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Культура Документы
1, 2005
Summary: Monitoring power quality often seems the solution for power quality problems. Key words:
However, in order to solve power quality problems something more than simple installation of power quality,
power quality monitors at the site is needed. This article attempts to dissipate any doubts of power quality moni-
engineers about organizing a monitor program to solve power quality problems. It can be toring,
organized in three programs: an overall power quality program, the power quality survey and monitorng instru-
the immunization program. In all three programs, monitoring plays a decisive role. Furthermo- ments,
re, an overview of the main monitor features will be given. power quality survey
management
5. GENERAL FEATURES OF
MONITORING INSTRUMENTS
There are different types of monitoring in-
struments available in the market, sometimes
their characteristics are not easy to compare. In
order to choose the right instrument, it is ne-
cessary to analyze the monitoring needs first,
for example, type of disturbance to be monito-
red, monitor period, requested accuracy. In func-
tion of these needs, the selection of monitor
can be realized more objectively. The following
list describes the general features of power
quality monitoring instruments [2, 4].
Enclosure options: handheld, portable and
fixed. The choice of the enclosure option Accessories. Leads, probes, sensors, cur- Fig. 2. Inrush peak
depends on the users requirement. The han- rent clamps, frames, handles and carrying current after voltage
dheld and portable options are more dedica- cases are typical accessories supplied by the dip of a power supply
ted for engineering and trouble shooting manufacturer.
applications. The fixed install option is more Warranty. Manufacturer or supplier may pro-
often used by utilities, industrial plants and vide a warranty for a year or more.
equipments that are integrated in a power Update ability. The update ability of so-
quality monitoring system. ftware and hardware (optional modules or
Enclosure protections. The environmental cards) is an important deciding factor in the
limits for the power quality monitors are usu- purchase of the monitor.
ally specified by the manufacturers. The IP Maintenance and calibration. Power quali-
(Ingress Protection) rating also must be spe- ty monitor requires periodic maintenance and
cified by the manufacture, instruments co- calibration. This is an important factor for
uld have a similar NEMA rating too. the life time costs of monitoring and should
Power supply. The power supply of a power be considered.
quality monitor is also an important consi- Accuracy. The accuracy of a power quality
deration. Supply voltage and frequency, bat- monitoring is specified by the manufacturer
tery back up during power failure or separa- Resolution. The resolution of an instrument
te supply should be checked. is a measure of the detail of the digital sam-
Memory. The memory options for the recor- pled data after the analogue digital conver-
ded events can be hard disks, floppy disks, ting process, and it is represented in bits.
internal RAM and PCMCIA memory cards. The larger the number of bits, the finer the
User interface. The instrument user com- resolution with which the sampled data is
munication is usually realised by built-in di- captured.
splays, external viewing devices or personal Sampling rate. It defines the rate at which
computers. The user instrument communi- the input channels are sampled and should
cation is done by keypads, keyboards or by state in samples per cycle. For detecting tran-
a personal computer. The personal compu- sients, high sampling rates in the MHz are
ter options require a connection interface necessary.
from the instrument to the personal compu- Voltage withstand. Manufacturers may spe-
ter. Many instruments allow remote monitor cify the voltage withstand of the monitor and
operation and real-time displaying of the si- the complied standards.
gnals.
Software and data analysis tools. The so- 5.1. Signal Input/Output
ftware and data analysis tools supplied with The following list describes the signal input
most power monitors have a variety of func- and output interface of power quality monito-
tions and data manipulating abilities. ring instruments.
Printer. The printer can be installed inter- Input channels. The input channels are the
nally, with a direct connectaion or connec- main analogue inputs to which the voltage
tion by a personal computer. current transducters are connected.
Antoni Sudrià
REFERENCES (M’95) received the M.Sc.E.E. degree from
Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barce−
1. IEC 61000-4-30 Electromagnetic compatibility lona, Spain, in 1979.
(EMC) Part 4-30: Testing and measurement tech- In 1979, he joined Electronics Engineering
niques - Power quality measurement methods. Department, Polytechnic University of Cata−
2. L a m D . ; A Review of Power Quality Monitoring lonia, Barcelona, Spain, as an Assistant Pro−
Instruments, ERA Report 2002-0213, ERA Tech- fessor. He joined the Research and Develop−
nology Ltd, ISBN: 0 7008 0761 6. ment Department at La Maquinista in 1980.
3. L a n g R o b e r t G .: A 10-step program for im- He developed static converters for traction
proved power quality. Plant Engineering, 99, 53, 4, (trains) and several static converters for auxiliary services in trac−
p. 84, 4; ISSN:0032082X. tion. In 1985, he joined the Electrical Engineering Department,
4. S u m p e r A . e t . a l .: Voltage disturbance mo- Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain as a Full−
nitoring. LPQI Application Note 5.2.2; not publi- Time Associate Professor. He is the author and/or co−author of
shed yet. more than 100 publications including several books. He has
5. R u l l J . e t a l . : Voltage dips in industrial plants: managed numerous industry research projects and as a conse−
identification methodology, effects and solutions. quence, in 2001, he founded the Centre of Technological Innova−
Immunization cases. CIRED 2003, Barcelona, 2003. tion in Static Converters and Drives (CITCEA), Polytechnic Uni−
versity of Catalonia, with the support of a Government agreement.
Currently he is director of CITCEA Research and Innovation Cen−
tre.