86.7

Valid
Dai-TBA 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
34
2 participants responded that the antenatal care was provided at home, while 1 participant see
government hospital for the delivery. While 12 did not receive any care.
Where did you receive antenatal care for this pregnancy?
Your Home 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
Govt. HOspital 1 6.7 6.7 20.0

Valid
Not recieved 12 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
TIME OF PREGNANCY WHEN FIRST RECEIVE ANTENATAL CARE:

12 participants never received antenatal care however, 2 received care at 8 months and 1
received at 9 months.
How many months pregnant were you when you first received Months antenatal care
for this pregnancy?
0 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
8 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
Valid 8 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
9 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
TIMES RECIEVED ANTENATAL CARE

12 females never had antenatal checkups while 2 has been for antenatal checkup once and 1 went
twice.
How many times did you receive Number antenatal care during this of times pregnancy?
0 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
1 2 13.3 13.3 93.3

Valid
2 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
35
RECOMMENDED ANTENATAL CHECKUPS
12 participants did not have any idea regarding antenatal checkups. While 1 responded that
recommended checkups are 5, 2 and 1 .
2 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
1 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
Valid 5 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
No idea 12 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Only 5 participants responded to have awareness regarding post-natal care. However, the
majority did not have any ide regarding the post-natal care.
Yes 5 33.3 33.3 33.3
Valid No 10 66.7 66.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
HUSBAND ACCOMPANIED FOR CHECKUPS:

Majority participants responded that their husband did not accompany during checkups.
Did your husband accompany you for the antenatal and post-natal checkup?
Yes 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Valid No 14 93.3 93.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
36
VISITIED ANYONE FOR POST NATAL CHECK UP
Only 2 participants responded to have seen someone for post-natal care. However, the majority
did see anyone post-natal care.
Have you ever been to post-natal checkup?

Yes 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
Valid No 13 86.7 86.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
PROVISION OF IRON SUPPLEMENTS:

14 received ni iron supplements. However only received iron supplements during pregnancy.
Were you provided with any iron supplements during pregnancy?
Yes 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Valid No 14 93.3 93.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
MEDICATION CONSUMPTION:
Only 1 participants consumed medication however 14 did not receive any medication.
Did you took your medicines?
Yes 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Valid No 14 93.3 93.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
PREFERENCE OF MALE OR FEMALE DOCTOR:

All the participants responded that they prefer female doctor over male doctor.
Will you prefer a male doctor or a female doctor
Valid Female 15 100.0 100.0 100.0
37
Female Garden
Mean age of participants
The mean age of male were found to be 30.27. The minimum age was found to be 25 and
maximum was 35 years of age.
Age 15 25 35 30.27 3.494
Age
25 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
28 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
29 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
30 4 26.7 26.7 60.0

Valid
32 2 13.3 13.3 73.3
33 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
35 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
38
Age
5
4
3
2 Series 1
1
0
25 28 29 30 32 33 35
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Out of 15 participants, 1 studied till primary school, 3 till secondary school and 8 did graduation and 3
post-graduation.
Level of education
Primary 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Secondary 3 20.0 20.0 26.7
Valid Graduate 8 53.3 53.3 80.0
Post Graduate 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
AGE OF MARRIAGE:
Out of 15 females, 1 married in the age group of 15-20, 4 got married at 20-25years while 8
married after 25 years of age.
At what age you got married
15-20 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
20-25 4 26.7 26.7 33.3
Valid 25-30 8 53.3 53.3 86.7
More than 30 2 13.3 13.3 100.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0
39
DELIVERED FIRST BABY
The mean age at the time of their first baby was found to be 29 years of age. The minimum age
was 21 and the maximum age was 34.
At what age you delivered your first baby

21 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
22 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
26 4 26.7 26.7 46.7
28 3 20.0 20.0 66.7
29 1 6.7 6.7 73.3

Valid
30 1 6.7 6.7 80.0
31 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
32 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
34 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
MARITAL STATUS:
Out of 15 people, 10 were married, 3 were divorced and 2 were separated.
Married 10 66.7 66.7 66.7
Divorced 3 20.0 20.0 86.7

Valid
Separated 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
HUSBAND ATTENDED SCHOOL:

All the participants responded that their husbands’ attended school.
Did your husband ever attend school?

Valid Yes 15 100.0 100.0 100.0
40
OCCUPATION
Most of the husbands were found to be business men, and few were found t be at different
positions of different fields. The table below shows the occupations of all the participants
What is your husband's occupation?

Business Men 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Marketing Analysi 1 6.7 6.7 60.0
Officer 2 13.3 13.3 73.3
Sales man 1 6.7 6.7 80.0

Valid
Scholar 1 6.7 6.7 86.7
Self owned 1 6.7 6.7 93.3
Teacher 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN HOUSEHOLD

Most of the participant was found to be in isolated family. The mean numbers of participants
were found to be 3 with a minimum of 2 and maximum of 6 people.
How many people (adults and children) live in this household?
2 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
3 7 46.7 46.7 60.0
4 2 13.3 13.3 73.3

Valid
5 3 20.0 20.0 93.3
6 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
41
NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTH
In the population of Garden out of 15 participant, 7 have 2 live births. However,8 participant has
1 live birth babies.
1 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Valid 2 7 46.7 46.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
NUMBER OF TIMES CONCEIVED

Out of 15 females, 6 conceived once, and 8 females conceived twice, 1 female conceived thrice.
How many times have you conceived?
1 6 40.0 40.0 40.0
2 8 53.3 53.3 93.3

Valid
3 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Out of 15 participants 14 had an idea regarding antenatal care. While 1 had no idea about the
antenatal care
Do you have any idea regarding antenatal checkup
Yes 14 93.3 93.3 93.3
Valid No 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
EVER HAD ANTENATAL CHECKUPS

Out of 15 participants 13 went for antenatal care. While 2 did not see anyone for antenatal care.
Did you see anyone for antenatal care for your pregnancy?
Yes 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Valid No 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
42
Most of the participants took their wife to doctor. However only 3 participants went to nurse.
Whom did you see?
Doctor 12 80.0 80.0 80.0
Valid Nurse 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
WHERE WAS ANTENATAL CARE DONE

9 participants responded that the antenatal care was provided at government hospital while 6 saw
private hospitals for the antenatal care.
Where did you receive antenatal care for this pregnancy?
Govt. HOspital 9 60.0 60.0 60.0
Valid Pvt. Hospital 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
TIME OF PREGNANCY WHEN FIRST RECEIVE ANTENATAL CARE:

4 participants received antenatal care 1, 2 and 3 months however, 2 received care at 4 months
and 1didnot receive any antenatal care.
How many months pregnant were you when you first received Months antenatal care for
this pregnancy?
0 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
1 4 26.7 26.7 33.3
2 4 26.7 26.7 60.0

Valid
3 4 26.7 26.7 86.7
4 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
43
TIMESRECIEVED ANTENATAL CARE
4 participants went for antenatal checkups 4 times however 7 went for checkups thrice. 1 the
answers varied from 0 to 5 times.
How many times did you receive Number antenatal care during this of times pregnancy?
0 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2 2 13.3 13.3 20.0
3 7 46.7 46.7 66.7

Valid
4 4 26.7 26.7 93.3
5 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
RECOMMENDED ANTENATAL CHECKUPS
4 responded that recommended checkups are 5, while 5 responded that the recommended
checkups are 4. The answers ranged from 0 to 7.as minimum and maximum values. The mean
answer was calculated as 4.33.
0 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
3 2 13.3 13.3 20.0

4 5 33.3 33.3 53.3
Valid 5 4 26.7 26.7 80.0
6 2 13.3 13.3 93.3
7 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
15 0 7 4.33 1.633
How many ante natal checkups are
recommended in pregnancy?
44
13 participants responded to have awareness regarding post-natal care. However, 2 did not have
any ide regarding the post-natal care.
Yes 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Valid No 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
VISITIED ANYONE FOR POST NATAL CHECK UP

13 participants responded to have seen someone for post-natal care. However, 2 did see anyone
post-natal care
Have you ever been to post-natal checkup?

Yes 13 86.7 86.7 86.7
Valid No 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
HUSBAND ACCOMPANIED FOR CHECKUPS:

Majority participants responded that their husband accompanied during checkups.
Did your husband accompany you for the antenatal and post-natal checkup?
Yes 11 73.3 73.3 73.3
Valid No 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
45
PROVISION OF IRON SUPPLEMENTS:
8 received iron supplements. However 7 did not receive iron supplements during pregnancy.
Were you provided with any iron supplements during pregnancy?
Yes 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Valid No 7 46.7 46.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
MEDICATION CONSUMPTION:
8 participants consumed medication however 7 did not receive any medication.
Did you took your medicines?

Yes 8 53.3 53.3 53.3
Valid No 7 46.7 46.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
PREFERENCE OF MALE OR FEMALE DOCTOR:

13 participants responded that they prefer female doctor over male doctor. However 1 preferred
male doctor.
Will you prefer a male doctor or a female doctor
Any 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
Male 1 6.7 6.7 13.3

Valid
Female 13 86.7 86.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
46
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Variables Males – Males- Garden Female- Females-
Korangi Korangi Garden
Age of Getting Majority : Majority : 25- 30 Majority : 15- 20 Majority : 25- 30

years of age years of age years of age
Married 15- 20 years
of age
Level of Majority : un Majority : Graduate Majority : un Majority :
education educated & post Graduate educated Graduate & post
Graduate
Marital status Majority Majority : married, Majority: Majority :
married, 1 4 divorced & 1 Married , 1 married, 3
divorced, 1 separated. divorced, 1 divorced & 2
separated separated separated.
Occupation of Majority: Majority : Business Majority: Majority :
self or Drivers & men and officers. Gardner, fruit & Business men
husbands housekeeping vegetable seller and officers.
staff & housekeeping
staff.
Number of Mean: 6.67 Mean: 2.87 Mean : 6.6 Mean: 3
people in house
hold
Number of live Majority: 4 Majority 1 or 2 Majority: 1 – 2 Majority 1 or 2
birth live birth. live births.
47
Outliers: 8
live births
Conceiving Majority: Majority : Once & Majority : 6 Majority : Once
baby more than twice times & twice
twice.
Outliers:
more than 9
Knowledge Majority : No Majority: yes Majority : No Majority: yes
regarding
antenatal care
Ever been to - - Majority No Majority Yes
antenatal
checkups (
female only)
Who performed Majority : Majority : Doctors Majority: Family Majority :
delivery Dai and LHV members Doctors
Place of Majority: Majority : private Majority : Home Majority :
antenatal care home, govt hospitals & private hospitals
hospital & government & government
pvt clinic. hospitals.
Time of Majority : Majority : first Majority : Never Majority : first,
receiving Never month. received second & third
antenatal care received month
48
for the first
time
Recommended Majority : No Majority : 3 times. Majority : No Majority : 4
checkups need of idea times.
antenatal
checkups.
Knowledge Majority : No Majority: Yes Majority : No Majority: Yes
regarding post- knowledge
natal checkups
Accompanied Majority: No Majority : No ( 5 Majority :NO Majority : yes
Partner responses were yes)
accompanied
during
antenatal &
post-natal
checkups
Iron Majority: No Majority : yes
supplements (
females)
Preference of Female Female Female Female , 1
male or female responded for
doctors male
49
Conclusion
The comparative analysis answers the agenda of conducting the research study. Most of the
participants of Korangi were found to found lack of awareness regarding antenatal & postnatal
care. Whereas population of Garden were aware about the aforementioned variables. Since there
was lack of knowledge regarding the antenatal & post-natal care, Majority did not seek proper car
and landed to local Dai’s and home based deliveries. Moreover, their husbands’ did not accompany
them for any checkups or during delivery. The opposite responses were received from the
population of garden. This shows the population of korangi needs education regarding antenatal
and post-natal care of that maternal and child mortality and morbidities can be minimized.
Moreover, the females of korangi did not take any iron supplements during their pregnancy that
could have lead to severe anemic crisis and can be fatal.
The other objective was to identify the preferences of male and female doctors and most of the
people responded that they prefer female doctor over male doctors. This leads to unfavorable
attitude towards male doctors and lack of employment of male doctors.
Ongoing teaching was provided to The koramgi population to enhance their knowledge
regarding antenatal and post-natal care.
Ethical recommendations
Sheikh Saeed hospital is providing free of cost care to the female population in order to reduce
the occurrences of maternal & child mortality and morbidities. However, due to lack of
awareness and facilities a very limited population can be catered. Resources should be arranged
to occupy more population in order to facilitate the underprievelied one with the antenatal and
post-natal care.
50
NGO’s should provide teaching to the females and males of these areas so that they approach
medical care during this essential period of women life.
Government should increase medical facilities for those who cannot afford high cost of birth. So
that no body is left deprived of the basic right of health which is one of the sustainable
development goal.
General Recommendations
Males should be given equal rights to practice obese & gynecology in Pakistan. Females & Males
should be provided with the knowledge to give equal chances to male for their care and treatment
and reduce this gender discrimination.
Knowledge regarding population control and education should be provided to korangi population
so that population can be controlled.
51
Picture
52
Appendix
Appendix 1
53
References
54

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TOPIC

Faculty: Dr. Asima Zahid Submitted by: Ambreen Aziz

Health and Hospital Management Program, IoBM

April 12, 2019

Date: 18th March , 2019

copyright have to be respected.

Thanks & Regards,

Ambreen Aziz (21846)

Ambreen Abdul Aziz

looking forward to pursue my PHD from the same institute.

Contact Number: 0346-3576061

Email id: std_21846@iob.edu.pk

Hilal Ahmed Mujahid

I am a Pharm-D graduate from University of Karachi, currently working as an Assistant Manager

Contact Number: 0336-3773901

Email id: std_22933@iob.edu.pk

proceed with data collection.

Key words: USAID “United State Agency for International Development”

residing in preveliged areas have aforementioned variable of knowledge. Further, preference is

Males and Females within Residence of Karachi

However, there is limited information regarding knowledge in males are available.

increasing drastically. As the population is increasing, it is important to have awareness regarding

& Guyanese consultants in Pakistan.

male and females of Korangi.

natal check up on need basis. .

4. To compare the analysis of residence of both the communities.

5. To identify the preference of choosing a female gynecologist in Pakistan.

understand the context of the questions.

of knowledge and to exclude any influence.

Mean Age of Participants

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Age group of Males

got married at 20 – 25 years of age.

till secondary school and only one did graduation.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

27% 53% Secondary

Wife delivered first baby

minimum age was 14 and the maximum age was 22.

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std.

Out of 15 participants, 13 were married, 1 was divorced and 1 was separated.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

found to be 6.6 with a standard deviation of 3.15.

N Minimu Maximu Mean Std.

Number of Live Birth

participant also has 8 live birth babies.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

How many times have your wife conceived?

more 2 13.3 13.3 13.3

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANTENATAL CARE

Do you have any idea about ante natal care?

Yes 4 26.7 26.7 26.7

Valid No 11 73.3 73.3 100.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANTENATAL CARE

Whom did you see?

Doctor 4 26.7 26.7 26.7

Nurse 2 13.3 13.3 40.0

Total 15 100.0 100.0

WHERE WAS ANTENATAL CARE DONE?

Other 1 6.7 6.7 6.7

Your Home 4 26.7 26.7 33.3

Govt. HOspital 4 26.7 26.7 60.0