Design of Pier No.

2 and 3

Design of Pier

Concrete M20
Steel Fe 500

Left Span 25 m
Right Span 25 m
Superstructure DL/m Left span 151.01 kN/m
DL per m Right span 151.01 kN/m

Superstructure depth (left) 2m

Superstructure depth (right) 2m
Bearing gap 1.1 m

Load Class IRC Class A

First train load 1108 kN
Second train 972 kN

Bearing Capacity 800 kN/m2

Backfill density 18 kN/m3
Mean velocity of water 6.5 m/s

HFL 134.80 m
LWL 130.56 m
Average bed level (dry) 132.00 m
Scour Level 115.4 m
RL of pavement 142.10 m

Pier cap length 9.1 m

Pier cap height 1m
Pier cap width 2m
Pier cap trapezoidal height 0.5 m
TOTAL Pier Height 9.54 m

Top Stem width, Sw 1.6 m

Bottom Stem height, Sh 8.04 m

Bottom Stem Length, Sl 9.1 m
Bottom Stem width, Sw 1.6 m

Well diameter 8m
Well Cap Thickness 2m
Steining Length 22.0 m
Steining Thickness 1.30 m
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

1.0 Design of Pier Cap

Cantilever length of pier cap 0.2 m

Effective depth of pier cap 1.4 m

F due to superstructure DL 3775.25 kN

F due to superstructure LL 771.5 kN
F due to self-weight pier cap 43.7 kN
F due to self-weight pier cap 54.6 kN

Moment 1176.72 kNm

Ast 3935 mm2

The reinforcement will be provided along 6.5 m

Ast per m 432 mm2
Ast min 1800 mm2
Provide 20 dia. @ 150 c/c 2094 mm2

Distribution Ast @0.12% 1800 mm2

Provide 16 dia. @ 200 c/c 2011 mm2

Max. SF 2250 kN
(reaction of two 25 m span beams only)
shear stress 1.13 N/mm2

The shear stress < tcmax OK

8L- 12 dia Links@120 is provided after bearing
4L- 12 dia Links@120 is provided in between bearing
 Design of Abutment 1 as Pier

3.2 Design of Pier Stem

Forces (kN) Moment (kNm)

Horizontal Lever
SN Particulars Vertical H (y-y) H(x-x) arm (m) M (x-x) M (y-y)
1 Total Superstructure load
1a DL 3775.25
1b LL 771.46
2 Longitudinal Forces
2a due to braking 159.40 10.74 1711.956
2b others 227.34 9.54 2168.78
3 Pier cap 436.80
4 Pier cap trapezoidal 196.56
6 Pier Stem (lower) 2809.50

6 Horizontal seismic force 0.09P

6a Pier Cap 39.31 39.31 9.04 355.38 355.38
6b pier cap trapezoidal 17.69 17.69 8.37 148.13 148.13
6c Stem (lower) 252.85 252.85 4.02 1016.48 1016.48
6d Superstructure, DL 339.77 339.77 9.54 3241.43 3241.43
6e Superstructure, LL 69.43 10.74 745.69

Total (DL+LL+EQ) 7989.56 719.06 1036.36 5507.10 8642.15

Total (DL+LL) 7989.56 386.74 3880.73

Case II (DL+LL+EQ)
eccentricity, e(x-x) 1082 mm
eccentricity, e(y-y) 689 mm

e(x-x)/D(x-x) 0.68
e(y-y)/D(y-y) 0.08

Moment along x-x will be analyzed as e/D along y-axis is small compared to x-axis

Check Stresses in Concrete and Steel

Provide dia. 25 @ 150 mm c/c reinforcement on both sides

Ast 29780 mm2
Asc 29780 mm2
 Design of Abutment 1 as Pier

Calculate neutral axis, n

Equating the sum of internal

forces to P B*n*c/2 + Asc*p - Ast*t = P
Equating moment of all the
forces about the tensile
steel B*n*c*(D-100-n/3)/2 + Asc*p *(D-200) = P*(e+D/2-100)

,where p = (1.5m-1)*c*(n-100)/n
t = m*c*(D-100-n)/n

The two equations are satisfied when n and c have the following values
Then, n = 486 mm

c 4.16 N/mm2 <1.5*8.3 OK

st 123.93 N/mm2 <1.5*240 OK
sc 39.64 N/mm2 <1.5*205 OK

Shear Force 1036.36 kN

Shear stress 0.07 N/mm2

Case I (DL+LL)
e (x-x) 486 mm

Since e (Case I) << e (Case II), stresses in Concrete and Steel will be governed by Case II
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

WELL CAP

k= 0.033 m
B= 8.00 m
D= 22.00 m

According to IRC steining thickness should be more than the following

t = kBD0.5 = 1.24 m

Provide Steining thickness = 1.30 m

Internal dia. = 5.40 m

Well cap thickness 2.00 m

Buoyancy @15% = 150.80 kN
X-section area, A 27.36 m2
Moment of Inertia, I = 159.32 m4
section modulus, Z = 39.83 m3

Forces and moments at the base of well cap

Force
Lever Moment
SN Description Horizontal
Vertical arm
x-x y-y y-y x-x
1a Case I (Dl+LL) 7989.56 0.00 386.74 - 3880.73
1b M due to Case I 2.00 - 773.47
2a Case II (DL+LL+EQ) 7989.56 719.06 1036.36 5507.10 8642.15
2b M due to Case II 2.00 1438.12 2072.73
3 Water Current 231.93 22.31 1.33 309.24 29.74
4a Well cap 2412.74
4b EQ due to Well Cap 217.15 217.15 1.00 217.15 217.15

Case I (DL+LL) 10402.31 231.93 409.04 309.24 4683.95

Case II (DL+LL+EQ) 10402.31 936.21 1253.51 7471.61 10961.77

smax 842.95 kN/m2 < 6.7*1000

smin -82.64 kN/m2 > -0.67*1000

2.1 Design of Well Cap Slab

Downward pressure due to slab 48.00 kN/m2

Pressure at face of pier 672.85 kN/m2
average pressure, qa = 757.90 kN/m2

Let q1 and q2 be the angle between edges of pier stem on outer and inner well dia. from center
cos(q1/2) = 0.20 q1/2 = 1.37
cos(q2/2) = 0.30 q2/2 = 1.27

chord of outer well = 7.84 m

chord of inner well = 5.16 m

area of outer segment, A1 = 18.78 m2

area of inner segment, A2 = 7.20 m2

centroid distance, Z1 = 2.14 m

centroid distance, Z2 = 1.59 m
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

M = qa[A1(Z1-Dw/2) - A2(Z2-Dw/2)] - qcA1(Z1-Dw/2)

Moment at Pier face = 14592.99 kNm
Min. Ast reqd. 4000 mm2/m
Ast reqd. 35958 mm2
Ast reqd. per m 4587 mm2/m
Provide 28 dia @ 125 c/c 4926 mm2/m

Distribution reinf. @0.12% 1200 mm2/m

Provide 16 dia @ 150 c/c 1340 mm2/m

Max. Shear Force 7875.63 kN

To find the design shear force @d from pier face
Let q3 and q4 be the angle between pier stem + well cap depth on outer and inner well from center
cos(q3/2) = 0.68 q3/2 = 0.83
cos(q4/2) = 1.00 q 4
/2 = 0.00

chord of outer well = 5.90 m

chord of inner well = 0.00 m

area of inner segment, A2 = 5.31 m2

area of inner segment, A2 = 0.00 m2

Shear force @d 3768.77 kN

Shear stress 0.25 N/mm2 < 1.5*0.22 OK
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

3. DESIGN OF STEINING

Length of Steining up to scour level= 13.16 m

Forces and moments at the scour level

Force
SN Description Vertical Horizontal Lever arm Moment
1a Case I up to Well Cap 10402.31 409.04 4683.95
1b Moment due to Case I 13.16 5383.01
2a Case II up to Well Cap 10402.31 1253.51 10961.77
2b Moment due to Case II 13.16 16496.22
3 Steining above scour 8642.42 518.54 6.58 3412.03

Total Case I (DL+LL) 19044.72 409.04 10066.96

Total Case II (DL+LL+EQ) 19044.72 1772.06 30870.01

Point of zero shear, x = 3.39 m

max. moment (at zero shear point) = 34877.43 kNm

Design for tilt of 1 in 80 (As per IRC)

e due to tilt at top = 0.28 m
e at scour level = 0.19 m
moment due to tilt = 3608.97 kNm

Design for shift of 150 mm

Moment due to shift = 2856.71 kNm

Total moment = 41343.11 kNm

Buoyancy upto zero shear = 1248.00 kN

Weight of steining upto zero shear = 10870.12 kN
Total vertical weight = 28666.84 kN
Pressure, smax 1.307 N/mm2 < 1.5*5 OK
Pressure, smin 0.788 N/mm2 > -1.5*0.5 OK

Reinforcement of Steining
Vertical reinforcement@0.12%= 32836 mm2
no. of 16 dia. bars = 163 nos.
Total perimeter available = 46 m
Spacing of bars required = 283 mm

Hoop reinforcement@0.04% = 237 mm2/m

Spacing 12 dia. bars required = 477 mm
PROVIDE 16 dia.@300 c/c as vertical reinforcement and 12@500 as hoop reinforcement
(both faces)
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

LATERAL STABILITY OF WALL

Total weight of steining 14447.81 kN
Weight of water/sand in well = 5569.82 kN
Weight of intermediate plug (1 m) 549.65 kN
Seismic load due to sand 501.28 kN
Lever arm for sand filling 6.08 m
Moment due to sand filling 3047.80 kNm
Weight of bottom plug (2.5 m) = 1374.13 kN
Weight of sand fill upto scour level = 5569.82 kN

Total weight at base = 37913.54 kN

Buoyancy on well = 11058.41 kN
Net downward force V = 26855.13 kN

Horizontal seismic force = 501.28 kN

Total horizontal force at scour level = 2273.34 kN

Moment at scour level = 33917.82 kNm

Moment at base level = 60479.83 kNm
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

ELASTIC ANALYSIS (IRC Method)

Vertical force, V = 26855.13 kN

Horizontal force, H = 2273.34 kN
Moment, M = 60479.83 kNm

Grip length, D = 8.84 m

L= 19.80 m
Now, Iv = 1139.83 m4

I = Ib+mIv(1+2m'a)
m= 1.00
m' 0.36
a 0.29
m 0.58

Hence, I = 1537.94 m4

r = (D/2).(I/mIv) 5.96 m

H below scour level (0.09 P)

H due to sand filling 1045.44 kN
H due to steining 522.49 kN
H due to bottom plug 147.76 kN

TOTAL H 3989.03 kN

H > M/r (1+mm') - mV -3232.52 < H = 3989.03 OK

H < M/r (1-mm') +mV 23514.99 > H = 3989.03 OK

m M/I < g' (Kp - Ka)

m M/I = 39.33
g' (Kp - Ka) = 77.00 OK

P = M/r = 10141.23 kN

pt = (V - m'P)/A + MB/2I = 618.13 kN/m2 < 1.25*700 OK

ph = (V - m'P)/A - MB/2I = 303.53 kN/m > 0
2
OK
 Design of Pier No. 2 and 3

ULTIMATE RESISTANCE (IRC Method)

V/A < qult/2

qult = 2400.00 kN/m2
qult/2 = 1200.00 kN/m2
V/A = 534.27 kN/m2 <qult/2 OK

M < 0.7(Mb + Ms +Mf)

D/B = 1.11
C = 0.285
Mb = CVB(tanf) = 39763.03 kNm f = 33

Ms = 0.1gD3(Kp-Ka)L = 105320.45 kNm

Mf = 0.1g(Kp-Ka)B2D2sind = 14426.16 kNm d = 22

Now, 0.7(Mb +Ms + Mf) = 111656.75 >M= 75599.79 OK