Research – systematic way of gathering data

STEPS IN CONDUCTING A MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

1. Topic
- own interest and expertise;
- availability of the resources;
- time constraints;
- novelty of the problem (should always be new); and
- Importance of the problem to the community/organization (what is the benefit of your
company in your research).
2. Identifying the variable by formulating your research title (not more than 17 words)
- Descriptive (wag i-qualify, say positive or negative effect);
- Concise; and
- Limited (delimitation).
3. Identifying Research Problem
- A research problem is usually stated in one broad statement followed by specific questions
that relate to the main problem. Answers to these questions when put together provide
answer to the general problem.
- A question that needs to be answered or a problem that requires a solution through
research.
- Answer to the questions can always be made by Statistical Analysis. (Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences or SPSS for management research) (Andrew: this is true even for some
cases decided by the Supreme Court. See Garcia vs Drilon)

Problem Identification Process

1. State the Research Problem - Analyze the problem;

2. State the problem clearly – Sub problems;
3. Formulate the hypothesis, if applicable.

Sources of Problem

- Intellectual Curiosity;
- Problems encountered in practice;
- Analysis of Needs;
- Research priorities

Research problem – Interrogative statement that focus on what variables or concepts are to be
described and what relationships might exist between variables

- A quantity to estimate;
- A characteristic to compare;
- A situation in need of a solution, improvement or alteration.

Determine if the problem is researchable

- Conflicting Maxims or ideas;

- Personal experiences or observation;
 - Theories (prove or disprove);
- Previous Research;
- Unusual Phenomenon

Determine if the problem is significant

- Will it fill a gap…

Determine if the problem is feasible

- Time and money;

- Are there enough participants?;
- Is the method feasible to implement? – i.e, facility/equipment; and
- Are there ethical considerations

Formulating the Hypothesis

- Statement of the expected relationships among variables;

- Tentative answer to the problem;

State the problem and the sub-problems in clear and specific terms:

- Variables: qualities, properties, or characteristics of persons, things or situation that are

measured or manipulated in research

TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (MROD)

1. Methods;
2. Results;
3. Objectives; and
4. Discussions.

Experimental Method

- This involve manipulating conditions and studying effects. The conditions or “treatment”
manipulated is the cause which is the independent variable while the effect is the dependent
variable. And example of a topic using the method is a study on the effectiveness of a method
of instruction in the teaching of oral communication. The method of instruction is the
independent variable; the score of the students tested comprise the dependent variable.

Correlational method

- Method used to show relationships

- This is used to determine relationship aming two or more variables. And example of this study
is the relationship between the student’s verbal abilities and comprehension in English.

Causal Comparative method

- This involves comparing known groups who have had different experiences to determine
possible causes or consequences of group membership.
Survey method

- This describes the characteristics of a group by means of…

Qualitative method

- This seeks to obtain a holistic pictures of what goes on in a particular situation or setting.
Common forms of this type of research are: …

Historical Method

- For documentary analysis

- This studies some aspects of the past by perusing documents of the period or by interviewing
individuals who lived during the time. An example is a study on the success and failures of the
Arroyo Administration.

TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (next meeting pa i-discuss thoroughly)

True Experiments

- All the important factors that might affect the phenomena of interest are completely
controlled, are the preferred design.

Quasi-experiments

- It is not possible or practical to control all the key factors…

For example:

“The impact of Mobile Legends to your professional and its effect to performance”

Independent variable Dependent Variable

It is a causal relationship
Cause Effect
Mobile legends to young pros Effect to work performance

Topic: Career development of PCU MBA Alumni

Research Variables: * Sustaining excellence

 Tracer study of PCU MBA Alumni;

Therefore, title can be:

Sustaining excellence in Employment: A Tracer Study of PCU MBA in Selected Government Offices