Design Calculation for Pier No.

18

Design of Pier

Concrete M20
Steel Fe 500

Left Span 25 m
Right Span 55 m
Superstructure DL/m Left span 151.00 kN/m
DL per m Right span 203.64 kN/m

Superstructure depth (left) 2.1 m

Superstructure depth (right) 4m
Bearing gap 1.65 m

Load Class IRC Class A

First train load (25m span) 1108
Successive Train (25m span) 0
First train load (55m span) 1108 kN
Successive Train (55m span) 972 kN

Bearing Capacity 800 kN/m2

Velocity of water current at HFL 6.5 m/s

HFL 134.80 m
LWL 130.56 m
Average bed level (dry) 127.00 m
Scour Level 115.40 m
RL of pavement 142.10 m

Stem height, Sh 5.34 m

Stem dia, Sw 2.4 m

Pier cap length 7m

Pier cap height 2.2 m
Pier cap width 2.1 m
Pier cap trapezoidal height 1.5 m

TOTAL Pier Height 9.44 m

Well diameter 7m
Well Cap Thickness 1.5 m
Steining Length 22.5 m
Steining Thickness 1.15 m
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

3.2 Design of Pier Cap

Cantilever length of pier cap 2.30 m

Pier Cap Supporting 25m span

Effective depth of pier cap 3.6 m
Vertical force due to
Superstructure DL (left) 629.17 kN
Superstructure LL (left) 257.15 kN
Pier cap (rectangular) 66.00 kN/m
Pier cap (trapezoidal) 22.50 kN/m

Moment 1568 kNm

Ast 3821 mm2

Ast min @0.15% 5400 mm2/m

Provide 9 nos. 28 dia. 5542 mm2/m
OR Provide 28 dia @ 106 mm say 28@100 c/c

Distribution Reinforcement 2160 mm2/m

Provide 25 dia. @ 200 c/c 2454 mm2/m

Max. Shear Force = 1064 kN

Although the code provision requires the design shear force @d, take max. SF
Design SF 3541
Shear stress = 1.23 N/mm2

% tensile reinforcement = 0.19 %

permissible stress in M25 concrete
@0.25% 0.19 N/mm2
Shear force carried by concrete 547.2 kN
Shear force taken by stirrups = 2993 kN

Using 6-12 dia hooks to act as shear reinforcement

c/c spacing 196 mm
Provide 6L-12-dia stirrups @180 mm c/c (vertical)

Pier Cap Supporting 55m span

Effective depth 1.90 m
Superstructure DL (right) 2800.00 kN
Superstructure LL (right) 562.98 kN
Pier cap (rectangular) 9.60 kN/m
Pier cap (trapezoidal) 14.40 kN/m

Moment 3569 kNm

Ast 8697 mm2

Ast min @0.15% 2850 mm2/m

Provide 14 nos. 28 dia. 8621 mm2/m
OR Provide 28 dia @ 104 mm say 28@100 c/c

Distribution Reinforcement 1140 mm2/m

Provide 20 dia. @ 200 c/c 1571 mm2/m

Max. Shear Force = 3402 kN

Shear force @d = 896 kN
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

Although the code provision requires the design shear force @d, take max. SF
Design SF 3402 kN
Shear stress = 1.43 N/mm2

% tensile reinforcement = 0.36 %

permissible stress in M25 concrete
@0.25% 0.27 N/mm2
Shear force carried by concrete 64.13 kN
Shear force taken by stirrups = 3337 kN

Using 8-12 dia hooks to act as shear reinforcement

spacing 280 mm

Provide 8L-16-dia stirrups @250 mm c/c (vertical)

Additionally
Provide 4 nos. 16-dia hor. bars @250 mm c/c along cantilever
Provide 4 nos. 12-dia hor. bars @250 mm c/c as distribution
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

3.2 Design of Pier Stem

Forces (kN) Moment (kNm)

Horizontal Lever
SN Particulars Vertical Hy-y
Hx-x arm (m) Mx-x My-y
1 Pier cap 776.16
2 Pier cap trapezoidal 529.20
3 Pier Stem 241.58
4a Superstructure DL (25mspan) 1887.50 -0.4 -755.00
4b Superstructure DL (55m span) 5600.00 0.375 2100.00
4c LL (25m span) 322.06 0 0.00
4d LL (55m span) 1125.95 0.375 422.23

5 Longitudinal Forces
5a due to braking (25m span) 110.80 9.44 1045.95
5b due to braking (55m span) 159.40 12.74 2030.76
5c others (25m span) 56.25 9.44 531.00
5d Friction (55m span) 336.30 12.74 4284.43

6 Water current 55.05 18.83 2.83 155.62 53.23

7 Earthquake 0.09
7c Pier Cap 69.85 69.85 7.94 554.64 554.64
7d pier cap trapezoidal 47.63 47.63 6.34 301.96 301.96
7e Stem 21.74 21.74 2.67 58.05 58.05
7f Superstructure, DL 673.88 673.88 10.54 7102.64 7102.64
7g LL (only in x-x direction) 130.32 12.74 1660.29

Case I (DL+LL) 10482.45 55.05 681.58 155.62 9712.60

Case II (DL+LL+EQ) 10482.45 998.48 1372.33 9833.21 15991.17

Case I (1.5DL+1.5LL)
Diameter of pier stem 2.4 m
Area of pier stem 4.52 m2
Perimeter of pier stem 7.54 m

d'/D 0.05 0.1

Pu/fckD2 0.11 0.11
Mu/fckD3 0.04 0.04

From SP16 Design Aid Chart 59 and 60 for circular column (For Fe500 Steel)
p/fck 0.01 0.015
p= 0.25 0.375
Area bars 11310 16965

Case II (1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2Resultant of EQx-x/EQy-y)

d'/D 0.05 0.1
Pu/fckD2 0.09 0.09
Mu/fckD3
0.06 0.06

From Chart 59 and 60 for circular column (For Fe500 Steel)

 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

p/fck 0.035 0.04

p= 0.875 1
Area bars 39584 45239

Min Ast @1% 45239 mm2

Reinforcement required = 45239 mm2

Nos 28 dia bars reqd = 73.5
Provide 80 nos. - 28 dia bars 49260 mm2

Perimeter of CL of outer steel 7226 mm D1=2.4 m

spacing for 62 nos 181 mm
Perimeter of CL of inner steel 6912 mm D2=2.3 m
spacing for 58 nos 182 mm
Provide 41-28 dia bar in outer layer and 39-28 dia bars in inner layer OR
Provide 28 dia bar @180 c/c in 2 layers

Design of Shear (Hoop) Reinforcement

Shear Force 1372.33 kN
Shear Stress 0.30 N/mm2

tc, max (for M25) = 1.9 N/mm2 >0.3 OK

% tension reinforcement 1.09 %

tc (for M25 and % steel) = 0.51 N/mm2 >0.3 OK

Provide nominal reinforcement

Min. spacing for hoop reinforcement

a) Dia of col 2400 mm
b) 16×dia of longitudinal steel 512 mm
c) 48×dia of hoop steel 576 mm

Provide 10-dia hoops @ 250 c/c

 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

WELL CAP

According to IRC steining thickness should be more than the following

t = k.B.D0.5 = 1.10 m

k= 0.033 m
B= 7.00 m
D= 22.50 m

Provide Steining thickness = 1.15 m

internal dia. = 4.70 m
Thickness of well cap 1.50 m

Buoyancy @15% = 86.59 kN

X-section area, A 21.14 m2
Moment of Inertia, I = 93.91 m4
Section modulus, Z = 26.83 m3

Forces and moments at the base of well cap

Force
SN Description Vertical Horizontal Lever arm Moment
1a Case I 10482.45 681.58 9712.60
1b 1.50 1022.37
2a Case II 10482.45 1372.33 15991.17
2b 1.50 2058.49
3 Water Current 13.40 1.00 13.40
4 Well cap 1385.44
5 Well cap 124.69 0.75 93.52

Case I 11867.89 694.97 10748.36

Case II 11867.89 1497.02 18156.58

Case I: DL + LL
smax 962.13 kN/m2
smin 160.92 kN/m2
Case II: DL + LL + EQ
smax 1238.25 kN/m2
smin -115.20 kN/m2
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

2.1 Design of Well Cap Slab

Downward pressure due to slab 36.00 kN/m2

average pressure 561.53 kN/m2

cos(q1/2) = 0.17 (q1)/2 = 1.40

cos(q2/2) = 0.26 (q2)/2 = 1.31

chord AD = 6.90 m
chord BC = 4.54 m

area of outer segment, A1 = 15.06 m2

area of inner segment, A2 = 5.89 m2

Shear Force 4611.00 kN

Shear stress 0.15 N/mm2 < 0.22 OK

Punching shear stress

permissible punching shear 0.72 N/mm2
Area (Perimeter*depth) 17.91 m2
punching shear 0.66 N/mm2 < 0.72 OK
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

At Support At Center
i) Mr = Mt = 9321.02

ii) Mr -9321.02
Mt 1677.78

iii)Mr 85.86 87.65

Mt 45.20 87.65
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

At Support At Center
1) Mr = Mt = 9321.02

2) Mr -7410.21
2) Mt -8977.07

3) Mr -55.13 32.52
3) Mt -9.92 32.52

For design purpose, we take the maximum of the two values

1) Mr = Mt = 9321.02

2) Mr -9321.02
2) Mt 1677.78

3) Mr 85.86 87.65
3) Mt 45.20 87.65
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

Case I (DL+LL)
M1 4478.48 kNm
Max reactive M at support 559.81 kNm
Max M at center of well cap 2799.05 kNm
Max M at the edge of well cap -559.81 kNm

Reinforcement of Well Cap

Mcenter = 7546.32 kNm

Ast reqd at bottom 3605 mm2/m
Min. Ast @0.15% 2250
Provide 28 dia @ 150 c/c 4105 mm2/m
Medge = -5133.57 kNm
Ast reqd at top 2452 mm2/m
Provide 25 dia @ 200 c/c 2454 mm2/m

Check the reinforcement for Case II (DL+LL+EQ)

M1 7565.24 kNm
Max reactive M at support 945.66 kNm
Max M at center of well cap 4728.28 kNm
Max M at the edge of well cap -945.66 kNm

Mcenter = 9475.54 kNm

Ast reqd at bottom 21124 mm2
3018 mm2/m < 4105 mm2/m
Medge = -5519.41 kNm
Ast reqd at top 12305 mm2
1758 mm2/m < 2454 mm2/m
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

3. DESIGN OF STEINING

Length of Steining up to scour level= 13.66 m

Forces and moments at the scour level

Force
SN Description Vertical Horizontal Lever arm Moment
1a Case I 11867.89 694.97 10748.36
1b 13.66 9493.35
2a Case II 11867.89 1497.02 18156.58
2b 13.66 20449.28
3a Steining above scour 6928.92
3b 623.60 6.83 4259.21
4 Water Current 39.17 9.11 356.71

Total (Case I) 18796.81 734.14 20241.71

Total (Case II) 18796.81 2120.62 42865.07

Point of zero shear, x = 3.97 m

max. moment (at zero shear point) = 48473 kNm

Let us assume tilt of 1 in 80 as per IRC

e due to tilt at top = 0.28 m
e at scour level = 0.19 m
moment due to tilt = 3562 kNm

Let us assume shift of 150mm

Moment due to shift = 2820 kNm

Total moment = 54855 kNm

Buoyancy upto zero shear = 1018 kN

Weight of steining upto zero shear = 8941 kN
Total vertical weight = 26720 kN
Pressure, smax 1.85 N/mm2 < 1.5*5 OK
smin 0.68 N/mm2 > -1.5*0.5 OK

Reinforcement of Steining
Vertical reinforcement = 25362 mm2 (0.12% of steining area)
no. of 16 dia. bars = 126
Total perimeter available = 40 m
Spacing of bars required = 320 mm

Hoop reinforcement = 209 mm2/m (0.04% steining vol/m)

Spacing 12 dia. bars required = 540 mm

PROVIDE 16 dia.@250 c/c vertical bars & 12@300 hoop reinforcement (staggered)
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

LATERAL STABILITY OF WALL

Total weight of steining 11412.93 kN
Weight of sand in well = 6592.79 kN
Seismic load due to sand 593.35 kN
Lever arm 10.8 m
Moment 6378.52 kNm
Weight of bottom plug (2.5 m) = 1040.97 kN
Seismic load due to bottom plug 93.69 kN
Weight of sand fill upto scour level = 4392.88 kN

Total weight at base = 35307.46 kN

Buoyancy on well = 8659.01 kN

Net downward force V = 26648.44 kN

Horizontal seismic force = 593.35 kN

Total horizontal force at scour level = 2713.97 kN

Moment at scour level = 49243.59 kNm

Moment at base level = 74371.40 kNm

ELASTIC ANALYSIS (IRC Method)

Vertical force, V = 26648.44 kN

Horizontal force, H = 2807.66 kN
Moment, M = 74371.40 kNm

Grip length, D = 8.84 m

L= 20.25 m
Now, I(v) = 1165.74 m4

I = I(b) +mI(v) (1+2m'(a))

m= 1.00
m' 0.36
a 0.25
m 0.58
Hence, I = 1473.33 m4

r = D/2*(I/(mI(v))
r= 5.59 m

H > M/r (1+mm') - mV 725.44 < H = 2807.66 OK

H < M/r (1-mm') +mV 25901.15 > H = 2807.66 OK

m M/I < g' (Kp - Ka)

m M/I = 50.48
g' (Kp - Ka) = 77.00 OK

P = M/r = 13313.30 kN
pt = (V - m'P)/A + MB/2I = 743.21 kN/m2 < 1.25×650 OK
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

ph = (V - m'P)/A - MB/2I = 389.86 kN/m2 > 0 OK

 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

ULTIMATE RESISTANCE (IRC Method)

V/A < qv/2

qv = 3 × safe bearing capacity = 2400 kN/m2
V/A = 692.45 kN/m2 < qv/2 = 1200 OK

M < 0.7(Mb + Ms +Mf)

D/B = 1.26
C = 0.29
Mb = CVB*tan(f) = 35130.58 kNm f = 33

Ms = 0.1gD3(Kp-Ka)L = 107714.10 kNm

Mf = 0.1g(Kp-Ka) (B2)(D2)sin(d) = 11045.03 kNm d = 22

Now, 0.7(Mb +Ms + Mf) = 107722.79 >M= 74371.40 OK

Check for Case I (DL+LL)

Vertical force, V = 26648.44 kN

Horizontal force, H = 734.14 kN
Moment, M = 33113.07 kNm

H > M/r (1+mm') - mV -8212.27 < H = 734.14 OK

H < M/r (1-mm') +mV 20067.47 > H = 734.14 OK

P = M/r = 5927.60 kN
pt = (V - m'P)/A + MB/2I = 715.05 kN/m2 < 800 OK
ph = (V - m'P)/A - MB/2I = 557.72 kN/m2 > 0 OK
 Design Calculation for Pier No. 18

Design of Well Curb

N 1320.23 kN/m
d 6.43 m
q 48.19
m 22

T= 3267.34 kN
Permissible stress in steel 95 N/mm2 (As per IRC:21 Table 10)
Ast reqd 5353 mm2/m
Spacing using 4-16 dia hoops 150 mm/m

Min Ast 72 kg/m3 (in well curb)

Vol of concrete 10.57 m3/m (average concrete area of well curb)
Min Ast 761 kg/m
Min Ast 0.09693 m3/m (density of steel = 7850 kg/m3)
Min Ast 96925 mm2-m/m (length of reinforcement = perimeter of steining)

Provide 4 rings @150 c/c 108224 mm2-m/m (Min Ast will govern the reinforcement requirement)

Hence, t = 1.47 m
tmin = 2.35 m (half of inner well diameter)

Provide 2.75 m bottom plug of M15 concrete

Provide 1 m top plug of M15 concrete