1. What are the Intravenous complications?

The IV Complications:

a. Infiltration-occurs when I.V. fluid or medications leak into the surrounding tissue.

Management:

 top the infusion and remove the device.

 Elevate the limb to increase patient comfort; a warm compress may be applied.
 Check the patient's pulse and capillary refill time.
 Perform venipuncture in a different location and restart the infusion, as ordered.
 Check the site frequently.
 Document your findings and interventions performed.

b. Extravasation-is the leaking of vesicant drugs into surrounding tissue.

Management:

 top the I.V. flow and remove the I.V. line, unless the catheter should remain in
place to administer the antidote.
 Estimate the amount of extravasated solution and notify the prescriber.
 Administer the appropriate antidote according to your facility's protocol.
 Elevate the extremity.
 Perform frequent assessments of sensation, motor function, and circulation of the
affected extremity.
 Record the extravasation site, your patient's symptoms, the estimated amount of
extravasated solution, and the treatment.
 Follow the manufacturer's recommendations to apply either cold or warm
compresses to the affected area.

c. Phlebitis- is inflammation of a vein.

Management:
  Stop the infusion at the first sign of redness or pain.
 Apply warm, moist compresses to the area.
 Document your patient's condition and interventions.
 If indicated, insert a new catheter at a different site, preferably on the opposite arm,
using a larger vein or a smaller device and restart the infusion.

d. Hypersensitivity – severe hypersensitivity reaction can be life-threatening, so prompt

recognition and treatment are imperative.

Management:

 Discontinue the infusion and notify the prescriber immediately.

 Administer medications as ordered.
 Monitor the patient’s vital signs and provide emotional support.

e. Infection – local or systemic infection is another potential complication of IV therapy.

Management:

 Stop the infusion and notify the prescriber.

 Remove the device, and culture the site and catheter as ordered.
 Administer medications as prescribed.
 Monitor the patient’s vital signs.

2. What are the types of IV fluids and its indication? State common diseases. What is the
hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution?

Types of IV fluids and its indication

 Crystalloid – Balanced salt/electrolyte solution; form true solution and is capable
of passing through semi permeable.
 Colloid – High-molecular-weight solutions, draw fluids into intravascular
compartment via oncotic pressure.
 Free H2O solutions – Provide water that is not bound by macromolecules or
organelles, free to pass through.
 Dextrose in water solution – These solutions provide both fluids and
carbohydrates for energy and thus prevent breakdown of fats and proteins for
energy. The amount of fluid/carbohydrate is dependent on the solution.
  Sodium Chloride solution – These solutions are mainly used for electrolyte
replacement and for extracellular fluid replacement. The sodium chloride fluids
are available in a number of dilutions.
Common diseases:
 Cancer
 Osteoporosis
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Psoriatic arthritis
 Ulcerative colitis
 Stroke
 Dermatomyositis
 Psoriasis
 Multiple Sclerosis

What is hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution?

Hypertonic Solution – refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another
solution. In other words, a hypertonic solution is one in which there is a greater
concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it.
Hypotonic Solution – refers to any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than
another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less
solute and more water than another solution.
Isotonic Solution – refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a
semi permeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the
membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side.

3. What veins that can be use for IV?

Peripheral veins of the upper extremity
 Digital vein
 Metacarpal vein
 Cephalic vein
 Basilic vein
 Median vein
 Median cephalic vein
 Median basilica vein
 Median antebrachial

4. What IV fluids are colloids?

Colloids IV fluids
 Human albumin
 Gelatin solutions (Haemaccel, Gelafundin)
 Dextran
 Hydroxyethyl starches (Hetastarch)

5. What is a bolus IV?

 Relatively large dose of medication administered into a vein in a short period,
usually within 1 to 30 minutes, The IV bolus is commonly used when rapid
administration of a medication is needed, such as in an emergency; when drugs
that cannot be diluted, such as many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, are
administered; and when the therapeutic purpose is to achieve a peak drug level
blood stream of the patients.

Foundation University
College of Nursing
Dumaguete City
 Assignment
In
Pharmacology 1

Submitted by:

Chelsy Ann Ferolino