5.

0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

PM10 Analysis

Date Time Con (µg/m³) Flow (LPM) AT (ºC) BP(Pa)

20/09/2019 1:32 PM 124 2.0 33 96975
Average 124 2.0 33 96975

Calculations

(a) Weight of filter paper.

Weight of filter paper = final filter mass – initial filter mass
= 0.21g – 0.09g
= 0.12g
(b) Volume
Volume = (flow rate x 273°C x pressure) / {(273°C + Temperature) x 101.3kPa}

= (2.0 x 273°C x 96975) / {(273°C + 33°C) x 101.3kPa}

= 1708.13 m³

(c) Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

TSP ¿ {(Final Filter Mass – Initial Filter Mass) x 106 }/Volume
= {(0.21-0.09g) x 106 } / 1708.13
= 70.25 µg/m³

(d) Concentration

Minimum concentration = 93 µg/m³

Maximum concentration = 124 µg/m³

*the maximum concentration was chosen to gain effective result.

6.0 ANALYSIS

Based on the data obtained, the maximum concentration, which is 124 µg/m³ is acceptable.
This is due to the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) that less than 150 µg/m³ based
on the standard that provided in Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for 24 hours. PM
stands for particulate matter (also called particle pollution): the term for a mixture of solid
particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles, such as dust, dirt, soot, or
smoke, are large or dark enough to be seen with the naked eye. Others are so small they can
only be detected using an electron microscope. Particle pollution in PM10 includes
inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller. The weight
of the filter paper increased as the particulate matters in the air went through the filter paper
and sticks on them. After 24 hours, the filter paper was collected from the E-sampler and was
weighed to calculate the total suspended particles (TSP). TSP is an archaic regulatory
measure of mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) contains in the air. The
concentration of particulate matter can be varied by wind speed and direction as wind speed
and its directions also plays an important role in the measurement of particulate matter. In
this case, the flow rate of the air is 2.0 LPM. The temperature and the pressure while the
experiment occurs are 33°C and 96975 Pa respectively. The total suspended particulate that
we obtained in this experiment is 70.25 µg/m³. The average of the readings taken which are
concentration, flow, temperature and pressure are the same with the first reading taken since
only one reading is taken for this experiment. The units used for concentration is microgram
per cubic meter. Flow uses liter per minute as the units and the temperature uses degree
Celsius. On the other hand, pressure uses Pascal as its units.

REFERENCES
 EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Retrieved from Particulate Matter
(PM) Pollution: https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics