Question 1

Span = 2 m
Permanent load (Quasi permanent load included) = 50 kN/m
fck = 30 Mpa
Ecm = 33 Gpa
f(∞,t0) Creep cofficient = 1.8

(a)Determine the neutral axis and corresponding moment of inertia under bending
The effect of creep has been considered
Eceff = Ecm/(1+f)
33/(1+1.8)
11.79
ae = Es/Eceff
200/11.79
17.0
(a1) For Uncracked Section

Area of steel inside the concrete section is neglected

Xu = [(A1*225)+(A2*525)+ae[(1410*540)+(402*60)]/[A1+A2+ae(As+As')]
= ((450*200*225)+(150*550*525)+17*((1410*540)+(402*60)))/((450*200)+(150*550)+(17*1410)+(17*402))
= 378.3
Iu = I1+A1(Xu-225)2)+I2+A2(d-Xu)2+ae*1410*(d-Xu)2+ae*402*(Xu-d')2
= 1/12*200*450^3+450*200*(378.3-225)^2)+1/12*550*150^3+550*150*(540-378.3)^2
= +17*1410*(540-378.3)^2+17*402*(378.3-60)^2
9
= 6.88E+09 (6.88 x 10 )
(a2) For Cracked Section

Area of steel inside the concrete section is neglected

Xc = [(200*Xc)*Xc/2)+(17*402*60)+(17*1410*540)]/[(200*Xc)*(Xc/2)+17*(1410+402)]
0 = 100Xc2+30804Xc-13353840
Xc = 242.5
Ic = 200*240^3/3+17*1410*(540-240)^2+17*402*(240-60)^2
9
= 3.27.E+09 (3.27 x 10 )
Uncracked Cracked Unit
Xu = 378.3 Xc = 242.5 mm
Iu = 6.88 x 109 Ic = (3.30 x 109) mm4

(b)Determine the maximum long term deflection Due to the permanent load

w = 50 kN/m
Msd = wL2/2
= 50*2*2/2
= 100 kNm
2/3
fctm = 0.3*fck
2.9
Mcr = 0.9*fctm*Iu/(h-Xu)
80.93 kNm
(b1)Curvature for Uncracked Section(bending)

(1/rcb)1 = Msd/Eceff*Iu
1.23E-06 (1.23 x 10-6) /mm
(b2)Curvature for Cracked Section(bending)

(1/rcb)11 = Msd/Eceff*Ic
-6
2.59E-06 (2.59 x 10 ) /mm
(b3) Determine the distribution cofficient

z = 1-b(Mcr/Msd)2 b=0.5 for Sustained loads

0.672
(b4) EffectiveCurvature (bending)
a = za11 + (1-z)a1
-6
(1/rcb)eff = 2.15E-06 (2.15 x 10 ) /mm

(b)long term deflection Due to the permanent load

2
wcb = (1/4)*(1/r)eff*L
2.15E+00 2.15 mm

(c)Determine the maximum long term deflection Due to the shrinkage

Total shrinkage strain(given)
esc
-6
= 2.80E-04 (280 x 10 ) /mm

(c1)Curvature for Uncracked Section(shrinkage)

SU = As(d-Xu) - As'(Xu-d')
1410*(540-378.3)-402*(378.3-60)
3
1.00E+05 (0.100 x 106) mm
(1/rcs)1 = esc*ae*Su/Iu
-6
6.9E-08 (0.065 x 10 ) /mm

(c2)Curvature for cracked Section(shrinkage)

Sc = As(d-Xc) - As'(Xc-d')
1410*(540-240)-402*(240-60)
3
3.46E+05 (0.346 x 106) mm
(1/rcs)11 = esc*ae*Sc/Ic
5.03E-07 (0.503 x 10-6) /mm

(c3) Determine the distribution cofficient

z = 1-b(Mcr/Msd)
2
b=0.5 for Sustained loads
0.672

(b4) EffectiveCurvature (Shrinkage)

a = za11 + (1-z)a1
-6
(1/rcs)eff = 3.61E-07 (0.361 x 10 ) /mm
(c)Determine the maximum long term deflection Due to the shrinkage
2
wcs = (1/2)*(1/r)eff*L
7.21E-01 0.72 mm

(d)Verify the Serviceability limit state of deflection

D ≤ L/250 Cantilever Subjected to quasi permanant loading
2000/250
8 mm (Allowable)
D = wcb+wcs
2.13+0.72
2.85 mm (Actual)
Section is adequate to the SLS for deflection