Lecture - 11 Analysis and Design of Two-Way Slab Systems (Two-Way Slab With Beams & Two Way Joist Slabs) PDF

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P.
University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Lecture-11
Analysis and Design of
Two-way Slab Systems
(Two-way Slab with Beams & Two Way
joist Slabs)
B Prof
By: P f Dr.
D Qaisar
Q i Ali
Civil Engineering Department
NWFP UET Peshawar
drqaisarali@nwfpuet.edu.pk
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE 5115 Advance Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures 1
Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Topics Addressed
y Moment Coefficient Method for Two way slab with
beams
y Introduction
y Cases
y Moment Coefficient Tables
y Reinforcement
R i f t Requirements
R i t
y Steps
y Example
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 2
1
Topics Addressed
y Two-way Joist Slab
y Introduction
y Behavior
y Characteristics
y Basic Steps for Structural Design
y Example
Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Method (Introduction)
z The Moment Coefficient Method included for the first time in
1963 ACI Code is applicable to two-way slabs supported on
four sides of each slab panel by walls, steel beams relatively
deep, stiff, edge beams (h = 3hf).
z Although, not included in 1977 and later versions of ACI code,

its continued use is permissible under the ACI 318-08 code
provision (13.5.1). Visit ACI 13.5.1.
2
Two Way Slabs

Ma,neg
y Moment Coefficient Method la

Ma,pos
y Moments: Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2 lb Ma,neg
Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl × wu, dl × la2 + Ca, pos, ll × wu, ll × la2
Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl × wu, dl × lb2 + Cb, pos, ll × wu, ll × lb2
y Where Ca, Cb = Tabulated moment coefficients

wu = Ultimate uniform load, psf
la, lb = length of clear spans in short and long directions
respectively.
Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Method: Cases
y Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:
3
Two Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

4
Two Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Tables:
5
Two Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

6
Two Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

7
Two Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

y Load Coefficient Table:
8
Two Way Slabs

y Maximum spacing and minimum reinforcement
requirement:
z Maximum spacing (ACI 13.3.2):
smax = 2 hf in each direction.
z Minimum Reinforcement (ACI 7.12.2.1):

Asmin = 0.0018 b hf for grade 60.
Asmin = 0.002 b hf for grade 40 and 50.
Two Way Slabs

y Special Reinforcement at exterior corner of Slab
z The reinforcement at exterior ends of the slab shall be provided as per ACI
13.3.6 in top and bottom layers as shown.
z The positive and negative reinforcement in any case, should be of a size and
spacing equivalent to that required for the maximum positive moment (per foot
of width) in the panel.
9
Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Method
y Steps
y Find hmin = perimeter/ 180 = 2(la + lb)/180
y Calculate loads on slab (force / area)
y Calculate m = la/ lb
y Decide about case of slab,
y Use table to pick moment coefficients,
y Calculate moments and then design.
y Apply reinforcement requirements (smax = 2hf, ACI 13.3.2)
Two Way Slabs

y Moment
o e t Coe
Coefficient et od Example
c e t Method: a pe
y A 100′ × 60′, 3-storey commercial building is to be designed.
The grids of column plan are fixed by the architect.
10
Two Way Slabs

y Moment
o e t Coe
Coefficient et od Example
c e t Method: a pe
y Complete analysis of the slab is done by analyzing four panels
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I
Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Method: Example
p
y A 100′ × 60′, 3-storey commercial building: Sizes and Loads.
y Sizes:
y Minimum slab thickness = perimeter/180 = 2 (20+25)/180 = 6″
However, for the purpose of comparison, take hf = 7″

y Columns = 14″ × 14″ (assumed)
y Beams = 14″ × 20″ (assumed)
y Loads:
y S.D.L = Nil ; Self Weight = 0.15 x (7/12) = 0.0875 ksf
y L.L = 144 psf ; wu = 0.336 ksf
11
Two Way Slabs

y Panels are analyzed using Moment Coefficient Method
Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ma,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg

Ma,pos
Ma,neg
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
12
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
13
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
14
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Two Way Slabs

Case = 4
m = la/lb = 0.8
Panel I Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.071 Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ma,pos
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020 Ma,neg
Ca,posDL = 0.039
0 039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ma,neg = 9.5 k-ft

Ma,pos = 6.1 k-ft
Mb,neg = 6.1 k-ft
Mb,pos = 3.9 k-ft
For slab supported on Spandrals, Mneg,ext = 1/3Mpos
15
Two Way Slabs

Case = 9
m = la/lb = 0.8
Panel II
Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Ma,neg
Cb,posLL = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
0 029 Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
Cb,posDL = 0.010 Ma,pos
Ma,neg = 10.1 k-ft Ma,neg

Ma,pos = 5.1 k-ft
Mb,neg = 3.6 k-ft
Mb,pos = 3.1 k-ft
Two Way Slabs

Case = 8
m = la/lb = 0.8
Ma,neg
Panel III
Ca,neg = 0.055 Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ma,pos
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019 Ma,neg
Ca,posDL = 0.032
0 032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ma,neg = 7.4 k-ft

Ma,pos = 5.4 k-ft
Mb,neg = 8.6 k-ft
Mb,pos = 3.7 k-ft
16
Two Way Slabs

Case = 2
m = la/lb = 0.8
Panel IV
Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Ma,neg
Cb,posLL = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.026
0 026 Mb,neg Mb,pos Mb,neg
Cb,posDL = 0.011 Ma,pos
Ma,neg = 8.7 k-ft Ma,neg

Ma,pos = 4.9 k-ft
Mb,neg = 5.7 k-ft
Mb,pos = 3.2 k-ft
Two Way Slabs

y Slab analysis summary
9.5 7.4
3.9 3.7
6.1 6.1 6.1 8.6 5.4 8.6
9.5 7.4
10.1 8.7
3.2 3.2
3.6 3.6 5.7 5.7
5.1 4.9
10.1 8.7
17
Two Way Slabs

y Slab Reinforcement Details
C C
A A
B B C B C
C C
A= #4 @ 12″
A A B = #4 @ 6″
A B B
B B C = #4 @ 4″
C C
Two-Way Joist Slab
36
18
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
z A two-way joist system, or waffle slab, comprises evenly
spaced concrete joists spanning in both directions and a
reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with the joists.
Joist
37
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
z Like one-way joist system, a two way system will be qualified
to be said as two-way joist system if clear spacing between
ribs (dome width) does not exceed 30 in.
38
19
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
39
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
z The joists are commonly formed by using Standard Square
“dome” forms and the domes are omitted around the columns
to form the solid heads.
20
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
z Standard Dome Data
z Generally the dome for waffle slab can be of any size. However the
commonly used standard domes are discussed as follows:
z 30-in × 30-in square domes with 3-inch flanges; from which 6-inch
wide joist ribs at 36-inch centers are formed: these are available in
standard depths of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 inches.
z 19 i h × 19-inch
19-inch 19 i h square domes
d with
ith 2 ½-inch
½ i h flanges,
fl f
from which
hi h
5-inch wide joist ribs at 24-inch centers are formed. These are
available in standard depths of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 inches.
Two-Way Joist
y Introduction
z Standard Dome Data
21
Two-Way Joist
y Behavior
z The behavior of two-way joist slab is similar to a two way flat
Slab system.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
Two-Way Joist
y Characteristics
z Dome voids reduce dead load
z Attractive ceiling (waffle like appearance)
z Electrical fixtures can be placed in the voids
z Particularly advantageous where the use of longer spans

and/or heavier loads are desired without the use of
deepened drop panels or supported beams.
22
Two-Way Joist
y Basic Steps for Structural Design
z Step No.
No 01 (Sizes): Sizes of all structural and non
structural elements are decided.
z Step No. 02 (Loads): Loads on structure are determined

based on occupational characteristics and functionality (refer
Appendix C of class notes).
z Step No.
No 03 (Analysis): Effect of loads are calculated on all
structural elements.
z Step No. 04 (Design): Structural elements are designed for

the respective load effects following code provisions.
Two-Way Joist
y Sizes
z Minimum Joist Depth
z For Joist depth determination, waffle slabs are considered as flat slab
(ACI 13.1.3, 13.1.4 & 9.5.3).
z The thickness of equivalent flat slab is taken from table 9.5 (c).
z The thickness of slab and depth of rib of waffle slab can be then
computed by equalizing the moment of inertia of equivalent flat slab to
that of waffle slab.
slab
z However since this practice is time consuming, tables have been

developed to determine the size of waffle slab from equivalent flat slab
thickness.
23
Two-Way Joist
y Sizes
z Minimum Joist Depth
z Equivalent Flat Slab Thickness
z ACI 318-05 – Sect. 9.5.3
z Minimum thickness = ln/33
Two-Way Joist
y Sizes
y Minimum Joist Depth
y Slab and rib depth from equivalent flat slab thickness
Table 01: Waffle flat slabs (19" × 19" voids at 2'-0")-Equivalent thickness
Rib + Slab Depths (in.) Equivalent Thickness te (in.)
8+3 8.89
8+4½ 10.11
10 + 3 10.51
10 + 4 ½ 11.75
12 + 3 12.12
12 + 4 ½ 13.38
14 + 3 13.72
14 + 4 ½ 15.02
16 + 3 15.31
16 + 4 ½ 16.64
Reference: Table 11-2 of CRSI Design Handbook 2002.
Note: Only first two columns of the table are reproduced here.
48
24
Two-Way Joist
y Sizes
y Minimum Joist Depth
y Slab and rib depth from equivalent flat slab thickness
Table 02: Waffle flat slabs (30" × 30" voids at 3'-0")-Equivalent thickness
8+3 8.61
8+4½ 9.79
10 + 3 10.18
10 + 4 ½ 11.37
12 + 3 11.74
12 + 4 ½ 12.95
14 + 3 13.3
14 + 4 ½ 14.54
16 + 3 14.85
16 + 4 ½ 16.12
20 + 3 17.92
20 + 4 ½ 19.26
Note: Only first two columns of the table are reproduced here.
49
Two-Way Joist
y Sizes
y Minimum Width of Rib
y ACI 8.11.2 states that ribs shall be not less than 4 inch in width.
y Maximum Depth of Rib

y A rib shall have a depth of not more than 3 ½ times the minimum
width of rib.
y Minimum Slab Thickness

y ACI 8.11.6.1 states that slab thickness shall be not less than one-
twelfth the clear distance between ribs, nor less than 2 in.
50
25
Two-Way Joist
y Loads
y Floor dead load for two-way
y jjoist with certain dome size,, dome depth
p can
be calculated from the table shown for two options of slab thicknesses (3
inches and 4 ½ inches).
Table 03: Standard Dome Dimensions and other Data

Floor Dead Load (psf) per slab
Volume of Void thickness
Dome Size Dome Depth (in.)
(ft3)
3 inches 4 ½ inches
8 3.98 71 90
10 4 92
4.92 80 99
12 5.84 90 109
30-in
14 6.74 100 119
16 7.61 111 129
20 9.3 132 151
8 1.56 79 98
10 1.91 91 110
19-in 12 2.25 103 122
14 2.58 116 134
16 2.9 129 148
Reference: Table 11-1, CRSI Design Handbook 2002
51
Two-Way Joist
y Loads
y Floor dead load (wdj) for two-way
two way joist can also be
calculated as follows:
36″
Volume of solid: 3″
Vsolid = (36 × 36 × 11)/1728 = 8.24 ft3
8″
Volume of void:
Vvoid = (30 × 30 × 8)/1728 = 4.166 ft3 30″
Total Load of joists per dome:
wdj = (Vsolid – Vvoid) × γconc
= ( 8.24 – 4.166) × 0.15 = 0.61 kip
Total Load of joists per sq. ft:

wdj/ (dome area) = 0.61/ (3 × 3) = 0.0679 ksf
= 68 psf ≈ 71 psf (from table 03)
The difference is because sloped ribs are not considered.
52
26
Two-Way Joist
y Loads
y At locations where solid head is present,
present the floor dead load
can be calculated as follows:
y If, wdj = dead load in joist area Wdj+sh Wdj+sh
wdj
y Wsh = dead load in solid head area
= hsolid × γconc a a
ln
y Wdj+sh = {{wshb + wdj((l2-b)}/l
)} 2
l2 b
a a
53
Two-Way Joist
y Loads
y Factored loads can be calculated as: Wish Wish
wosh
y If wL = live load (load/area), then
a a
y Load out of solid head region
ln
wosh = 1.2 wdj + 1.6wL
y Load in solid head region wish wish
wish = 1.2w
1 2 dj+sh+1.6w
16 L b
l2 wosh
a a
54
27
Two-Way Joist
y Analysis
z ACI code allows use of DDM for analysis of waffle slabs (ACI
R13.1). In such a case, waffle slabs are considered as flat
slabs, with the solid head acting as drop panels (ACI 13.1.3).
Two-Way Joist
y Analysis
z Static moment calculation for DDM analysis:
Wish Wish
wosh wosh
ln a a ln
ln
Mosh
Mish
b
a a
Mosh = woshl2ln2/8 Mish = (wish-wosh)ba2/2 l2
Mo = Mosh + Mish
28
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design of slab for punching shear
z The solid head shall be checked against punching shear.
z The critical section for punching shear is taken at a section d/2 from face
of the column, where d is the effective depth at solid head.
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design of slab for
punching shear
z Load on tributary area will l1
cause punch out shear.
z Within tributary area, two

types of loads are acting:
z Solid head load
z Joist load
l2 d/2
z Both types shall be
considered while calculating
punching shear demand
29
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design of slab for punching
shear
z Total area = l1 × l2 l1
z Solid area = Asolid
z Joist part area (Aj) = (l1×l2) -Asolid
z Critical perimeter area = Acp
z Vu =Aj×wosh+ (Asolid – Acp) × wish

l2 d/2
z Where,
wosh = joist part load
wish = load inside solid head

Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Shear Strength of Slab in punching shear:
z ΦVn = ΦVc + ΦVs
z ΦVc is least of:

z Φ4√ (fc′)bod
z (2 + 4/βc) √ (fc′)bod
z {(αsd/bo +2} √ (fc′)bod
βc = longer side of column/shorter side of column
αs = 40 for interior column, 30 for edge column, 20 for corner columns
30
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design of Joist for Beam Shear:
z Beam shear Demand
z Beam shear is not usually a problem in slabs including waffle slabs.

However for completion of design beam shear may also be
checked. Beam shear can cause problem in case where larger
spans and heavier loads with relatively shallow waffle slabs are
used.
z The critical section for beam shear is taken at a section d from face
of the column, where d is the effective depth at solid head.
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design
g of Joist for Beam Shear:
z Beam shear capacity of concrete joist
z ΦVn = ΦVc + ΦVs
z ΦVc is least of: Stirrup

z Φ2√ (fc′)bribd
z ΦVs = ΦAvfy/bribs
z If required, one or two single legged stirrups are provided in the rib to
increase the shear capacity of waffle slab.
31
Two-Way Joist
y Design
z Design for Flexure
z The design of waffle slab is done by usual procedures.
z However, certain reinforcement requirements apply discussed next.
Two-Way Joist
y ACI recommendations on reinforcement
requirement of waffle slab:
z ACI 10.6.7 states that if the effective depth d of a beam or
joist exceeds 36 in., longitudinal skin reinforcement shall be
provided as per ACI section 10.6.7.
z According to ACI 13.3.2, for cellular or ribbed construction

reinforcement shall not be less than the requirements of ACI
7.12.
z As per ACI 7.12, Spacing of top bars cannot exceed 5h or

18 inches.
32
Two-Way Joist
y ACI recommendations on reinforcement
requirement of waffle slab:
Two-Way Joist
y Other important points:
z The amount of reinforcement and,
and if necessary,
necessary the top slab
thickness can be changed to vary the load capacities for
different spans, areas, or floors of a structure.
z Each joist rib contains two bottom bars. Straight bars are
supplied over the column centerlines for negative factored
moment.
Bottom bar
33
Two-Way Joist
y Other important points:
z For layouts that do not meet the standard 2-feet
2 feet and 3-feet
3 feet
modules, it is preferable that the required additional width be
obtained by increasing the width of the ribs framing into the
solid column head.
z The designer should sketch out the spacing for a typical panel
p g as a p
and correlate with the column spacing part of the earlyy
planning.
Two-Way Joist
y Example: Design the slab system of hall shown in figure as waffle
slab, according to ACI 318. Use Direct Design Method for slab
analysis.
z fc′ = 4 ksi
z fy = 60 ksi
z Live load = 100 psf
34
Two-Way Joist
y Solution:
z A 108
108′ × 144
144′ building,
building divided into twelve (12) panels,
panels supported at
their ends on columns. Each panel is 36′ × 36′.
z The given slab system satisfies all the necessary limitations for Direct
Design Method to be applicable.
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 01: Sizes
z Columns
z Let all columns be 18″ × 18″.
z Slab
z Adopt 30″ × 30″ standard dome.
z Minimum equivalent flat slab thickness (hf) can be found using ACI Table
9 5 (c):
9.5
z Exterior panel governs. Therefore,
hf = ln/33
= [{36 – (2 × 18/2)/12}/33] × 12 = 12.45″
35
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 01: Sizes
z Slab
z The closest depth of doom that will fulfill the requirement of equivalent
thickness of flat slab equal to 12.45″ is 12 in. with a slab thickness of 4 ½
in. for a dome size of 30-in.
Table: Waffle flat slabs (30" × 30" voids at 3'-0")-Equivalent thickness
8+3 8.61
8+4½ 9.79
10 + 3 10.18
10 + 4 ½ 11.37
12 + 3 11.74
12 + 4 ½ 12.95
14 + 3 13.3
14 + 4 ½ 14.54
16 + 3 14.85
16 + 4 ½ 16.12
20 + 3 17.92
20 + 4 ½ 19.26
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Note: Only first two columns of the table are reproduced here. 71
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 01: Sizes l = 36′-0″ = 432″
Standard module = 36″ × 36″
z Planning of Joist layout No. of modules in 36′-0″:
n = 432/36 = 12
Planning:
First module is placed on interior
column centerline and provided
towards exterior ends of panel.
In this way, width of exterior joist
comes out to be 15″.
36
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 01: Sizes
z Solid Head
z Solid head dimension from column centerline = l/6 = 36/6 = 6′
z Total length of solid head= 2 × 6 = 12′
z As 3′ × 3′ module is selected, therefore 4 voids will make an interior solid

head of 12.5′ × 12.5′.
z Depth of the solid head = Depth of standard module = 12 + 4.5 = 16.5′
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 02: Loads
z Floor (joist) dead load (wdj) = 109 psf = 0.109
0 109 ksf
Table: Standard Dome Dimensions and other Data

Floor Dead Load (psf) per slab
Volume of Void thickness
Dome Size Dome Depth (in.)
(ft3)
3 inches 4 ½ inches
8 3.98 71 90
10 4.92 80 99
12 5.84 90 109
30-in
14 6.74 100 119
16 7.61
61 111 129
20 9.3 132 151
8 1.56 79 98
10 1.91 91 110
19-in 12 2.25 103 122
14 2.58 116 134
16 2.9 129 148
Reference: Table 11-1, CRSI Design Handbook 2002
37
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 02: Loads
y Floor (joist) dead load (wdj) = 109 psf = 0.109
0 109 ksf
y Solid Head dead load (wsh) = {(12 + 4.5)/12} × 0.15 = 0.206 ksf
y Wdj+sh = {wshb + wdj(l2-b)}/l2 Wdj+sh Wdj+sh

wdj
= {0.206×12.5 + 0.109 (36 – 12.5)}/36
a a
= 0.143 ksf
ln
l2 b = 12.5′
a = 5.25′ a
75
Two-Way Joist
y Step No 02: Loads
y wL = 100 psf = 0.100
0 100 ksf
y Load out of solid head region
wosh = 1.2 wdj + 1.6wL
= 1.2×0.109 + 1.6×0.100
wish wish
= 0.291 ksf
l2 b wosh
y Load in solid head region a a
wish = 1.2wdj+sh+1.6wL
= 1.2 × 0.143 + 1.6 × 0.100 = 0.33 ksf

76
38
Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 03: Frame Analysis (E-W Interior Frame)
z Step 1: Marking E-W Interior Frame:
l1 = 36′-0″
36′ 0″
ln = 34′-6″ l2 = 36′-0″

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 01: Marking E-W Interior Frame
z Design Span of frame (c/c) = l1 = 36′
Design Length of frame = ln = 36 – (2 × 18/2)/12 = 34.5′
Width of frame = l2 = 36′
Half column strip width = (Shorter span)/ 4 = 36/4 = 9′

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 2: Marking Column and Middle Strips
MS/2 = 9′-0″
a = 55′-3″
-3
CS/2 = 9′-0″
b= 12′-6″ CS/2 = 9′-0″
MS/2 = 9′-0″
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4
l2/4 = 36/4 = 9′
9

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 03: Static Moment Calculation
z Mosh (outside head) = woshl2ln2/8
= 0.291 × 36 × 34.52/8 = 1557.56 ft-k
Mish (solid head) = (wish – wosh) ba2/2
= (0.33–0.291)×12.5×5.252/2 = 6.70 ft-k
Mo (total static moment) = Mosh + Mish = 1557.56 + 6.70 = 1564.26 ft-k
Note: Since normally, Mish is much smaller than Mosh the former can be
conveniently ignored in design calculations

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 04: Longitudinal distribution of Total static moment (Mo).

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 05: Lateral Distribution of Longitudinal moment (L.M).
α INT36 =0 {no interior beams}
l2/l1 = 36/36 = 1
α INT36l2/l1 = 0

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 03: Frame Analysis (E-W Exterior Frame)
z Step 01: Marking E-W exterior Frame
l1 = 36′-0″
36′ 0″
ln = 34′-6″
l2 = 18′-0″ + ((9/12)) = 18.75′

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 01: Marking E-W exterior Frame
z Design Span of frame (c/c) = l1 = 36′
Design Length of frame = ln = 36 – (2 × 18/2)/12 = 34.5′
Width of frame = l2 = 9′ + 9′ + (9/12)″ = 18.75′
Half column strip width = (Shorter span)/ 4 = 36/4 = 9′

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 02: Marking Column and Middle Strips
l1 = 36′-0″
36′ 0″
ln = 34′-6″
CS/2 = Least of l1/4 or l2/4

MS/2 = 9′-0″
l2/4 = 36/4 = 9′
9 a = 55′-33″
b= 7′-0″ CS/2 = 9′-0″

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 03: Static Moment Calculation
z Mosh (outside head) = woshl2ln2/8
= 0.291 × 18.75 × 34.52/8 = 811.78 ft-k
Mish (solid head) = (wish – wosh) ba2/2
= (0.33–0.291)×7×5.252/2 = 3.76 ft-k
Mo (total static moment) = Mosh + Mish = 811.78 + 3.76 = 815.54 ft-k
Note: Since normally, Mish is much smaller than Mosh the former can be
conveniently ignored in design calculations

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 03: Analysis
z Step 04: Longitudinal distribution of Total static moment (Mo).

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Step 05: Lateral Distribution of Longitudinal moment (L.M)
[Refer to ACI 13.6.4 to ACI 13.6.6].
z α EXT36 =0 {no exterior beams}
z l2/l1 = 36/36 = 1
z α EXT36l2/l1 = 0

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Analysis of N-S Interior and Exterior Frame will be same as E-W respective
frames due to square panels.
N-S Exterior
Frame
l2 = 18′-9″
N-S Interior Frame

l2 = 36′-0″

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 04: Design
z For E-W Interior slab strip:
z davgg = 12 + 4.5 – 1″ (concrete cover) – 0.75 (avg. bar dia) = 14.75″
z Asmin = 0.0018bte (Where te = equivalent flat slab thickness)
Asmin = 0.0018 × 12 × 12.95 = 0.279 in2
z Now, Equation used to calculate (ρ) in table below is as follows:
Mu = Φfyρbdavg2{1– 0.59ρfy/fc′} = 0.9×60×ρ×12×14.752×{1– 0.59×ρ×60/4}
z After solving the above equation for ρ, we get:
ρ = [140980.5 ±√{(140980.5)2 – (4 × 1247677 × Mu′ × 12)}]/2(1247677)….(A)

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z For E-W Interior slab strip:

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z For E-W exterior slab strip:
z davgg = 12 + 4.5 – 1– 0.75 = 14.75″
z Asmin = 0.0018bte (Where te = equivalent flat slab thickness)
Asmin = 0.0018 × 12 × 12.95 = 0.279 in2
z Now, Equation used to calculate (ρ) in table below is as follows:
Mu = Φfyρbdavg2{1– 0.59ρfy/fc′} = 0.9×60×ρ×12×14.752×{1– 0.59×ρ×60/4}
z After solving the above equation for ρ, we get:
ρ = [140980.5 ±√{(140980.5)2 – (4 × 1247677 × Mu′ × 12)}]/2(1247677)….(A)

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z For E-W exterior slab strip:

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Design of N-S Interior and Exterior Frame will be same as E-
W respective frames due to square panels and also for the
reason that davg is used in design.

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
z Note: For the completion of design problem, the waffle slab
should also be checked for beam shear and punching shear.

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Frames)
#6 @ 12″ #6 @ 6″ #6 @ 6″ #6 @ 12″
#6 @ 18″ #6 @ 18″ #6 @ 18″ #6 @ 18″
#6 @ 12″ #6 @ 6″ #6 @ 6″ #6 @ 12″
Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (N-S Frames)
#6 @ 12″ #6 @ 18″ #6 @ 12″
#6 @ 6″ #6 @ 18″ #6 @ 6″
#6 @ 6″ #6 @ 18″ #6 @ 6″

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Interior Frame)
18′-0″
#6 @ 6″ c/c
Column Strip (Interior Frame); section taken over support

2 #7 Bars
#6 @ 12
12″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Column Strip (Exterior Frame); section taken over support

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Interior Frame)
18′-0″
#6 @ 18″ c/c
Middle Strip (Interior Frame); Section taken over column line

2 #7 Bars
#6 @ 18
18″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Middle Strip (Exterior Frame); Section taken over column line 99
Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Exterior Frame)
9′-0″
#6 @ 6″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Column Strip (Interior Frame); section over support

#6 @ 12″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Column Strip (Exterior Frame); section over support

Two Way Joist

Two-Way
y Step No 05: Detailing (E-W Exterior Frame)
9′-0″
#6 @ 18″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Middle Strip (Interior Frame) ; section over support

#6 @ 18″ c/c
2 #7 Bars Middle Strip (Exterior Frame); section over support

The End

Lecture - 11 Analysis and Design of Two-Way Slab Systems (Two-Way Slab With Beams & Two Way Joist Slabs) PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Lecture - 11 Analysis and Design of Two-Way Slab Systems (Two-Way Slab With Beams & Two Way Joist Slabs) PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P.

University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

y Moment Coefficient Tables

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 2

y Basic Steps for Structural Design

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 3

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

z Although, not included in 1977 and later versions of ACI code,

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 4

Two Way Slabs

y Moment Coefficient Method la

Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

y Where Ca, Cb = Tabulated moment coefficients

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 5

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 6

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 7

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 8

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 9

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 10

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 11

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 12

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 13

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 14

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 15

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 16

Two Way Slabs

z Minimum Reinforcement (ACI 7.12.2.1):

Asmin = 0.002 b hf for grade 40 and 50.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 17

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 18

Two Way Slabs

y Calculate loads on slab (force / area)

y Decide about case of slab,

y Use table to pick moment coefficients,

y Calculate moments and then design.

y Apply reinforcement requirements (smax = 2hf, ACI 13.3.2)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 19

Department of Civil Engineering, N-W.F.P. University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Two Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali 20

Two Way Slabs