Concept of development , social

and economic development

Submitted to:Dr.RAJESH KASRIJA

Submitted by: NAMAN KHURANA
Deptt of VAHEE
Definitions of Development
⚫ For almost every writer a different
definition of development exists
⚫ Important to first distinguish between:
◦ a. Development as a state or condition-
static
◦ b. Development as a process or course
of change- dynamic
 Meaning of Development
⚫ Development is not purely an economic
phenomenon but rather a multi-
dimensional process involving
reorganization and reorientation of
entire economic AND social system
⚫ Development is process of improving the
quality of all human lives with three
equally important aspects.
Todaro’s Three Objectives of Development

⚫ 1. Raising peoples’ living levels, i.e. incomes

and consumption, levels of food, medical
services, education through relevant growth
processes

⚫ 2. Creating conditions conducive to the

growth of peoples’ self-esteem through the
establishment of social, political and
economic systems and institutions which
promote human dignity and respect

⚫ 3. Increasing peoples’ freedom to choose by

enlarging the range of their choice variables, e.
g. varieties of goods and services
Alternative Interpretations of Development
⚫ Development as Modernization-
emphasizes process of social change which is
required to produce economic advancement;
examines changes in social, psychological and
political processes

⚫ How to develop wealth oriented behavior

and values in individuals; profit seeking rather
than subsistence and self sufficiency

⚫ Shift from commodity to human approach

with investment in education and skill training
Alternative Interpretations of Development
⚫ Development as Distributive Justice-
view development as improving basic needs

⚫ Interest in social justice which has raised three

issues:
⚫ 1.Nature of goods and services provided by
governments
⚫ 2. Matter of access of these public goods to
different social classes
⚫ 3. How burden of development can be shared
among these classes
⚫ Target groups include small farmers, landless,
urban under-employed and unemployed
Marxist View of Development
⚫ Emphasizes Mode of Production -
elements and activities necessary to produce
and reproduce real, material life

⚫ Capitalist (market economy) mode depends

on wage labor whose labor power produces
a surplus which is accumulated and
appropriated by the employer-result is often
class conflict in capitalist societies
 Sustainable Development

⚫ Defined as development that is likely to achieve

lasting satisfaction of human needs and
improvement of the quality of life

⚫ Help for the very poorest who are left with no

option but to destroy their environment to survive

⚫ Idea of self-reliant development with natural

resource constraints
Sustainable Development
⚫ Cost effective development using
different economic criteria to the
traditional –i.e. development should not
degrade environment

⚫ Important issues of health control,

appropriate technologies, food self-
reliance, clean water and shelter for all

⚫ People centered activities are necessary-

human beings are the resources in the
concept
Development in society
⚫ Social Development theory attempts to
explain qualitative changes in the structure
and framework of society

⚫ help the society to better realize its aims

and objectives

⚫ upward ascending movement featuring

greater levels of energy, efficiency, quality,
productivity, complexity, comprehension,
creativity, mastery, enjoyment and
accomplishment
Development in society...
⚫ Development is a process of social
change, not merely a set of policies and
programs instituted for some specific
results.

⚫ During the last five centuries this process

has picked up in speed and intensity, and
during the last five decades has witnessed
a marked surge in acceleration
Economic development
⚫ Includes the process and policies by which a
nation improves the economic, political, and
social well-being of its people.
⚫ includes economic growth measured in
terms of GDP and its distributional
dimensions
⚫ Economic development in the classical era
meant: “an increase in the absolute size of
annual production regardless of the size of
the population, or an increase in the
economy’s real income over a long period of
time”
Economic development
⚫ It involves qualitative and quantitative
improvements in a country’s economy.

⚫ Economic development is a process

where low income national economies
are transformed into modern industrial
economies
How development favours the
society
⚫ Development is the result of society's capacity
to organize resources to meet challenges and
opportunities

⚫ Society passes through well-defined stages in

the course of its development. They
are nomadic hunting and gathering, rural agrarian,
 urban, commercial, industrial, and post-
industrial societies

⚫ Pioneers introduce new ideas, practices, and

habits
How development favours the
society
⚫ At a later stage, innovations are accepted,
imitated, organized, and used

⚫ Organizational improvements introduced to

support the innovations can take place
simultaneously at four different levels—physical,
social, mental, and psychological

⚫ Development pace and scope varies according

to the stage society is in i.e. physical, vital
(vital refers to the dynamic and nervous social
energies of humanity that propel individuals to
accomplish), and mental
Impact of development
⚫ Upliftment of the economic as well as social
status of the farmers

⚫ Eagerness for learning new techniques

among the farmers

⚫ Great rise in the country’s GDP

⚫ Knowledge among people about various

new technologies
Impact of development
⚫ People themselves start experimenting
new techniques

⚫ There has been a great modification in

the traditional methods which had been
used by the farmers

⚫ a link between the experts as well as

the farmers has been successfully
established to achieve greatest benefit
conclusions
⚫ There is a great link between the social and
economic development
⚫ This link can uplift the socio economic
status of the farmers by acknowledging them
both mentally as well as physically
⚫ The acceptance of a particular practice
needs to be considered in order to check its
complete implementation
⚫ The socio economic status of a farmer will
decide the proper implementation and
execution of a development programme and
vice versa