SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY

MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the design of the study, how the respondents are chosen, how

the population and sample size is determined, the techniques to be used, the instruments to

be used, and their validation and the data analysis scheme which includes the application

of statistical tools for treatment of data yielded by the study.

Research Design

The study will use descriptive approach which, based on the study of Zulueta and

Costales (2003), concentrates on a present situation to come up for an underlying truth and

generalizations, a new discovery of a new formulation to solve the problem. Descriptive

method, as stated by Best (1990) focuses on the existing conditions and beliefs along with

the developing processes. It is used to delineate and analyze the obtained data from the

respondents by the means of questionnaires. This research will use the design for it

appertains to the description, analysis and interpretation of a current process of a

phenomena. Moreover, it will be used to have more accumulation of data regarding the

specific attributes within a particular field of study and given that one may have an accurate

findings about the problem.

 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study for the survey questionnaire will be the residents and

Barangay Captains of the District 2 of Malabon City. Residents will be chosen because

they are the ones who experience the safety level given by the tanods that is why their

satisfaction towards them needs to be assessed. Barangay Captains sets the roles of every

tanods and the rules they need to follow in their field of work in order to provide the

districts' safety. These people will evaluate the work done by the Barngay Tanods based

on their level of satisfaction.

Population and Sample

40 respondents will took part in the study, coming from the District 2 of Malabon

City which consists of 4 Barangays after they have been selected through non- probability

purposive sampling. The respondents represented the following sectors comprising

Malabon City. Below is the table that shows the breakdown of the respondents per section.

Table 1. The Two (2) Groups of Respondents and their Sample Size Distribution

Respondents Sample Percentage

Residents 36 90.00%

Barangay Captains 4 10.00%

Total 40 100.00%
 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling will be used for selecting the respondents in this study.

According to Bhat (n.d), it is a non- probability sampling where samples are selected based

on the subjective judgement of the researcher. Unlike probability sampling, this does not

include all members of the population to have a chance in participating in the study. In

other words, researchers used only whom they feel are a right fit to participate in the study.

In this technique, the study consists of 2 groups of respondents, the residents and the

Barangay Captains on District 2 of Malabon City.

Research Instrument

A combination of modified Likert-Scale survey questionnaire and interview will

serve as a main instrument of the study. The first part of the data gathering employed the

use of survey questionnaire, which consists of four (4) parts:

PART 1. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents

The first part will be dealt with the respondent’s profile namely their sex, age and

barangay. This part of the survey questionnaire will determine which of the two (2) groups

of respondents answered the survey questionnaire.

PART 2. The Evaluation of Respondents to the Job Performance of Barangay Tanods

In this part, the respondents will evaluate the performance of barangay tanods in

terms of public order and safety, crime prevention and/or suppression, police/community

relations and barangay visibility. Moreover, this part will also tackle
 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

PART 3. The Problems of Respondents to the Job Performance of Barangay Tanods

This part revolves around the issues that the respondents experienced to the job

performance of barangay tanods. This will also indicate the lack of areas of the brigade that

needs be addressed.

PART 4. The Recommendations of the Respondents to the Job Performance of Barangay

Tanods

The last part of the questionnaire dealt with the recommendations of the

respondents that believes that there could be improvements to the performance of barangay

tanods. Subsequent interviews will be conducted to enlighten researchers on some of the

respondents’ answers.

Validation of Instruments

The questionnaire designed for the study was subjected to a validation process for

face and content validity.

Step 1. Formulation of survey questionnaires

The study used survey questionnaires in gathering the data that the study needed.

Step 2. Find expert validators

The researchers will look for a comprehensive and authoritative expert that has

knowledge in this particular area.

Step 3. Validation of the survey questionnaires

 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

In the validation process of this study, copies of the questionnaire and copies of the

research questions will be given to expert. This expert will go through the research

questions and the questionnaire carefully to ascertain the appropriateness and adequacy of

the instrument.

Step 4. Revised if needed

If the expert suggested a better way to approach the research’s questionnaire, the

researchers will revise the instrument with guidance of the expert.

Data Gathering Procedure

In this part of the paper, the researchers explain how to gather pertinent data from

the various respondents of the research.

1. Researchers made a paper-based survey questionnaires for the residents and barangay

captains of District 2, Malabon City.

2. The survey questionnaires was validated by the research adviser.

3. Proposed work performance guide will be made by the researchers, applying

recommendations suggested by the barangay officials.

4. For the evaluation of the proposed work performance guide, survey questionnaire will

be made for barangay officials.

 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following formulas will be use for the statistical treatment and analysis of data:

1. Slovin’s Formula. The researchers can determine the number of

respondents using this formula.

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2

Where: n is the sample size

N is the population size

e is the margin of error (0.05)

2. Weighted Mean. The researchers will use this formula to weigh the average

response of the respondents in the study.

∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛

Where: 𝑥̅ is the mean

∑ 𝑓𝑥 is the summation of the product of the frequency (f) and the

score (x) determined by the Likert scale

n is the number of responses

 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

3. Variance. The researchers will use variance to indicate how far the

individuals in a group are spread out.

𝑛
2
1
𝜎 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑛−1
𝑖=1

Where: 𝜎 2 is the variance of the set of data

n is the number of responses

x is the individual score

𝑥̅ is the weighted mean

4. One-way ANOVA. The researchers will use one-way analysis of variance

(ANOVA) to determine if there are any significant differences between the

means of the groups.

𝐹 = 𝑀𝑆𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 /𝑀𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

Where: F is the test statistic

MSgroup is the mean squared error of between-group variance

MSerror is the mean squared error of within-group variance

5. Likert Scale. This treatment will determine the responses of the

respondents towards the perrformance of Barangay Tanods. There will be 4

sets of interpretative table to be used in the Likert Scale.

 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – MALABON CITY
MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Table 2. Satisfaction of the respondents

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
5 4.20 - 5.00 Very Satisfied
4 3.40 – 4.19 Satisfied
3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
2 1.80 – 2.59 Unsatisfied
1 1.00 – 1.79 Not Satisfied

Table 3. Problems encountered

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
5 4.20 - 5.00 Highly Serious (HS)
4 3.40 – 4.19 Serious (S)
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS)
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Serious (LS)
1 1.00 – 1.79 Least Serious (LtS)

Table 4. Recommendations

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

Highly Recommended
5 4.20 - 5.00
(HR)
4 3.40 – 4.19 Recommended (R)
Moderately
3 2.60 – 3.39
Recommended (MR)
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Recommended (LR)
Least Recommended
1 1.00 – 1.79
(LtR)

Table 4. Level of Acceptability

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
5 4.20 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable (HA)
4 3.40 – 4.19 Acceptable (A)
Moderately Acceptable
3 2.60 – 3.39
(MA)
2 1.80 – 2.59 Less Acceptable (LA)
1 1.00 – 1.79 Least Acceptable (LtA)